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Previous issue date: 2005-12-08 / This work seeks to relate the ressurgence and protagonism of the peasant movements
on the space of world articulation and alternatives building to neoliberalism,
identified with the World Social Forum (WSF) process. On the peasants discourse to
globalization in this context, the opposition to the genetically modified organisms
(transgenics) in its introduction in agriculture has served as a catalytic element and
mobilized other movements and segments of civil society, beyond the farms and rural
areas. Such effect is due to the political characterization in framing the introduction of
this technology; this has been obtained exceedingly by the peasant s discourse on
defense of its territories and the Food Sovereignty of peoples and States, facing the
control of the global agro-food systems by some few transnational corporations of the
sector, as in the emblematic case of transgenic soy, the Monsanto company. Located
within the macro debate on agriculture liberalization in the World Trade Organization
(WTO); the juridical international framework to protect intellectual property; and the
risks of genetic contamination of ecosystems, the opposition to transgenics in
agriculture offers a red thread to comprehend the dynamics of how capitalism operates
today. In the process through peasants became proletarians, the genetic control and
privatization of the seeds serve as a corner stone. In this sense, transgenics update and
give new meaning to the nucleus of themes and problems known for the marxist
tradition as the Agrarian Question. Also, the peasant movements restate to theoretical
framing the centrality of the labor process in apprehending the contradictions in reality,
highlighting the ecological dimensions, and qualifying the productive activity that
directly transforms nature; from there it is associated a critic to the ideology of
technological progress as if dissociated of a political project. These imbrications are
specially suitable to recover Marx today, freed from Marxism, seeking to update the
critical perspective of political economy in relation to the contemporary concept of
environmental rationality, thus incorporating the ecological dimension to politics as to
economy. In this view, the peasant movements would be on the avant-garde of
contesting the capitalist structures of production, as would they be pointing to on the
interface of politics and ecology the ways to build a socialist project for the XXI
century. / Este trabalho trata de relacionar a emerg?ncia e o protagonismo dos
movimentos camponeses no espa?o de articula??o mundial de constru??o de
alternativas ao neoliberalismo, identificado no processo do F?rum Social Mundial
(FSM). No discurso ? globaliza??o dos camponeses nesse contexto, o tema da
oposi??o aos organismos geneticamente modificados (transg?nicos) em sua introdu??o
na agricultura tem servido de elemento catalisador e mobilizado outros movimentos e
grupos da sociedade civil, para al?m do campo e do rural. Este efeito deve-se ?
caracteriza??o pol?tica da introdu??o dessa tecnologia, lograda sobremaneira no
discurso campon?s em defesa dos territ?rios e da soberania alimentar dos povos e dos
Estados nacionais frente ao controle do sistema agroalimentar mundial por algumas
empresas transnacionais do setor, como no caso emblem?tico da soja transg?nica, a
Monsanto. Inserida no debate macro das negocia??es agr?colas no ?mbito da
Organiza??o Mundial do Com?rcio (OMC), do marco jur?dico internacional de
prote??o da propriedade intelectual e dos riscos ambientais da contamina??o gen?tica
dos ecossistemas, a oposi??o aos transg?nicos na agricultura oferece um fio condutor
para compreender a din?mica de funcionamento do capitalismo hoje, onde a
proletariza??o dos camponeses, com o controle gen?tico e a privatiza??o das sementes,
serve de pedra de toque. Dessa forma, os transg?nicos atualizam e ressignificam o
n?cleo de temas e problemas que ficou conhecido na tradi??o marxista como a
Quest?o Agr?ria. Ainda, os movimentos camponeses reafirmam para a
problematiza??o te?rica a centralidade do trabalho na apreens?o das contradi??es da
realidade, ressaltando a dimens?o ecol?gica, na qualifica??o do processo produtivo
que diretamente transforma a natureza, incluindo desde a? a cr?tica ? ideologia do
progresso tecnol?gico como dissociado de um projeto pol?tico. Esta imbrica??o ?
especialmente oportuna para recuperar Marx hoje, depurado do marxismo, buscando
atualizar a perspectiva cr?tica da economia pol?tica em rela??o ao conceito
contempor?neo de racionalidade ambiental, incorporando a dimens?o da ecologia ?
pol?tica tanto como ? economia. Nessa leitura, os movimentos camponeses estariam na
vanguarda da contesta??o ?s estruturas de produ??o capitalistas hoje, bem como
apontariam, na indissociabilidade entre ecologia e pol?tica, os rumos de constru??o de
um projeto socialista para o s?culo XXI.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/629 |
| Date | 08 December 2005 |
| Creators | Moreno, Camila |
| Contributors | Alimonda, H?ctor |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, UFRRJ, Brasil, Ci?ncias Sociais Aplicadas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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