The continued assimilation of advanced computing and information technologies in the workplace in the midst of rapidly changing socioeconomic conditions has led many corporations to transform their corporate culture and structure. These profound changes are implicating corporate functions such as planning, design, manufacturing, and marketing. A significant form of corporate re-structuring has been in the computer and information technology mediated integration of these functions which is sometimes labeled Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Fundamental questions are provoked regarding the reshaping of these emerging modes and relations of production. Do these developments represent a departure from traditional Taylorist or Fordist workplace operations and organization? Are these emerging modes of work which generally are interwoven with Japanese inspired quality improvement programs and associated manufacturing methods producing a more human-centered workplace? Do these shifts in corporate re-structuring support the possible unfolding of forms of human-centered workplace democracy? To critically inquire and address the above questions, a case study was conducted involving a large manufacturing firm which has been undergoing a radical re-structuring of all its corporate operations. The case study method involves an analysis of the internal discourse(s) and practice(s) of an emerging manufacturing facility called the Factory of the Future (FOF) in the context of a changing corporate culture mediated by computer and information technologies and changing organizational practices. Many sources of information were appropriated to construct a collage of textual material in order to present FOF's unique genealogy and to provide a detailed description of the emerging phenomenon of CIM. Among these were internal documents, videos, and interviews conducted with factory and office workers. Based on a critical interpretation of the case study findings a number of provisional conclusions were reached and may be summarized as follows: • Certain neo-Taylorist and neo-Fordist modes of production are emerging both in the factory and office as the transformation of the corporation proceeds toward a CIM mode of operation. • More human-centered organizational practices have marked the changing corporate culture although they are at times subject to conflicts and contradictions. • Managerial power has grown in the midst of computer and information mediated systems, even though worker participation and involvement in work related decisions has also been enhanced. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT; phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.43) is the plasma enzyme responsible for the formation of the majority of cholesteryl esters in human plasma. Its role in regulating plasma lipoprotein metabolism has been recognized for many years. However, despite extensive research, our knowledge of the structure and function of this enzyme is incomplete. With this in mind, the purpose of this thesis was to utilize a molecular biology approach to better understand the structure of LCAT through analysis of pre-dicted amino acid sequences and to utilize our ability to produce active recombinant LCAT to study the metabolism of LCAT in vivo. Specifically, we set out to: - Clone rabbit LCAT cDNA. Constitutively express rLCAT in a stable cell line Produce radiolabeled, biologically active rLCAT Determine the metabolic turnover rate of rLCAT in vivo. In order to achieve these aims, we cloned and expressed full length rabbit rLCAT and near full-length porcine rLCATThe near full-length porcine cDNA was obtained from screening a porcine A.-GT 11 library. Together with previously published sequence data from other species, the information obtained from the cloned porcine LCAT cDNA enabled us to design a set of consensus primers which were used to amplify overlapping nucleotide sequences from reverse-transcribed rabbit liver RNA. The nucleotide sequence identity of the rabbit LCAT cDNA sequence was 93% when compared to human LCAT . All major predicted structural features found in human LCAT were found in the rabbit sequence. This includes the lipase consensus region, the predicted N-linked glycosylation sites and potential bridged Cys residues. The rabbit LCAT cDNA was cloned into a pNUT expression vector, stably transfected into BHK cells and the enzymatically active recombinant protein was purified from the culture media. Characterization of the recombinant rabbit LCAT demonstrated that it was activated by both human and rabbit apo A-l and the Km of unesterified cholesterol in HDL analog substrates was 72.8 nmol/mL. All methods for radioiodination of the rLCAT (e.g.,Bolton-Hunter, Chloramine-T and lodobeads) resulted in an enzymatically inactive protein. However, endogenous incorporation of [³H]-leucine into BHK cells produced radiolabeled rLCAT with unaltered esterification activity. When incubated with plasma, 44.3% of [³H]-rLCAT was bound to lipoprotein fractions separated by size-exclusion chromatography. In vivo metabolic