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Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Aviation is the most effective means of transportation that exists today, serving
billions of people every year. However stressors present in air travel cause
autonomic changes occur, requiring the body an ability to deal with these factors.
Therefore preventive and/or mitigating strategies of these effects need to be
understood. The study aims to evaluate the autonomic and cardiovascular responses
that occur in flight and its relationship to physical fitness. The research was done
through two studies, where healthy men had the components of physical fitness:
aerobic capacity, muscular strength and body fat previously evaluated; and the
registration of heart rate variability (HRV) performed in a control day and a flight day.
The first study 11 fighter pilots reported 3h HRV and had the level of dehydration
during a test flight measured by hematocrit change. The flight lasted 1 hour and all
underwent the same operating procedures. The second study, 22 passengers of
commercial aviation, recorded 24h HRV and blood pressure simultaneously. The
results of the study show that a supersonic flight caused a reduction in most HRV
parameters during flight when compared with the control day. There is no autonomic
anticipation. Entropy correlated with aerobic capacity and body fat. Dehydration
generated by the flight changed HRV (RMSSD and SD1). The second study
demonstrates that the commercial flight caused a reduction in most HRV parameters
during flight (RMSSD; SD1; SampEn; LnHF; 1), and in 24h when compared with
control day (FC; LnHF; 2). There was autonomic anticipation. The blood pressure
and Rate-Pressure Product were significantly higher on the flight, with the largest
increases two hours before the flight and staying elevated for up to two hours. The
lower the body fat percentage and BMI, the greater the HRV during the flight day
(RMSSD; LF; HF; SD1). Already the aerobic capacity the higher, the greater the HRV
during the flight (LnLF; LnHF). Conclusions: The flight, in both situations and people,
demanded the body autonomic responses generating significant vagal withdrawal, an
increase in heart rate. The body fat and aerobic capacity, indicators of physical
fitness, correlated with HRV, however differently in the two populations and
situations: fighter pilots (SampEn) and passengers of commercial aviation (RMSSD;
LF; HF; SD1). Dehydration generated by supersonic flight influence on HRV. The
blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP) is influenced by virtue of flight in comparison of
24h. The autonomic changes relating correlate with aerobic capacity and body fat
differently in pilots of supersonic jets and passenger commercial aircraft undergoing
flight. The relative strength was not correlated with HRV parameters in any of the
populations studied. / A avia????o ?? o meio de transporte mais eficaz que existe na atualidade, atendendo a
bilh??es de pessoas a cada ano. Contudo, os fatores estressantes presentes nos
deslocamentos a??reos fazem que altera????es auton??micas e cardiovasculares
ocorram, exigindo do organismo uma capacidade de lidar com estes fatores. Por isto
estrat??gias preventivas e/ou minimizadoras desses efeitos precisam ser entendidas.
O estudo buscou verificar as respostas auton??micas e cardiovasculares que ocorrem
em voo e sua rela????o com a aptid??o f??sica. A pesquisa deu-se por meio de dois
estudos, em que homens saud??veis tiveram os componentes da aptid??o f??sica
(capacidade aer??bia, for??a muscular e gordura corporal) previamente avaliadas; e o
registro da variabilidade da frequ??ncia card??aca (VFC) realizado em um dia controle
e em um dia de voo. No primeiro estudo 11 pilotos de ca??a registraram 3h de VFC e
tiveram o n??vel de desidrata????o mensurado durante um voo de teste avaliado pela
mudan??a do hemat??crito. O voo durou 1h e todos realizaram os mesmos
procedimentos operacionais. No segundo estudo, 22 passageiros da avia????o
comercial registraram 24h de VFC e simultaneamente ?? press??o arterial. Os
resultados do estudo 1 demonstra que o voo induziu uma redu????o na maioria dos
par??metros da VFC durante o voo quando comparado com o dia controle, n??o
havendo antecipa????o auton??mica. A entropia amostral da FC correlacionou-se com
a capacidade aer??bia e a gordura corporal. A desidrata????o gerada pelo voo alterou a
VFC. O estudo 2 demonstrou que o voo comercial induziu a uma redu????o na maioria
dos par??metros da VFC durante o voo, e em alguns par??metros nas 24h quando
comparado com o dia controle. Houve antecipa????o auton??mica uma hora antes do
voo. A press??o arterial e duplo produto foram significativamente maiores no dia do
voo, tendo os maiores incrementos duas horas antes do voo e mantendo-se
elevados por at?? duas horas ap??s. Quanto menor o percentual de gordura e IMC,
maior a VFC durante o dia do voo. Quanto mais elevada a capacidade aer??bia,
maior a VFC durante o voo. Conclus??es: o voo, em ambas as situa????es e
popula????es, exigiu do organismo respostas auton??micas gerando significativa
retirada vagal, com incremento da frequ??ncia card??aca. A gordura corporal e a
capacidade aer??bia, indicadores da aptid??o f??sica, correlacionaram-se com a VFC,
contudo de forma diferente nas duas popula????es e situa????es. A desidrata????o gerada
pelo voo militar influenciou na VFC. A press??o arterial (PAS; PAD; PAM) sofre
interfer??ncia em virtude do voo na compara????o das 24h. As altera????es auton??micas
se correlacionam com a capacidade aer??bia e gordura corporal de forma
diferenciada em pilotos militares e passageiros da avia????o comercial submetidos ao
voo. A for??a relativa n??o apresentou correla????o com os par??metros da VFC em
nenhuma das popula????es estudadas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:bdtd.ucb.br:tede/2040 |
| Date | 29 March 2016 |
| Creators | Silva, Irans?? Oliveira |
| Contributors | ??lvarez, Daniel Alexandre Boullosa |
| Publisher | Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, Programa Strictu Sensu em Educa????o F??sica, UCB, Brasil, Escola de Sa??de e Medicina |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UCB, instname:Universidade Católica de Brasília, instacron:UCB |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 6095716513072507778, 500, 500, 600, 3870802503144686128, 5178284805913411594 |
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