En la actualidad, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) 2008, se calcula que existe entre 16 a 18 millones de personas a nivel mundial afectadas por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, cuyo vector principal es Triatoma infestans.
En nuestro país, la enfermedad se presenta en forma endémica en la región sur afectando principalmente a los departamentos costeros de Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna. La falta de conocimiento del vector y la mala implementación de programas para su control, han dado como resultado altos índices de mortandad en la población y la adaptación cada vez mejor del insecto al ambiente doméstico y por ende al ser humano.
En el presente trabajo, utilizando individuos nativos de Triatoma infestans pertenecientes a las localidades de Santa Rita de Siguas y Nazca, se confirmo el número cromosómico, y aplicando la técnica del bandeo “C”, utilizada para identificar los bloques de heterocromatina y usarlos como marcadores cromosómicos diferenciando el genoma andino del no andino en las poblaciones en estudio.
Mediante la posición de los bloques heterocromáticos se han detectado polimorfismos cromosómicos en número y posición a nivel de los autosomas de los individuos intra e interpoblacionales, y se ha podido determinar el tipo de genoma (andino o no andino) para las poblaciones estudiadas. Por primera vez se evidencia la presencia de población con genoma del grupo andino (población de Ica) que aparece a baja altitud.
Palabras clave: Bandeo C, Santa Rita de Siguas, Nazca, polimorfismos cromosómicos, bloques de heterocromatina. / --- Currently, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008, it is estimated that
between 16 and 18 million people worldwide are affected by the parasite Trypanosoma
cruzi, which main vector is Triatoma infestans. The path vector of disease transmission
is the main cause of the high levels of disease and mortality.
In our country, the disease occurs endemically in the southern region, mainly affecting
the coastal departments of Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. The lack of
knowledge of the vector and poor implementation of programs for its control, result in
high mortality rates in the population and the best ever adaptation of the insect to the
home environment, consequently to humans.
In the present work, using native individuals of Triatoma infestans from endemic areas
for Chagas disease, belonging to the villages of Santa Rita de Siguas and Nazca, and
applying cytogenetic techniques such as squash technique it was confirmed the
chromosome number.
The C-banding technique was used to determinate heterochromatic zones along the
chromosome fiber, which allowed the identification of heterochromatin blocks so that
they could be used as chromosomal markers in order to be able to differentiate the
Andean genome from the no- Andean one in the populations studied.
By the position of heterochromatic blocks, chromosomal polymorphisms were detected
at the number and position of the autosomes of individuals within and between
populations, and the type of genome has been detected (Andean or no-Andean) for the
populations studied. It is shown, for the first time, the presence of population with the
Andean group genome (population of Ica) that appears at low altitude.
Key words: C banding, Santa Rita de Siguas, Nazca, chromosomal polymorphisms,
heterochromatin blocks.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:Cybertesis/oai:cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe:cybertesis/3547 |
| Date | January 2010 |
| Creators | Guevara Venegas, Yenny del Rosario |
| Publisher | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos |
| Source Sets | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - SISBIB PERU |
| Language | Spanish |
| Detected Language | Spanish |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/bacherlorThesis |
| Source | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Repositorio de Tesis - UNMSM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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