studies of rabbits injected with [³H]-rLCAT showed two catabolic components; the largest, with a halflife of 2.1-5.8 hours, and a second with a half-life of 52.7-62.6 hours. Interestingly, rabbits injected with enzymatically inactive [¹²⁵l]-rLCAT demonstrated no significant difference between the two components when compared to the turnover of [³H]- rLCAT. Since enzyme activity is maintained despite the failure of the majority of added rLCAT to bind to HDL in vitro and in vivo, the evidence suggests that esterification activity by LCAT does not require the enzyme to be permanently asso-ciated with plasma lipoproteins. In conclusion, this thesis provided novel information regarding the molecular organization of rabbit and porcine LCAT and the properties (in vitro) and catabolism of the recombinant enzyme {in vivo) in the New Zealand rabbit. These studies extend the growing body of knowledge of the structure and function of LCAT. In addition, the unexpectedly high initial rate of turnover of the rLCAT in vivo provides valuable insights into the utility of rLCAT for enzyme replacement therapy. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

Postharvest moisture loss leads to wilting of horticultural produce which shortens their shelf life and reduces their commercial value. Effects of preharvest water stress, potassium (K), cultivar, water vapour pressure deficit (WVPD) and recharging (rehydration in water) on postharvest moisture loss of carrots (Daucus carvta L.) during short term storage were studied. In greenhouse experiments, carrots subjected to water stress for 4.5 weeks preceding harvest had higher postharvest moisture loss, compared to unstressed carrots. Root water potential followed by relative solute leakage (RSL), accounted for most of the variation in moisture loss. It is suggested that preharvest water stress increases carrot tissue permeability which enhances moisture loss. Increase in K fertilization to 1.0 mM increased carrot size and lowered cell \\k and osmotic potentials (ip^ and RSL from the root tissue. Regression analysis showed that K affects moisture loss mainly by influencing carrot size and tissue permeability, and that the benefit of K fertilization in improving shelf life is limited to conditions of low K availability. Consistent differences in postharvest moisture loss among eight field-grown, late harvested carrot cultivars were observed at low relative humidity. These differences, which accounted for up to 6 days of difference in shelf life, were associated with specific surface area and transpiration coefficient of carrot roots. Carrots at high WVPD lost more moisture. The results showed carrot tissue permeability increases during storage at high WVPD which further enhances the rate of moisture loss. Increase in duration of recharging increased carrot weight gain but had no effect on the rate of moisture loss during subsequent storage. Weight gain was greatest during the first week after harvest. Recharging, therefore, should be explored as a means to replace moisture lost and extend shelf life of carrots. The effects of preharvest water stress, nutrition and cultivar on specific surface area, \j4 and tissue permeability were found to be important in determining the shelf life of carrots, It may be possible to improve the shelf life by reducing preharvest water stress, K fertilization, cultivar selection, storage at high relative humidity, and recharging. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Reaction of Cp*W(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)Cl with AgBF4 in MeCN leads to isolation of [Cp*W(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)(NCMe)₂]BF₄, 2.1. The reactivity of this complex is explored, in particular, the reaction of 2.1 with H₂0 which results in stepwise hydrolysis of the nitrosyl ligand. Labelling studies with D₂0 and H₂¹⁸O are performed which give some insight into the mechanism of the transformation of 2.1 to Cp*W0₂(CH₂SiMe₃) and the fate of the NO ligand. The synthesis and characterisation of a range of carboxylate-containing nitrosyl complexes of the general class Cp*W(NO)(0₂CR')X [X = CH₂SiMe₃ , CI] and attempts to form cationic complexes from them are also described. The Li salt of [Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)(=CHSiMe₃)]⁻ 3.1 may be synthesised by treatment of Cp*Mo(TSfO)(CH2SiMe3)2 with a variety of Li reagents. The reaction pathway varies greatly between each reagent and in some cases intermediate complexes may be isolated. Treatment of Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂ with LiN(SiMe₃)₂ in THF leads directly to the alkylidene complex 3.1. A kinetic study of this reaction is presented. Treatment of Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂ with LiN(C₃H₇)₂ results in deprotonation of the Cp* ligand and formation of [(n⁵,n¹- C₅Me₄CH₂)Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂][Li(THF)₃], 3.2 which converts to 3.1 when left in solution. Reaction of Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂ with LiPPh₂ in THF results in a one-electron reduction and production of {[Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)2][Li(THF)]}₂ 3.3. If not isolated, this complex is converted to 3.1 by the Ph₂P-PPh₂ coproduct by hydrogen-atom abstraction. 