This thesis presents an investigation of the enhanced intensity-dependent refractive nonlinearity in optical amplifiers biased to transparency. Nonlinearities in an optical amplifier with a bulk active region and in optical amplifiers containing four, eight and sixteen quantum wells were compared using picosecond and femtosecond duration pulses generated using colour-centre lasers. Measurements of nonlinear absorptive and refractive dynamics in the amplifiers were performed using pump-probe and time-division interferometry techniques. A curve fitting function was used to distinguish nonlinearities from the measured dynamics. Carrier-heating, caused predominantly by free-carrier absorption, and virtual effects were found to be the most important nonlinearities in optical amplifiers biased to transparency. A strong correlation of the magnitude of the carrier-heating effect with the thickness of the amplifier active regions was observed. A novel measurement of the intensity dependence of the current required to bias optical amplifiers to transparency was performed using a technique which monitored the opto-electronic voltage across the amplifiers. The measurement showed that the transparency current increased linearly with intensity in the 4 QW and 8 QW amplifiers as a result of carrier-heating. Measurements performed on the 16 QW and bulk amplifiers showed a nonlinear variation of transparency current with intensity. These measurements were supplemented with a pump-probe investigation which revealed a negative trend in the transmission with a time constant in excess of 200 ps. It was suggested that a saturation effect related to the amount of heat added to the carrier distribution through free-carrier absorption was responsible for both of these effects. All-optical switching of picosecond pulses via the investigated enhanced nonlinearity was demonstrated in a polarisation switch, constructed using the bulk amplifier, and a nonlinear directional coupler. The optical powers required to perform optical switching were 1.6 W and 5.8 W respectively.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:750553 |
| Date | January 1996 |
| Creators | Roberts, Peter D. |
| Contributors | Sibbett, Wilson |
| Publisher | University of St Andrews |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13806 |
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