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Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / O setor t?xtil ? um dos principais respons?veis pela gera??o de efluentes
industriais devido, principalmente, aos grandes volumes de ?gua, que apresentam
elevado teor de carga org?nica. Neste, observa-se a presen?a de corantes, tensoativos,
amido, alco?is, ?cido ac?tico e outros constituintes, provenientes das v?rias etapas de
processamento do material t?xtil. Diante disto, o tratamento destes efluentes ?
necess?rio antes de lan??-los nos corpos de ?gua, pois podem causar altera??es f?sicoqu?micas
desastrosas para o meio ambiente. Os tensoativos s?o subst?ncias muito
utilizadas nos processos de separa??o e, neste trabalho, foram utilizados no tratamento
de efluentes t?xteis, aplicando a extra??o por ponto de nuvem e a extra??o por
flocula??o i?nica. Na extra??o de corante reativo por ponto de nuvem foi utilizado o
tensoativo nonilfenol, com grau de etoxila??o 9,5. A avalia??o do processo foi
realizada em termos da temperatura, concentra??o de tensoativo e de corante. Neste
processo, a remo??o de corante alcan?ou 91%. A flocula??o i?nica ocorre devido ?
presen?a de c?lcio, que reage com tensoativo ani?nico e forma tensoativos insol?veis,
capazes de atrair a mat?ria org?nica atrav?s da adsor??o. Neste trabalho, a flocula??o
i?nica, utilizando sab?o base, foi aplicada ao tratamento de efluente sint?tico contendo
corantes pertencentes a tr?s classes: os diretos, reativos e dispersos. A avalia??o do
processo foi realizada pela influ?ncia dos seguintes par?metros: concentra??o de
tensoativo e de eletr?litos, velocidade de agita??o, tempo de repouso, temperatura e
pH. A flocula??o do tensoativo foi realizada de dois modos: formando o floco no
pr?prio efluente e formando o floco antes de mistur?-lo ao efluente. A remo??o do
corante direto e reativo, quando o floco ? formado dentro do efluente t?xtil, foi de 97%
e 87%, respectivamente. No caso em que o floco ? formado antes de adicion?-lo ao
efluente a remo??o de corante direto e disperso alcan?ou 92% e 87%, respectivamente.
Estes resultados mostram que os processos avaliados foram eficientes para remo??o de
corantes em efluentes t?xteis. / The textile sector is one of the main contributors to the generation of
industrial wastewaters due to the use of large volumes of water, which has a high
organic load content. In these, it is observed to the presence of dyes, surfactants, starch,
alcohols, acetic acid and other constituents, from the various processing steps of the
textiles. Hence, the treatment of textile wastewater becomes fundamental before
releasing it into water bodies, where they can cause disastrous physical-chemical
changes for the environment. Surfactants are substances widely used in separation
processes and their use for treating textile wastewaters was evaluated in this research
by applying the cloud point extraction and the ionic flocculation. In the cloud point
extraction was used as surfactant nonylphenol with 9.5 ethoxylation degree to remove
reactive dye. The process evaluation was performed in terms of temperature, surfactant
and dye concentrations. The dye removal reached 91%. The ionic flocculation occurs
due to the presence of calcium, which reacts with anionic surfactant to form insoluble
surfactants capable of attracting the organic matter by adsorption. In this work the ionic
flocculation using base soap was applied to the treatment of synthetic wastewater
containing dyes belonging to three classes: direct, reactive, and disperse. It was
evaluated by the influence of the following parameters: surfactant and electrolyte
concentrations, stirring speed, equilibrium time, temperature, and pH. The flocculation
of the surfactant was carried out in two ways: forming the floc in the effluent itself and
forming the floc before mixing it to the effluent. Removal of reactive and direct dye,
when the floc is formed into textile effluent was 97% and 87%, respectively. In the
case where the floc is formed prior to adding it to the effluent, the removal to direct and
disperse dye reached 92% and 87%, respectively. These results show the efficience of
the evaluated processes for dye removal from textile wastewaters.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19899 |
| Date | 23 April 2015 |
| Creators | Melo, Ricardo Paulo Fonseca |
| Contributors | 59545844434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2811639726261017, Beltrame, Leoc?dia Terezinha Cordeiro, 38855763920, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127762636779912, Albuquerque, Liana Filgueira, 44323581491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8259087042517666, Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar, 21414130368, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613318563806519, Nunes, Shirlle Katia da Silva, 02757549448, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7890000571911617, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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