3.1 may also be formed by warming [Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂(Me)][Li(THF)₃], which is formed from the reaction of Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂ with MeLi. MeLi may also be reacted directly with Cp*Mo(NO)Cl₂ to yield [Cp*Mo(NO)(Me)₃][Li(THF)₃], Treatment of Cp*M(NO)(X)Cl complexes [M = Mo, W; X, = CH₂SiMe₃ , CH₂CMe₃ , NHCMe₃ , OCMe₃ , CI]) with lithium phosphides can result in one of three different types of reactions. Reaction of Cp*M(NO)(X)Cl with LiPPh₂ results in metathesis and leads to formation of the respective phosphido-containing complexes. When metathesis of the chloride ligands in the Cp*M(NO)Cl₂ complexes of Mo and W is attempted with either LiPPh₂ or LiPPhH, the only isolable products formed are those resulting from the reduction of the organometallic reactant. Finally, the reaction of Cp*W(NO)(NHCMe₃)(Cl) with LiPPhH induces a ligand-scrambling reaction to afford Cp*W(NO)(NHCMe₃)₂ . A similar example of ligand scrambling occurs during the reaction of Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)Cl with LiPPhH producing {[Cp*Mo(NO)(CH₂SiMe₃)₂][Li(THF)]}₂. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

The primary objective of this study was the development and investigation of the psychometric properties of a measurement instrument based on the integrated model of behavior roles of offspring of alcoholic parents (Schneider, 1989,1995). The Behavior Role Scale was developed utilizing Crocker and Algina's (1986) 10 step instrument development process and deals directly with the concepts of the original models of behavior roles of offspring of alcoholic parents (Black, 1981; Booz-Allen & Hamilton, 1974; Deutsch, 1983; Kritzberg, 1985; Wegscheider, 1981). The first three steps of the instrument development were completed in an earlier investigation (Schneider, 1989). In this investigation, steps 4 - 8 were completed. The following activities were undertaken: step 4, the construction of an initial pool of items; step 5, the review and revision of the items with the assistance of a panel of experts; step 6, a preliminary tryout of the items in a pilot test; step 7, a field test of the instrument with a nonclinical sample of offspring of alcoholic parents and offspring of nonalcoholic parents; and, step 8, initial investigation of the psychometric properties of the behavior role scale. This investigation contributed the following findings. The field test yielded reliability estimates of .72 for the Caretaker, .67 for the Super Achiever, .86 for the Invisible One, .89 for the Jester, .78 for the Rebel, and an overall alpha of .88. Initial validity was indicated by the emergence of a five factor model as the most interpretable factor analysis solution. The performance of the Behavior Role Scale was also investigated using six validity issues identified in the literature. Offspring of alcoholic parents, offspring of nonalcoholic parents who had experienced a significant family disruption, and offspring of nonalcoholic parents who had not experienced a significant family disruption had significantly different scores with the Super Achiever, Invisible One, and Rebel roles. The three groups did not demonstrate significant differences with the Caretaker or Jester roles. Additional significant differences were discovered with the Jester and Rebel roles among offspring of alcoholic fathers when they were compared according to their fathers' pattern of drinking. The findings of this investigation add to the research evidence which suggests that refinements need to be made to improve the clinical and psycho-educational uses of the behavior roles of offspring of alcoholic parents. Recommendations for future research include submitting the Behavior Role Scale to construct validation studies in order to further refine its ability to measure behavior roles and to be of assistance to researchers seeking to unravel the complexities of life for more than 28 million offspring of alcoholic parents. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

Information modeling is the cornerstone of information systems analysis and design. Information models not only provide the abstractions required to facilitate communication between designers and end users, they also provide a formal basis for tools and techniques used in developing and using information systems. This dissertation reports on four empirical studies in information modeling. The four studies focus on an important, yet controversial, construct in information modeling — the relationship construct. The theoretical foundation for the four experimental studies comprises theories and findings from the information systems, cognitive psychology, computer science, philosophy, and communication literature. Because of the paucity of empirical research in the area, a two-stage research design, consisting of the exploratory and formalized phases, is