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Previous issue date: 2008-09-17 / The objective of this thesis is to verify whether the economic growth generated in two productive
systems, in Petrolina/Juazeiro, Brazil, and the one in the Sixth Region, in Chile, from 1990 to
2005, was sufficiently able to generate overflowing effects in order to promote local
development. It is postulated in this paper that the economic growth will render benefits to the
population only with the intervention and regulation on the part of the State, which will make
investments in other areas feasible. For example, investments in areas as education and the health
system, as a mean to diminish social conflicts or tensions within the fruit export sector of the two
mentioned productive systems. In order that such objective is fulfilled, with a view to confirm or
not the postulate, this work was divided into five chapters, introduction and the conclusion
paragraphs not included. In the first chapter, literature on the subject is revised, which aims to
verify the state of the art of studies about enterprise clusterings and their interaction with the
environment they are established in. The second chapter presents a qualitative analysis about the
competitiveness of the global fruit chain market, emphasizing the importance of ties and local
impact with global actors. The third chapter compares the Brazilian and the Chilean fruit
production, taking into account each country s history and trajectory. The fourth, comprehends
the empirical phase of the thesis, based on the application of the research tools, which is
contained in the economical-productive characterization of the two productive systems with a
competitiveness point of view. A brief analysis about work relationship in the two productive
clusters has also been done. In the fifth chapter, the idea of development as a socioeconomic
process is defended, which will fully verify whether the wellbeing of the local population has
been met. The economical aspects were analyzed by means of two indicators: a) physical
productivity of work and b) level of openness to foreign affairs. The IDH/PNUD premises were
used in order to verify whether economic growth has provoked sufficient overflowing to promote
human development in the studied areas. At last, it is concluded that even in other, distant lands,
there are similarities between the productive processes of the two systems, mainly in what
accounts for the availability of resources and the role that the State plays, bestowing privileges to
some social segments to the detriment of other segments. In respect to the kind of insertion in the
national and global fresh fruit markets, the two localities have different styles as to institutional,
social and historical characteristics in each of their regions. This study made it possible to
confirm the hypothesis that it is possible to verify the spillover effect under the current
entrepreneurial view in respect to the productive system studied. With a view to the remarkable
actuation of large national and foreign companies in the global fruit supply chain, and if there is
no direct intervention of the State as the main driver of development, through efficient public
policies, this discussion about clustering of enterprises and people development may remain
empty, considering that the market has not been sufficiently able to promote human development. / O objetivo principal da tese ? verificar se o crescimento econ?mico gerado nos dois sistemas
produtivos, em Petrolina/Juazeiro, no Brasil e na Sexta Regi?o, no Chile, no per?odo
compreendido entre 1990 e 2005, foi suficiente para gerar efeitos de transbordamentos para
promover o desenvolvimento das localidades. Parte-se do pressuposto que o crescimento
econ?mico s? se traduzir? em benef?cios para a popula??o se houver interven??o e regula??o do
Estado, viabilizando investimentos em outras ?reas como, por exemplo, educa??o e sa?de, como
forma de diminuir as tens?es sociais no setor exportador de frutas dos dois agrupamentos
produtivos em quest?o. A metodologia aborda uma revis?o na literatura, objetivando verificar o
estado da arte dos estudos sobre a aglomera??o de empresas e a sua intera??o com o local; uma
an?lise qualitativa sobre a competitividade da cadeia global da fruta, enfatizando a import?ncia
dos v?nculos e impactos locais com os atores globais; compara??o da fruticultura brasileira com a
chilena, observando-se a historiografia de cada pa?s e suas respectivas trajet?rias; caracteriza??o
econ?mico-produtiva dos dois sistemas produtivos, sob o ponto de vista da competitividade,
atrav?s de entrevistas e aplica??o de question?rio; ? feita tamb?m uma breve an?lise sobre as
rela??es de trabalho nos dois agrupamentos produtivos. Os aspectos econ?micos foram
analisados por meio de dois indicadores: a) produtividade f?sica do trabalho e b) grau de abertura
para o exterior. Para verificar se o crescimento econ?mico gerou transbordamentos suficientes
para promover o desenvolvimento humano nas ?reas de estudo, utilizaram-se as premissas do
IDH/PNUD. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo em lugares distantes, h? similaridades nos
processos produtivos dos dois sistemas, principalmente, no que se refere ? disponibilidade de
recursos e ao papel do Estado, privilegiando alguns segmentos sociais em detrimento de outros.
Quanto ? inser??o nos mercados nacionais e globais de frutas frescas, as duas localidades se
inserem de forma diferenciada conforme as caracter?sticas institucionais, sociais e hist?ricas de
cada regi?o. O estudo permitiu confirmar a hip?tese de que ? imposs?vel verificar efeito de
transbordamento com a mentalidade empresarial vigente nos sistemas produtivos estudados.
Tendo em vista a atua??o marcante de grandes empresas nacionais e estrangeiras, voltadas para o
suprimento da cadeia global de frutas, se n?o houver a interven??o direta do Estado como o
principal indutor do desenvolvimento, por meio de pol?ticas p?blicas eficazes, a discuss?o sobre
agrupamentos de empresas e desenvolvimento das pessoas ser? vazia, visto que,
comprovadamente, o mercado n?o ? suficiente para promover o desenvolvimento humano.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/645 |
| Date | 17 September 2008 |
| Creators | Coelho, Hilbernon Fernandes |
| Contributors | Leite, Sergio Pereira |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, UFRRJ, Brasil, Ci?ncias Sociais Aplicadas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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