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Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A ind?stria do petr?leo ? uma das atividades que mais gera res?duos ao meio
ambiente. O cascalho de perfura??o ? um res?duo gerado em grande quantidade no processo
de perfura??o de po?os e que pode provocar impactos ambientais, tais como a contamina??o
do solo e consequentemente a contamina??o de len??is fre?ticos, caso descartados sem
tratamento pr?vio. Surge ? necessidade de se desenvolver atividades cient?ficas e de pesquisar
maneiras de adequar esses res?duos as normas ambientais vigentes. No caso dos res?duos
s?lidos, a norma NBR 10004:2004 da Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas (ABNT)
classifica-os em res?duos classe I (perigoso) e classe II (n?o perigoso), onde estabelece quais
os res?duos que podem ou n?o ser descartados no meio ambiente sem provocar impacto
ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta uma inovadora alternativa para tratar o cascalho de
perfura??o, que ? classificado como res?duo classe I (Abreu & Souza, 2005), removendo
principalmente a n-parafina presente no mesmo, uma vez que este ? originado quando se usa
fluidos de perfura??o base ?leo. Utilizando sistemas microemulsionados promove-se a
remo??o deste contaminante de amostras de cascalho de perfura??o provenientes de po?os
localizados em Alto do Rodrigues ? RN. Inicialmente, determinou-se a concentra??o de
parafina utilizando o m?todo de infravermelho, em amostras previamente extra?das com
ultrassom, obteve-se uma concentra??o de parafina na faixa de 36,59 a 43,52 g de parafina
por quilograma de cascalho. Utilizou-se dois sistemas microemulsionados contendo dois
tensoativos n?o i?nicos de diferentes classes, um ? um ?lcool etoxilado (UNTL-90) e o outro
um nonifenol etoxilado (RNX 110). Os resultados indicaram que o sistema com tensoativo
UNTL-90 possui melhor efici?ncia que o sistema com RNX 110. O estudo da influ?ncia do
tempo de contato na extra??o mostrou que para tempos maiores que 25 minutos tem-se uma
tend?ncia ao aumento do percentual de extra??o com o aumento do tempo de contato.
Observou-se tamb?m que a extra??o ? r?pida, pois em 1 minutos de contato tem-se 22,7 % de
extra??o. A reutiliza??o do sistema microemulsionado, sem a remo??o da parafina extra?da
em etapas anteriores, mostrou redu??o de 29,32 no percentual de extra??o comparando a
primeira e a terceira extra??o, mas comparando a primeira e segunda extra??es a redu??o ? de
8,5 no percentual de extra??o, logo a otimiza??o da reutiliza??o dos sistemas pode ser uma
op??o para viabilizar economicamente a remo??o de parafina de cascalho. A extra??o com
agita??o se mostrou mais eficaz no tratamento do cascalho, atingindo o percentual de extra??o
de 87,04 %, ou seja, se obt?m um cascalho de perfura??o com 0,551 % de parafina.
Utilizando o percentual de parafina empregado nos fluidos de perfura??o n?o aquosos e o
limite m?ximo de fluido no cascalho para descarte estabelecido pela Ag?ncia de Prote??o
Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (US Environmental Protection Agency - US EPA), chega-se ?
conclus?o que o teor de parafina no cascalho n?o pode ser superior a 3,93 %. Conclui-se que a
quantidade de parafina no cascalho tratado com o sistema microemulsionado e com agita??o
est? bem abaixo do estabelecido pelo ?rg?o americano (US EPA), mostrando que o sistema
microemulsionado utilizado foi eficiente na remo??o da parafina do cascalho de perfura??o. / The oil industry is one of the activities that generates more waste to the
environment. The drill cuttings is a waste generated in large quantities in the drilling process
and that may cause environmental damage such as soil contamination and consequently the
contamination of groundwater if disposed of without prior treatment. Arises the need to
develop scientific activities and research ways to adapt these wastes the current environmental
standards. In the case of solid wastes, the NBR 10004: 2004 of the Brazilian Association of
Technical Standards (ABNT) classifies them into class I waste (hazardous) and class II (not
dangerous), which determines which wastes may or may not be discarded in the environment
without causing environmental impact. This study presents a novel alternative for treating
drill cuttings, where this waste was classified as class I (Abreu & Souza, 2005), mainly by
removing the n-paraffin present in it, since this arises when using drilling fluids base oil.
Using microemulsion systems promotes the removal of this contaminant drill cuttings
samples from wells located in Alto do Rodrigues - RN. Initially, we determined the
concentration of paraffin using infrared method in samples were extracted with ultrasound, we
obtained a paraffin concentration in the range from 36.59 to 43.52 g of paraffin per kilogram
of cuttings. Used two microemulsion systems containing two nonionic surfactants from
different classes, one is an alcohol ethoxylated (UNTL-90) and the other an nonylphenol
ethoxylated (RNX 110). The results indicated that the system UNTL-90 surfactant has better
efficiency than the system with RNX 110. The study of the influence of contact time at the
extraction showed that for times greater than 25 minutes has a tendency to increase the
percentage extraction with increasing contact time. It was also observed that the extraction is
fast because at 1 minute contact has 22.7% extraction. The reuse of the microemulsion system
without removing the paraffin extracted in previous steps, showed reduction of 29.32 in
percentage of extraction by comparing the first and third extraction, but by comparing the first
and second extractions reduction is 8.5 in percentage extraction, so the systems reuse
optimization can be an option for economically viable removing paraffin from cuttings. The
extraction with shaking is more effective in the treatment of cuttings, reaching the extraction
percentage of 87.04%, that is, obtaining a drill cuttings with 0.551% paraffin. Using the
percentage of paraffin employed in non-aqueous drilling fluids and fluid maximum limit on
cuttings for disposal established by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States
(US EPA), one arrives at the conclusion that the level of paraffin on gravel cannot exceed
3.93%. Conclude that the amount of paraffin in the treated cuttings with the microemulsion
system with shaking is below the established by US EPA, showing that the system used was
efficient in removing the paraffin from the drill cuttings.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/20026 |
| Date | 04 February 2015 |
| Creators | Silva, Daniel Nobre Nunes da |
| Contributors | 07286937391, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676872399141537, Ramalho, Adriana Margarida Zanbotto, 01082106429, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6174408042782421, Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino, 05641284491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2174051551046465, Santos, Zilvam Melo dos, 01211514412, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4514068026830748, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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