employed in this dissertation. Two studies were conducted in the exploratory phase. The first exploratory study investigated the effect of domain familiarity on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity for the relationship construct by modeling experts. The findings indicate that modeling experts tend to choose optional over mandatory relationships, even for domains that are totally unfamiliar to them. The second exploratory study analyzed the effect of conflicting textual information and structural constraints on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity by modeling experts. The results show that modeling experts tend to focus on the information depicted by the structural constraints and ignore the textual information. This exploratory phase allowed us to explore and develop empirical research methods and instruments for studying the relationship construct in information modeling. In the second phase, two formalized studies were conducted. The first formalized study investigated the differences between modeling experts and novices in their interpretation of information models. The results show significant differences in the way modeling experts and novices interpret information models. Modeling experts focus mainly on the structural constraints and de-emphasize the textual information. Modeling novices, on the other hand, pay more attention to the textual information than modeling experts. The second formalized study examined the effect of different representations of relationship on the interpretation of information models by modeling novices. The findings indicate that the explicitness of relationship construct and the use of verb versus noun description for relationship have a profound impact on the accuracy of interpretation. The best combination is one that uses an explicit relationship construct and verb for relationship description. The worst combination is one where the relationship construct is represented implicitly and described using noun. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Situated between the casting and rolling operations, the reheating process ensures steel billets or slabs are at temperatures high enough (~1200°C) to enable subsequent deformation pro-cesses to be carried out economically. Industrial reheating furnaces have varying designs, utilize different fuel mixtures and employ top, side or bottom firing. Under steady-state operating cond-itions, the challenge is to achieve good temperature homogenization while minimizing fuel con-sumption and maximising furnace throughput. During furnace stoppages, which are caused by delays in therolling mill, there is a need to minimise fuel consumption and maintain discharge temperatures. To gain better insight into the operation of a billet reheating furnace, a transient, three-dimen-sional thermal model has been developed. Radiative heat transfer in three-dimensions is solved using Hottel's "Zone Method", employing a clear-plus-three-grey gas model to represent the furnace atmosphere. In this method, the geometrical aspects of the problem are treated sepa-rately to produce total exchange areas that can be stored for repeated use. The main module then calculates the energy released through combustion, the heat transferred to the steel and the move-ment of the charge during each time step. Gas temperatures are determined from energy balances using a Newton-Raphson iterative technique. Conduction in the billets is solved in three-dimensions by taking into account heat transfer in the gaps between and underneath the billets. The model further evaluates heat losses through the furnace roof, walls and hearth. The mathematical model was verified using industrial data obtained from plant trials con-ducted at two Canadian steel mini-mills. Results from the plant trials indicated that the billets con-tinued to increase in temperature during furnace stoppages. The model suggests that this is due to continuous burner firing during these stoppages even with lower firing levels. For one of the furnaces, the model predicts the thermal efficiency to be 31% for the heating of 0.15 m (6") billets, with 68% of the combustion energy lost in the flue gases and the remainder lost through the refractory. Improved performance could be realized through better control of the furnace atom-sphere, with the air/fuel ratios maintained at levels closer to stoichiometric, as well as the installa- tion of a recuperator to preheat the combustion air. Different delay firing strategies that focussed on the recovery of the furnace were examined with the model and it was found that the sequential return to steady-state firing reduces the extent of billet over-heating while ensuring newly charged billets reached adequate rolling temperatures. The model was also used to examine the effect of air/fuel ratios in each of the furnace control zones and the benefits of recuperatively preheating the combustion air or hot-charging, where the billets are charged into the furnace soon after casting. