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Previous issue date: 2014-11-24 / The processes of investigation and production of evidence in cases of suspected sexual abuse are complex, given the frequent absence of eye witnesses and physical and biological signs, as well as the possibility of false allegations. Thus, a set of techniques and tools is required for assessing the child or adolescent with suspected sexual abuse, providing professionals with valid investigative resources for identifying abusive situations as well as their impact on the health of victims. The aim of this study was to assess psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. The thesis is divided into four studies, two theoretical and two empirical. Theoretical Study 1, entitled Forensic psychological examination in child and adolescent sexual abuse , reviewed the role of forensic psychological assessment in sexual molestation of children and adolescents. Theoretical Study 2, named Post-traumatic reactions in children: How, why and which aspects assess? , discussed the clinical assessment of posttraumatic reactions in children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events, including issues related to symptom manifestation, long-term consequences and availability of assessment instruments. Empirical Study 1 investigated the use of psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. Empirical Study 2 aimed to identify factors associated with the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in child and adolescent victims of maltreatment. The set of theoretical and empirical studies indicate that (1) forensic psychological assessment should integrate different sources of information and indicators, for some of the latter may be contradictory or nonspecific; (2) the early assessment of posttraumatic reactions is key for detecting risk factors and indicating different interventions, serving as a source of secondary prevention; (3) assessment of sexual concerns should be included, among other indicators, in forensic procedures for children with suspected sexual abuse; and (4) investigation of posttraumatic cognitions should be included in assessment protocols of posttraumatic symptoms, even for children exposed to recurrent trauma, as is the case in sexual abuse and other situations of maltreatment. Therefore, the findings of this study comprehensively indicate the need for caution when considering the high individual variability in reactions associated with sexual abuse. Although there is no single symptom framework for characterizing victims, it is pertinent to assess physical, emotional and behavioral alterations triggered or aggravated by abusive events, as well as the child report and familiar and social contexts. Thus, utilizing multiple indicators and information sources may increment forensic evidence by adding conviction elements to accept or reject hypotheses, minimizing the occurrence of both false-positive and false-negative errors / A investiga??o e a produ??o de prova em casos de suspeita de abuso sexual s?o processos complexos, tanto pela frequente aus?ncia de testemunhas oculares, vest?gios f?sicos e biol?gicos, como pela possibilidade de falsas den?ncias. Assim, um conjunto de t?cnicas e instrumentos precisa ser empregado na avalia??o da crian?a ou do adolescente supostamente v?timas de abuso sexual, munindo os profissionais de recursos investigativos v?lidos para a identifica??o da situa??o abusiva, bem como o seu impacto na sa?de das v?timas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. A tese de doutorado est? organizada em quatro estudos, sendo dois te?ricos e dois emp?ricos. O Estudo Te?rico 1 intitulado Per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual de crian?as e adolescentes revisou o papel da per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual infanto-juvenil. O Estudo Te?rico 2 denominado Rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as: Como, por que e quais aspectos avaliar? discutiu a avalia??o cl?nica das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as e adolescentes expostos a situa??es traum?ticas, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? manifesta??o dos sintomas, ?s consequ?ncias a longo prazo e aos instrumentos de avalia??o dispon?veis. O Estudo Emp?rico 1 avaliou indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. O Estudo Emp?rico 2 identificou fatores associados com o desenvolvimento de sintomas de estresse p?s-traum?tico em crian?as e adolescentes v?timas de maus-tratos. O conjunto de estudos te?ricos e emp?ricos aponta para: (1) a avalia??o psicol?gica no contexto forense deve integrar diferentes fontes de informa??o e indicadores, j? que alguns destes s?o contradit?rios e inespec?ficos; (2) a avalia??o precoce das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas ? fundamental para a detec??o de fatores de risco e indica??o de diferentes interven??es, servindo como fonte de preven??o secund?ria; (3) a avalia??o da presen?a de preocupa??es sexuais deve ser inclu?da, entre outros indicadores, nos procedimentos periciais de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual; e (4) a investiga??o das cogni??es p?s-traum?ticas deve ser inclu?da nos protocolos de avalia??o de sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica, mesmo em crian?as expostas a traumas recorrentes, como ? o caso do abuso sexual e outras situa??es de maus-tratos. De uma forma global, os achados do presente estudo indicam a necessidade de cautela ao se considerar a elevada variabilidade individual nas rea??es associadas ao abuso sexual. Ainda que n?o haja um quadro sintomatol?gico ?nico que caracterize as v?timas, ? pertinente avaliar as altera??es f?sicas, emocionais e comportamentais desencadeadas ou agravadas pelos epis?dios de abuso, assim como o relato da crian?a e o seu contexto familiar e social. Portanto, o uso de m?ltiplos indicadores e fontes de informa??o pode incrementar a prova pericial, na medida em que adiciona elementos de convic??o para se aceitar ou rejeitar hip?teses, minimizando n?o apenas os casos falso-positivos, mas tamb?m os falso-negativos.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/909 |
| Date | 24 November 2014 |
| Creators | Schaefer, Luiziana Souto |
| Contributors | Kristensen, Christian Haag |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Psicologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 500, 600, 2599381623216554467 |
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