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Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Studies on diversity and biology of insects colonizing carcasses exposed to the natural environment have gradually increased and contributed to the development of forensic entomology in Brazil. These surveys provide information that may assist in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) and in the resolution of other issues related to the legal scope. This study aimed to characterize the fauna of insects associated with exposed pig carcasses in the region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, relating the effects of biotic and abiotic factors to the community of these organisms. In addition, alternative methodologies were investigated, based on DNA barcode analysis, to identify species of necrophagous Diptera of forensic interest for the study site. Experiments were conducted in the months of January and September of 2014, relating them to hot and dry and cold and wet seasons, respectively. As experimental model, domestic male pigs of approximately 12 kg were used. Immediately after death, carcasses were placed in metal cages under a modified "Shannon" trap. For sampling adult insects, active collections of winged insects were made and pitfall traps were used for the terrestrial ones. For the collection of immature insects, trays containing sawdust were placed under the carcass. The tray?s contents were later removed and transferred to plastic pots with an organza cover to allow them to cramp and complete their development until emergence. Collections were performed daily, as well as photographic records to characterize the stages of decomposition. Abiotic data such as temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). In total, 16.321 insects belonging to orders Diptera (78 species) and Coleoptera (56 species) were collected. Four stages of decomposition were recognized: fresh, bloated, decay and dry. In the hot and dry season with temperature averages of 31.3? C, relative air humidity of 55.3% and total rainfall of 13.1 mm, the decomposition occurred in 10 days, and 2.326 specimens were collected. In the cold and wet season, with temperature averages of 19.3? C, humidity of 78.4% and total precipitation of 161.4 mm, the decomposition lasted 34 days, and 13.995 specimens were collected. Diptera was predominant in both seasons and represented the only order of insects that used the carcass as a resource for the development of their offspring, including those belonging to the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae. Beetle diversity was higher in the cold and wet season, with representatives of Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae), Euspilotus azureus (Histeridae) and Oxelytrum discicolle (Silphidae). Differing from other similar studies in the hot and dry season, there was an increase in the number of accidental insects (Chrysomelidae), a fact that can be attributed to the high temperatures recorded, evidencing the strong influence of abiotic factors on the diversity of the community of insects that colonized the carcasses. For the molecular characterization, 40 male individuals of seven species of flesh flies of forensic interest were morphologically determined previously. Fragments were obtained from the COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) region of the mitochondrial DNA of approximately 595bp length, which were useful for differentiation and characterization of the different taxa proposed here.Thus, the results obtained here evidenced the importance of regional studies on taxa of forensic importance, mainly due to the biotic and abiotic influences on the local community associated with the carcasses. / Estudos sobre a diversidade e biologia de insetos que colonizam carca?as expostas ao ambiente natural t?m aumentado gradativamente e contribu?do para o fomento da entomologia forense no Brasil. Essas pesquisas trazem informa??es que podem auxiliar na estimativa do intervalo p?s-morte (IPM) e na resolu??o de outras quest?es relacionadas ao ?mbito legal. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fauna de insetos associados a carca?as de su?nos expostas na regi?o de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, relacionando os efeitos dos fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos sobre a comunidade destes organismos. Adicionalmente, foram investigadas metodologias alternativas, a partir da an?lise do DNA barcode, para identifica??o de esp?cies de d?pteros necr?fagos de interesse forense para o local de estudo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos meses de janeiro e setembro de 2014, relacionando-os as esta??es quente e seca e fria e ?mida, respectivamente. Como modelo experimental foram utilizados su?nos dom?sticos machos de aproximadamente 12 kg. Imediatamente ap?s a morte as carca?as foram dispostas em gaiolas met?licas sob uma armadilha modificada do tipo ?Shannon?. Para a amostragem dos insetos adultos foram feitas coletas ativas para insetos alados e armadilhas de queda do tipo pitfall para os terrestres. Para a coleta de imaturos foram dispostas bandejas sob a carca?a contendo serragem, a qual tinha seu conte?do removido e transferido para potes pl?sticos com cobertura de organza para permitir que empupassem e completassem seu desenvolvimento at? a emerg?ncia. As coletas foram realizadas diariamente, assim como os registros fotogr?ficos para caracteriza??o dos est?gios de decomposi??o. Dados abi?ticos tais como temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipita??o foram obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Ao todo foram coletados 16.321 insetos pertencentes ?s ordens Diptera (78 esp?cies) e Coleoptera (56 esp?cies). Quatro est?gios de decomposi??o foram reconhecidos: fresco, gasoso, avan?ado e seco. Na esta??o quente e seca, com m?dias de temperatura de 31,3 ?C, umidade relativa do ar de 55,3% e precipita??o total de 13,1mm, a decomposi??o ocorreu em 10 dias, tendo sido coletados 2.326 esp?cimes. J? na esta??o fria e ?mida, com m?dias de temperatura de 19,3 ?C, umidade de 78,4% e precipita??o total de 161,4mm, a decomposi??o durou 34 dias, tendo sido coletados 13.995 esp?cimes. Diptera foi predominante em ambas as esta??es e representou a ?nica ordem de insetos que utilizou a carca?a como recurso para o desenvolvimento de sua prole, dentre os quais aqueles pertencentes ?s fam?lias Calliphoridae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. A diversidade de besouros foi maior na esta??o fria e ?mida, com representatividade de Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae), Euspilotus azureus (Histeridae) e Oxelytrum discicolle (Silphidae). Diferindo de outros estudos semelhantes ocorridos na esta??o quente e seca, houve maior abund?ncia de insetos acidentais (Chrysomelidae), fato que pode ser atribu?do as altas temperaturas registradas, evidenciando a forte influ?ncia dos fatores abi?ticos sobre a diversidade da comunidade de insetos que colonizaram as carca?as. Para a caracteriza??o molecular foram previamente determinados morfologicamente 40 indiv?duos machos de sete esp?cies de sarcofag?deos de interesse forense. Foram obtidos fragmentos da regi?o COI (citocromo oxidase I) do DNA mitocondrial de aproximadamente 595 pb, os quais se mostraram ?teis para diferencia??o e caracteriza??o dos distintos t?xons aqui propostos. Dessa forma, os resultados aqui obtidos evidenciam a import?ncia de estudos regionais sobre os t?xons de import?ncia forense, sobretudo decorrente das influ?ncias abi?ticas sobre a comunidade local associada ?s carca?as.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7705 |
| Date | 23 March 2017 |
| Creators | Ries, Ana Carolina Reimann |
| Contributors | Blochtein, Betina |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zoologia, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2008925231902741151, 600, 600, 600, 600, 36528317262667714, -6482652380601267558, 2075167498588264571 |
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