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Materials Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The measurement of neurotransmitter secretions by living cells, both in living organisms or in preparations, constitutes an enduring and vexing problem for neuroscientists due to the large number of substances involved at very low concentrations. An ability to correlate neurotransmitter secretions with various factors including organismic behavior would greatly advance our understanding of the organization and functioning of central nervous systems. This, in turn, has many important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of central nervous systems (mainly in humans) as well as for the design and implementation of information processing and control systems. The work presented here was undertaken in order to explore a novel approach to this demanding problem. The objective was to develop a probe capable of measuring neurotransmitter secretions in real time, at physiologically relevant concentrations, and non-invasively in situ. Data were obtained using an ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopic analytical technique performed via optical fibers, and were analyzed primarily with artificial neural networks. To this end, a prototype tunable ultraviolet resonance Raman system was designed, assembled, comissioned and employed. A general introduction to the problem and a discussion of existing techniques for neurotranmitter measurement are given in Part I. In Part n, the analytical method was shown to allow discrimination between several different neurotransmitters and some of their precursors, both on the basis of their spectra and the selective resonance enhancement of their spectra. Optical fibers were characterized with regard to their suitability for use with pulsed ultraviolet radiation in Part III and on the basis thereof selected for the construction of optical fiber probes. It was found that the performance of optical fibers varied greatly when subjected to pulsed ultraviolet radiation, making the selection of fibers a crucial factor in probe construction. Various design features influencing the efficiency of optical fiber probes were investigated using both theoretical and empirical techniques. A right-angle geometry using a small diameter excitation fiber and several larger collection fibers in close proximity produced the most efficient probe. In Part IV the use of cell secretions as samples modelling in vivo conditions were investigated. It was also shown that these probes could be inserted via surgically implanted cannulae into and operated in the crania of experimental male rats without producing discernable behavioral artifacts. In Part V some signal recovery methods were investigated and it was shown that artificial neural networks could be used to identify and quantify neurotransmitters based on their Raman spectra. Part VI contains an assessment of the neuroprobe using neurotransmitter secreting cultured cells as a model system. The thesis is concluded with a discussion of the charateristics of an ideal biosensor, reviews the work done, and highlights some future directions. This thesis represents my contributions toward the development of a tunable ultraviolet resonance Raman neurotransmitter probe. Within the scope of this work, limitations of the available equipment and other resources precluded the complete development of a high-performance neuroprobe, however, the data presented here demonstrate proof-of-concept and feasibility. In particular, what has hitherto been considered impossible - the use of optical fibers for pulsed ultraviolet remote resonance Raman spectroscopy - has been shown to be distinctly feasible. It has further been shown that ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy is well-suited to the problem of resolving a mixture of neurotransmitters in a biological matrix. With the appropriate state-of-the-art equipment, there is now a very real possibilty of obtaining detection limits of lx10~9 M for the catecholamine neurotransmitters and 1x10"0" M for the aliphatic neurotransmitters with 30 s exposure time, thus providing a novel and general solution to the problem of neurotransmitter measurement. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

This thesis argues the continued relationship between museums and the middle class over the period from 1850 to 1950, showing in particular how major events and trends affecting the history of the middle class influenced the manner in which museums developed. It argues, however, that, despite participation in an international bourgeois culture which included a worldwide "museum movement', the regional circumstances of both museums and the middle class in Canada had a significant effect on their related histories determining, if not the final product, at least the timing of its completion and the manner in which it was reached. This argument is made through a comparison of the histories of the Provincial Museum of Nova Scotia, the Ontario Provincial Museum, the Royal Ontario Museum, and the British Columbia Provincial Museum. For each institution, three themes are considered: the way in