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Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The use of antibiotic in the control of intramammary infections and in the elimination of
its possible sources in dairy farms is an important control measure. However, the
inappropriate use of antibiotics can result in the appearance of resistant strains and
compromise the efficiency of the treatment. Besides Staphylococcus spp. are among the
main pathogens of bovine mastitis, they are often resistant to antibiotics, especially
beta-lactamics, mainly by two distinct mechanisms: the production of extracellular
enzyme beta-lactamase, encoded by the blaZ gene, and production of PBP2a or PBP2 '
a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity, encoded by the mecA gene. The
expression of mecA gene is constitutive or induced by beta-lactamic antibiotics, such as
oxacillin and cefoxitin. The mecA gene is inserted into the chromosome through a
staphylococcal mobile genetic element, called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec
(SCCmec). The present study evaluated the phenogenotypical resistance profile to betalactam
antibiotics of 250 Staphylococcus spp. isolates, using oxacillin and cefoxitin as
markers in order to produce data to the knowledge of resistance in dairy farms located
in the South-Fluminense and the Metropolitan regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro to
support the implementation of measures to control this disease. The assessment of
resistance was made through 8 different phenotypic tests and yielded 54 profiles. Disk
diffusion and agar screen with oxacillin were used as "gold standard" for the calculation
of sensitivity, specificity and prediction once they are recommended by the CLSI
veterinarian as standardized tests. Disk diffusion with cefoxitin achieved the best
performance in the prediction of oxacillin resistance. Genotypic detection of mecA do
not provided any positive isolate, otherwise mecI and mecRI genes were also detected in
11.6% (29/250) of the studied Staphylococcus spp. Four cassette mec types were
detected (I, II, III and IV), being type I the most disseminated one. Gene blaZ was
detected in 5.2% (13/250) isolates. From these 13 blaZ positive isolates, the whole
system comprising blaR1-blaI-blaZ was detected in 23.1% (3/13) isolates / MENDON?A, Elaine Concei??o Liporage. Caracteriza??o fenogenot?pica da
resist?ncia antimicrobiana em Staphylococcus spp. isolados de mastites cl?nicas e
subcl?nicas em unidades leiteiras de munic?pios do Rio de Janeiro como subs?dio
para implementa??o de medidas de controle. 89 p. Disserta??o (Mestrado em
Ci?ncias Veterin?rias). Instituto de Veterin?ria, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal,
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2012.
A utiliza??o de antibi?ticos no controle das infec??es intramam?rias e na elimina??o de
prov?veis fontes de infec??o nas fazendas leiteiras se constitui em importante medida de
controle. No entanto, o uso inadequado de antibi?ticos no tratamento da doen?a pode
gerar o aparecimento de cepas resistentes e comprometer a efici?ncia do tratamento.
Bact?rias do g?nero Staphylococcus spp. est?o entre os principais agentes etiol?gicos da
mastite bovina e s?o freq?entemente resistentes aos antimicrobianos, em especial aos
beta-lact?micos, principalmente por dois mecanismos distintos: a produ??o da enzima
extracelular beta-lactamase, codificada pelo gene blaZ, e a produ??o de PBP2a ou
PBP2?, uma prote?na ligante de penicilina de baixa afinidade, codificada pelo gene
mecA. A express?o do gene mecA ? constitutiva ou induzida por antibi?ticos
betalact?micos, como a oxacilina e cefoxitina. O gene mecA est? inserido no
cromossomo estafiloc?cico atrav?s de um elemento gen?tico m?vel, denominado
cassete estafiloc?cico cromoss?mico mec (SCCmec). O presente estudo avaliou o perfil
fenogenot?pico de resist?ncia aos beta-lact?micos em 250 isolados de Staphylococcus
spp, utilizando os marcadores oxacilina e cefoxitina, de modo a produzir dados que
possam contribuir para o conhecimento da resist?ncia antimicrobiana em algumas
propriedades leiteiras das regi?es Sul-Fluminense e Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro com o objetivo de subsidiar a implementa??o de medidas de controle dessa
enfermidade. A avalia??o da resist?ncia foi feita a partir de 8 diferentes testes
fenot?picos, sendo obtidos 54 perfis. Os testes de difus?o em disco simples e ?gar screen
com oxacilina foram utilizados como ?padr?o ouro? para os c?lculos dos valores de
sensibilidade, especificidade e predi??o por serem preconizados pelo CLSI veterin?rio.
O teste de difus?o em disco simples com cefoxitina foi o de melhor desempenho na
predi??o da resist?ncia a oxacilina. Na avalia??o genot?pica, n?o foi detectado qualquer
isolado positivo para o gene mecA, j? os genes mecI e mecRI foram detectados
igualmente em 11,6% (29/250) dos Staphylococcus spp avaliados. Foram detectados os
quatro tipos de cassete mec analisados (I, II, III e IV), sendo o tipo I o que teve mais
ampla distribui??o entre as regi?es estudadas. Gene blaZ foi detectado em 5,2%
(13/250) dos isolados, sendo que nestes, todo o sistema blaZ-blaI- blaR1 foi detectado
em 23,1% (3/13) dos isolados.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1916 |
| Date | 16 March 2012 |
| Creators | Mendon?a, Elaine Concei??o Liporage de |
| Contributors | Souza, Miliane Moreira Soares de, Coelho, Shana de Mattos de Oliveira, Senna, Jos? Proc?pio Moreno, Nascimento, Elmiro Rosendo do |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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