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Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Coastal and marine protected areas are created to protect habitat, avoid biodiversity loss, and to help maintain viable fisheries. However, most of these areas in tropical countries occurs in impoverished regions and directly affect the livelihood and survival of coastal communities which directly depend on fisheries and shellfisheries. Therefore, socioeconomic and conservation goals overlap. In this context, fishers should have a central place in resource management. They are critical resource users and their behavior directly affects the system. Shellfish resources are important sources of food, employment and income to fishing communities in Latin America. But despite its widespread use for food and income, there is an urgent need of more research on shellfish management. This research discusses the artisanal fisheries of Venus clam (Anomalocardia brasiliana) (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia: Veneridae) in Brazil, and points out strategies to improve the system. Venus clam is a small and commonly exploited species for food and income on the Brazilian coast. This research was carried out at Ponta do Tubar?o Sustainable Development Reserve (Brazilian Northeast coast), where there was no information available about who harvest, where or how much Venus clam has been harvested, despite this resource being exploited for generations. Clam fishery follows the pattern of socio-economic invisibility that general clam exploitation has in Brazil. Methods used were interviews, participatory monitoring and focal follow observation from January 2010 to May 2011. Results include: (a) the identification of shell fishers, (b) how harvest and meat processing are performed (mollusk beds, time spent, gross and net production), (c) the analisis of shell fisher income and their economic sustentability, and (d) the involvement of shell fisher families in data gathering and analyses for the first time. Based on the acquired knowledge, we propose a new institutional arrangement for clam fishery including co-management, fisheries agreement, compensatory arrangements and improvements for the Venus clam value chain such as the establishment of a minimum price for clam meat. This research also includes two other results: a general description for Venus clam harvesting in the Brazilian Northeast coast and a specific discussion about co-management of Venus clam in Brazil. The first one was possible through the meeting of several shell fisherwomen from other states during activities promoted by People of the Tides (PoT) project. PoT was an international initiative aiming to develop coastal communities that depend on mollusk for their livelihood. The second one is a comparison between PoT and Venus clam management at Pirajuba? Marine Extractive Reserve (Santa Catarina). It evaluates the success and failures of these only two initiatives involving co-management of A. brasiliana in Brazil / ?reas Protegidas costeiras e marinhas s?o criadas para conservar a biodiversidade e manter os recursos pesqueiros. No entanto, muitas vezes envolvem comunidades litor?neas em situa??o de pobreza e que t?m a pesca (e a mariscagem) como principal fonte de alimento e renda. Assim, objetivos econ?micos, sociais e de conserva??o se sobrep?em. Neste processo, entender o comportamento dos pescadores ? essencial, j? que s?o usu?rios diretos dos recursos marinhos e seu comportamento afeta o sistema pesqueiro. Apesar da pesca de invertebrados fazer parte da historia de ocupa??o humana das ?reas costeiras e ser importante fonte de alimento e renda na America Latina, faltam pesquisas para o manejo destes recursos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender a pesca artesanal do b?zio Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia: Veneridae), molusco bivalve com alto valor social no nordeste brasileiro, e propor estrat?gias de manejo participativo para o mesmo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o (RDSEPT, RN), onde pouco se conhecia sobre a forma de explora??o desta esp?cie e seus usu?rios, seguindo o padr?o nacional de invisibilidade que a atividade tem no Brasil. Atrav?s de entrevistas, monitoramento participativo e acompanhamento da pesca no per?odo de janeiro/2010 a maio/2011, foi poss?vel: a) identificar quem mariscava (perfil e frequ?ncia na mar?), b) registrar a pesca (os locais e formas de extra??o, as quantidades extra?das, as formas de beneficiamento e o tempo gasto na atividade), c) discutir a sustentabilidade socio econ?mica da atividade, e d) envolver as fam?lias no levantamento e an?lise de dados. Com o conhecimento gerado recomenda-se um arranjo institucional participativo para a mariscagem, envolvendo co-manejo, acordo de pesca, defeso diferenciado e melhorias para a cadeia produtiva do b?zio (como pre?o m?nimo para a carne, fortalecimento de redes de produtores e campanhas de valoriza??o do produto). A partir do envolvimento com outras comunidades marisqueiras, foi tamb?m poss?vel fazer uma descri??o detalhada sobre como a mariscagem acontece no Nordeste brasileiro. Por fim, comparando-se a experi?ncia do Projeto Gente da Mar?, envolvendo comunidades marisqueiras no Nordeste brasileiro, e a da implanta??o da Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajuba? (SC), analisou-se os avan?os e as dificuldades existentes nas iniciativas que envolveram co-manejo de A. brasiliana no Brasil
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/18719 |
| Date | 28 February 2013 |
| Creators | Rocha, Ligia Moreira da |
| Contributors | CPF:84815841772, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504391027763184, Carvalho, Adriana Rosa, CPF:10966352831, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1951710128353552, Silvano, Renato Azevedo Matias, CPF:21245552864, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8546785979905053, Costa, Rodrigo Silva da, CPF:92035116015, Leite, Tatiana Silva, CPF:02270395484, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1003039770050759, Begossi, Alpina |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ecologia, UFRN, BR, Bioecologia Aqu?tica |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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