Background: Promoting mental health for Indigenous youth in Canada is a well-documented
priority. Indigenous approaches to health promotion share similarities with the holistic process
in outdoor adventure and experiential education contexts. The purpose of this study was to
develop, implement, and evaluate an Outdoor Adventure Leadership Experience (OALE) for
Indigenous adolescents from one First Nations community in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.
Methods: Principles of community-based participatory research were used to guide this mixed
method study that included three phases. Phase 1 involved the development of a culturally
relevant OALE intervention. The intervention was available to adolescents, aged 12-18 years,
living in Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve. Phase 2 consisted of a quantitative evaluation
of the effectiveness of the OALE, based on participant self-report. It focused primarily on
assessing resilience using the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14). Using an ethnographic
approach, Phase 3 comprised a qualitative evaluation of the ways in which the OALE promoted
resilience and well-being.
Results: Phase 1 occurred over a period of 10 months (September 2008 to June 2009), and it
resulted in the development of an intentionally designed 10-day OALE program. The program
was implemented in the summer of 2009 and 2010 with 73 adolescent participants, aged 12-18
years. Results from Phase 2 revealed that there was a 3.40 point increase in mean resilience for
the adolescent participants at one month post-OALE compared to one day pre-OALE (n=46,
p=.011), but the improvement was not sustained one year later. Phase 3 results revealed that the
OALE facilitated the development of resilience and well-being by helping the adolescents
connect to Anishinaabe Bimaadziwin, an Ojibway concept that can be translated as the Good
iv
Life. Connecting involved an external experiential process of connecting with various aspects of
creation and an internal reflective process of connecting within to different aspects of self.
Conclusion: The OALE appears to be a program that helped the adolescents: (1) become more
resilient in the short-term, and (2) become more aware of Anishinaabe Bimaadziwin (the Good
Life) by providing opportunities for connecting with creation and self through a variety of
experiences and reflections that were unique for each youth.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:OSUL.10219/2206 |
| Date | 21 May 2014 |
| Creators | Ritchie, Stephen D. |
| Publisher | Laurentian University of Sudbury |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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