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Previous issue date: 2010-07-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As histonas de Trypanosoma cruzi sao bastante divergentes quando comparadas aos demais eucariotos, principalmente na porcao N-terminal, onde ocorrem modificacoes pos traducionais, que sao reconhecidamente essenciais para o controle da expressao genica e da arquitetura da cromatina. Entre estas modificacoes estao as acetilacoes das lisinas 4, 10 e 14 da histona H4 (H4K4ac, H4K10ac e H4K14ac). Nesta tese mostramos que a H4K4ac, que e a modificacao mais abundante, esta enriquecida em areas de cromatina densamente compactada, enquanto H4K10ac e H4K14ac localizam-se em regioes de cromatina menos densa, preferencialmente na interface entre a eucromatina e a heterocromatina. H4K4ac diminui nas formas nao replicativas e H4K14ac H4K14ac aumenta durante G2 e mitose do ciclo de divisao celular das formas replicativas. H4K10ac e H4K14ac aumentam e H4K4ac diminui no reparo de quebras de dupla fita do DNA. Ao mesmo tempo a superexpressao da proteina TcRad51, essencial para o processo de reparo de DNA por recombinacao homologa causa aumento de H4K10ac e H4K14ac. Quando as lisinas 4, 10 e 14 sao substituidas separadamente por argininas (H4K4R, H4K10R e H4K14R) para evitar a acetilacao sao expressas, elas sao incorporadas na cromatina e diminuem os niveis de cada modificacao. A expressao de H4K4R tem uma distribuicao diferente das histonas endogenas e H4K14R causa diminuicao de crescimento, com celulas acumulando na fase de mitose. Os mutantes de H4K10 e H4K14 ainda apresentam maior mortalidade quando submetidos a radiacao ƒ× que causa quebra de dupla fita de DNA. Tambem mostramos que a proteina TcBDF2, uma proteina que contem bromodomineo, reconhece preferencialmente H4K10ac. A funcao da TcBD2 e desconhecida, mas verificamos que ela aumenta apos exposicao dos parasitas a luz UV, sugerindo que esteja participando no reparo de DNA. Esses dados juntos fornecem evidencias de que cada uma das acetilacoes da histona H4 tem um papel distinto no T. cruzi. A acetilacao em K4 estaria envolvida na montagem da xiii cromatina na fase de replicacao. Ja as modificacoes em K10 e K14 estariam envolvidas com processos especificos de remodelagem da cromatina durante os eventos de reparo e eventualmente transcricao do DNA. / The Trypanosoma cruzi histones are very distinct from other eukaryotes, mainly in the N-terminus, where post translational modifications occur, which are essential for gene expression regulation and chromatin architecture. Among these modifications we found that lysines 4, 10 and 14 of H4 histone are acetylated (H4K4ac, and H4K10ac H4K14ac). In this thesis we show that the H4K4ac, which is the most abundant modification, is enriched in densely packed chromatin, while H4K10ac and H4K14ac are located in less dense chromatin, preferentially at the interface between euchromatin and heterochromatin. H4K4ac decreases in trypomastigote, which is the infective and non-dividing form of the parasite whileH4K14ac increases during G2 and mitosis of the cell cycle in replicative forms. H4K10ac and H4K14ac increases during DNA repair of double stranded breaks while H4K4ac decreases after DNA damage. TcRad51, an essential protein in the homologous recombination pathway, when overexpressed, increases the H4K10ac and H4K14ac levels. When the lysines 4, 10 and 14 are individually replaced by arginine (H4K4R, H4K10R and H4K14R) to prevent the acetylation, they are still incorporated into chromatin and decrease the specific modification level. The H4K4R location is different from the endogenous H4K4ac and the H4K14R expression causes growth reduction, with cells accumulating in mitosis. Mutants H4K10R and H4K14R also have high mortality rates after ƒ× irradiation that causes DNA double-stranded breaks. We also showed that TcBDF2 protein contains a bromodomain that recognizes preferentially H4K10ac. Although the TcBD2 function is unknown, it is increased after UV light exposure, suggesting its involvement in DNA repair. These data together provide evidence that each H4 acetylation has a distinct role in T. cruzi. Probably K4 is involved in chromatin assembly during replication while K10 and K14 acetylation appears to be involved in chromatin remodelling during DNA repair and maybe DNA transcription. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unifesp.br:11600/9540 |
| Date | 28 July 2010 |
| Creators | Nardelli, Sheila Cristina [UNIFESP] |
| Contributors | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Schenkman, Sergio [UNIFESP] |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | 131 f. |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP, instname:Universidade Federal de São Paulo, instacron:UNIFESP |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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