which its collection shaped or reflected a regional identity; the form of education it offered, the intended audience, and the ways in which both changed; and the impact of professionalization on both the museum and the people who worked in it. The comparisons show that, despite the uniqueness of the museums' collections and histories, in the final analysis, each institution conformed to the patterns of the 'museum movement', or, as in the case of professionalization, to the pattern of a professionalizing middle-class society. Informed by recent critical work on the history of museums, this thesis uses archival and secondary sources to establish the narratives of four Canadian museums and places them into the broader context of the international 'museum movement', while also indicating the uniqueness of Canadian cultural institutions created by the colonial experience. In this way, it adds a new perspective to the history of Canadian museums. At the same time, it adds to our understanding of the Canadian middle class through its demonstration of how the major societal trends affected individual members of that class. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

A fundamental study of the undrained behaviour of sands under multi-axial loading is presented. The study was performed by using the hollow cylinder torsional (HCT) device. The HCT is the only device that permits a soil specimen to be subjected to multi-axial loading with controlled variations in the magnitudes of the three principal stresses and the direction of the major principal stress with the vertical deposition direction. The main objective of the study was to assess the effects of principal stress magnitude, directions and their rotation on sand liquefaction. This is achieved by a systematic study of static and cyclic undrained behaviour of reconstituted loose sand. Shear loading is carried out under strain control. Only such loading permits the needed capture of post peak strain softening characteristics of loose sands. Undesirable runaway strains are inevitable in stress controlled loading modes. In addition to the investigations in the hollow cylinder torsional device, sand behaviour in simple shear as well as under the triaxial conditions was also assessed as reference for comparisons with that under multi-axial stresses. The investigations were carried out using two sands - Fraser River sand and Syncrude sand. Sand specimens were reconstituted by water pluviation, which is considered to duplicate the fabric ofin-situ fluvial and hydraulic fill deposits. Independence of the effective stress path and stress-strain characteristics from the total stress path under fixed principal stress directions and constant value of intermediate principal stress parameter is illustrated. The undrained response of loose sand is highly dependent on the loading direction, implying inherent anisotropy. The friction angle mobilized at phase transformation or steady state is a unique material property, independent of the mode of loading static or cyclic, direction of principal stresses, intermediate principal stress level, consolidation history and the stress and void ratio state prior to undrained shear. There is no unique relationship between steady state or phase transformation strength and void ratio that is independent of the stress path, implying that a unique steady state line does not exist for a sand. The influence of intermediate principal stress, on undrained response is small when the intermediate principal stress parameter, that reflects value of this stress relative to the major and the minor values, is less than about 0.5. At constant values of other parameters increasing confining stress and decreasing relative density under multi-axial loading promote a higher degree of contractive response. The history of principal stress directions during principal stress rotation does not seem to have any appreciable effect on the peak and steady state or phase transformation strength. These strengths are apparently controlled by the peak value of major principal stress inclination experienced during shearing with respect to vertical direction. Principal stresses undergo continuous rotation from 0 to about ±45° in simple shear deformation. A simultaneous change in intermediate principal stress occurs as the major principal stress rotates. The maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain in conventional simple shear deformation approximately equals the horizontal shear stress and shear strain respectively. For a given initial stress and void ratio state, the number of cycles to liquefaction is smaller under cyclic triaxial than under similar 90° jump rotation that do not invoke the weakest triaxial extension loading mode during shear. For a given direction of principal stresses, if the sand is contractive under static loading, it would also be contractive under cyclic loading, provided that the cyclic deviator stress amplitude is higher than the steady state or phase transformation strength in static loading. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate