本論文從傅柯(M. Foucault)的生命政治(biopolitics)觀點，指出口服墮胎藥物RU486之治理體系建構，如何延續了台灣近代從家庭計畫、《優生保健法》立法以來的生命政治(biopolitics)脈絡，卻又因台灣1990年代民主化政治的發展，而不以過去集權政治的方式，反而透過社會行動者之間的互動與角逐形塑而成。台灣近代的人口治理自家庭計畫至《優生保健法》立法時期，執政當局都是秉持著同樣的整體人口治理觀，傳播人口控制與經濟發展扣連的論述，使治理體系越加周延與激進徹底。到了RU486時期，集權的治理已不在，但在對人口進行整體調節，與對肉體進行個體規訓的生命權力(bio-power)論述，仍滲透在行動者的論述中，不斷地擴散與再製，並使得人民被形塑出治理性(governmentality)。RU486治理體系中的臨床規訓實作，即使仍有模糊、不合法的使用不斷地挑戰治理體系的界線，但又透過生命政治體系來回不斷的建構而逐漸被收編至體系內，成為體系的一環。在RU486合法化過程積極參與的女權團體，其興起與集權政治的退場密不可分，同樣積極參與的醫生團體則是透過不斷地與執政當局合作，而發展出其專業自主權，而成為產科領域的唯一專業代言人。RU486因此做為一種整體人口治理的人工流產技術物，其體系之形塑卻因不同社會行動者的積極介入，而在整體調節之餘也部份地彰顯了行動者的自主性，形成了與家庭計畫、《優生保健法》時期的節育與墮胎技術不同的屬性。 / From Michel Foucault’s perspectives on biopolitics, this article explains how the construction of governance system of abortion pill RU486 path-depends on the biopolitics contexts of the family planning and Genetic Health Act. Due to the political democratization during the 1990s in Taiwan, this construction is not shaped by the authority before, but through the interaction and competition of social actors. In Taiwan, the population governance from the family planning to Genetic Health Act in recent years keeps the same population control values, diffusing discourses about the connection of population control and economic developments, and then makes the whole governance system more integral and radical. To the period of RU486 legalization there is no more authority, but bio-power discourses upon overall regulation of population and individual disciplinary of body still infiltrate into the discourse of actors, shaping the governmentality of people. The clinical practices of RU486, though the fuzzy, illegal practices of RU486 still challenge the boundary of governance, are incorporated in a part of the system through the dynamic construction of biopolitics. The rise of feminist organizations that deeply participate in the process of RU486 legalization, is a result of disappearance of authority. Doctor groups, which also participate in the process of RU486 legalization, rise and develop their professional autonomy through the continuous cooperation with the government, becoming the only spokesperson of Obstetrics. We could say that RU486 is a kind of abortion artifact for population governance; apart from the overall regulation in the process of shaping RU486’s governance system, the actors’ autonomy is manifest. As a result, RU486 obtains a different property with the contraception and abortion technologies in the periods of the family planning and Genetic Health Act.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0100254004 |
| Creators | 蔡佳蓉, Tsai, Chia Jung |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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