The chaperone proteins designated 14-3-3 are expressed in all eukaryotic cells; they help to regulate signal transduction pathways controlling proliferation, differentiation, and survival. They associated directly or indirectly with proliferative signal-transducing proteins such as PKC, MEK kinases, PI3-kinase and Raf. In human, there are seven isotypes of 14-3-3 genes: £]¡]beta¡^¡B£^¡]gamma¡^¡B£`¡]epsilon¡^¡B£b¡]eta¡^¡B£m¡]sigma¡^¡B£n/£c¡]tau/theta¡^ and£a¡]zeta¡^, some of which would be pseudogenes, and yeast and plant each have two and fifteen genes. Althought these genes are diverse, all 14-3-3 isotypes share many conservation domains in amino acid sequences.
The previous studies have suggested that 14-3-3 sigma is most directly linked to cancer because it is thought to function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell-cycle progression. In tumor formation, inactivation of 14-3-3 sigma occurs with high frequency. More importantly, expression of 14-3-3 sigma is silenced in most breast cancer cells. The 14-3-3 sigma protein is associated with cyclin E-CDK2 complex as well as cyclin B-CDC2 complex and mediated their inactivation by cytoplasmic localization and causing cell-cycle arrest in G2 and G1. However, the roles of other 14-3-3 isotypes in the formation of breast cancer are controversial in published reference.
The aim of this study was to determine the differential expressions of 14-3-3 gamma in non-tumor tissues and corresponding tumor tissues. Amplification and overexpression of 14-3-3 gamma in DNA, RNA, and protein of breast tumor tissues were found by experiments of RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR. However, the role of 14-3-3 gamma in the formation of breast cancer requires further study.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:NSYSU/oai:NSYSU:etd-0707104-114241 |
| Date | 07 July 2004 |
| Creators | Chen, Chien-min |
| Contributors | Chung-lung Cho, Ming-hong Tai, Hong-tai Chang |
| Publisher | NSYSU |
| Source Sets | NSYSU Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive |
| Language | Cholon |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0707104-114241 |
| Rights | not_available, Copyright information available at source archive |
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