This research deals with the possibilities and challenges found towards the realization of the Teaching of Chemistry in the context of Indigenous School Education with the Bakairi of the Aturua Village in the State of Mato Grosso. From the understanding of how the Bakairi had a proper grasp of school and of the idea of culture, we aim at understanding, at first, the relation the group being observed maintains with school and school knowledge and, then, focussing on the reality concerning the Teaching of Chemistry in such a context. In order to come to conclusions in the present research, we counted on the definition of culture by Geertz. Based on Bakhtin s propositions, we aimed at understanding how the speech act occurs and how the meaning of the speech acts of the students being investigated is
constructed. We also counted on the notion of relation with knowledge, proposed by Charlot, and with the notion of rupture and epistemological obstacles, proposed by Bachelard. As to the characterization of scientific language, more specifically the chemical language, the definitions proposed by Mortimer were the ones employed. The notion of enculturation was also based on Mortimer s propositions. The data was collected through observations, drawings, individual and collective interviews. Based on these theoretical assumptions, we analyzed the different explanations given by High School students to themes explained by Science as chemical transformations. Fishing with timbó vine was chosen to do so. More specifically, we aimed at understanding, at first, how the discourses of the indigenous quotidian and the ones of science/school appeared and had a dialogue towards the production of what the subjects that take part in the research said. We aimed at identifying the challenges and possibilities towards the construction of school chemical knowledge. In this respect, it can be said that the relation these students and other members of the community maintain with school is associated with the idea of learning how to be someone and school knowledge is mainly placed towards the relation with the non-indigenous knowledge. Most pieces of information given at school are not questionable in their validation field: school environment, the white space. School chemical knowledge is worked according to the logic of didactic books, which brings, as a consequence, the gap between chemical knowledge and quotidian bakairi knowledge. Such a gap and the logic of didactic books lead towards the creation of obstacles instead of enabling students to learn school chemical knowledge. Students discourses, on their turn, showed the necessity of searching for new forms of explaining fishing with timbó vine and the action of the poison, which go beyond pragmatic explanations and the ones connected with mythological aspects. To do so they marked the area of validation of each explanation. To explain fishing with timbó vine and the action of the poison, students turned to their quotidian knowledge and the language which was characteristic of their cultural dimension, which, so far, have been enough when it comes to the explanation and realization of such an activity. However, this language and the
conceptual tools which are made available for students by the school are not able to explain such phenomena, from the viewpoint of convergence with scientific explanation. It can be concluded that school chemical knowledge is very distant from the quotidian existence of these students. Based on their discourses, possible obstacles are shown in this teaching modality when it comes to the teaching of school chemical knowledge, but possibilities which can promote a process of teaching which contributes to have students access such a cultural dimension are also revealed. / Esta pesquisa trata das possibilidades e dos desafios encontrados na efetivação do Ensino de Química no contexto da Educação Escolar Indígena junto aos Bakairi da Aldeia Aturua no Estado de Mato Grosso. Tem como objetivo geral compreender as possibilidades e desafios encontrados na efetivação do Ensino de Química no contexto da Educação Escolar Indígena junto aos Bakairi da Aldeia Aturua no Estado de Mato Grosso. Como objetivos específicos elencamos os seguintes: analisar a relação que o grupo investigado mantém com a escola e com os conhecimentos escolares , principalmente, os conhecimentos químicos escolares; entender como os discursos do cotidiano indígena e os da ciência/escola aparecem e dialogam na produção dos enunciados dos sujeitos pesquisados; identificar as possibilidades e os desafios para a construção dos conhecimentos químicos escolares nessa realidade escolar. Para se chegar ao que constatamos nesta pesquisa, contamos com este aporte
teórico: a noção de cultura de Geertz, postulados de Bakhtin acerca do enunciado; a relação com o saber proposta por Charlot; com a conceito da estrutura da vida cotidiana de Hellerd, com a noção de enculturação discutida por Mortimer. Em se tratando da coleta dos dados, foram realizadas, por meio de observações, desenhos, entrevistas individuais e entrevistas coletivas. Com esses pressupostos elencamos nesta pesquisa as diferentes explicações apresentadas pelos membros da comunidade, professores e os alunos do Ensino Médio para temas explicados pela Ciência como transformação química. Escolhemos para isso a pesca com o timbó. Nesse sentido, constatamos que a relação que esses alunos e demais membros da comunidade mantêm com a escola está vinculada ao aprender a ser alguém e os conhecimentos escolares são colocados, sobretudo, em função da relação com os não indígenas. As informações veiculadas pela escola, em sua maioria, são inquestionáveis em
seu campo de validação: o espaço escolar, o espaço do branco . Os conhecimentos químicos escolares são trabalhados segundo a lógica do livro didático, que traz como consequência o distanciamento entre os conhecimentos químicos e os conhecimentos bakairi cotidianos. Os
enunciados dos alunos, por sua vez, evidenciaram uma busca por outras formas de explicar a pesca com o timbó e o efeito do veneno, que vão além das explicações cotidianas. Demarcaram para isso a área de validação de cada explicação. Concluímos que os conhecimentos químicos estão distantes do cotidiano escolar. A partir de seus enunciados, colocamos possibilidades para um processo de ensino que contribua para o acesso a essa dimensão cultural. Mas, ressaltamos a importância de inserir nas aulas de Ciências Naturais/Química os conhecimentos cotidianos bakairi.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:ri.ufs.br:riufs/4749 |
| Date | 07 May 2012 |
| Creators | Lopes, Edinéia Tavares |
| Contributors | Charlot, Bernard |
| Publisher | Pós-Graduação em Educação |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, instname:Universidade Federal de Sergipe, instacron:UFS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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