Opioid overdose is a growing epidemic plaguing the United States. Overdose related death
has risen from 16,849 in 1999 to 69,029 in 2018. Almost 7 out of 10 of these deaths were
due to opioids with 47% being caused by fentanyl or other synthetic opioids. There is a
strong need to reduce the amount of overdose-related deaths. Indirect methods should
be a first priority, and include counseling and care. For some individuals, this treatment
option is unavailable because the drug user may not have the desire or economic means
to pursue it. In this case, a more direct preventative approach is needed. This paper
presents a novel method of detecting poor peripheral oxygenation, a biomarker linked to
opioid overdose. A wristwatch near-infrared spectroscopy device (NIRS) was developed.
SPICE simulations were conducted to confirm proper operation of electrical systems. The
device was fabricated on a printed circuit board and mounted to a 3D printed enclosure.
Absorbance of green, red and infrared (IR) light were measured. Additionally, peripheral
capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) modulation index and changes in concentration of
oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin were calculated from raw data. A brachial occlusion test was performed to mimic the effects of opioid overdose on peripheral oxygenation.
A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between pre-occlusion and
during-occlusion groups in two subjects for measurement of peak-to-peak values of green
raw data, red raw data, IR raw data, oxyhemoglobin concentration change, and deoxyhemoglobin concentration change. Peak-to-peak was observed as a consistent indicator of
poor peripheral oxygenation and could serve as a useful metric in the detection of opioid
overdose.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:purdue.edu/oai:figshare.com:article/12242030 |
| Date | 12 October 2021 |
| Creators | Michael D Maclean (8795939) |
| Source Sets | Purdue University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, Thesis |
| Rights | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 |
| Relation | https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_and_Testing_of_a_Near-Infrared_Spectroscopy_Opioid_Overdose_Detection_Device/12242030 |
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