碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用藝術研究所 / 98 / People have the habits of sharing experiences with friends, families, or even strangers. In the past, people shared their information and experiences through face-to-face communication. With the popularization and development of internet and technology, there are more and more experience-sharing platforms on the network. As a designer, designing a product which has an inviting appearance and practical function does no longer satisfy users nowadays. Consequently, how to create a good user experience in social interaction has become a significant issue which designers pay attention to. However, there were not enough design guidelines for designers to follow up. The aim of this research is to reveal the users’ experiences in co-experience, and to discuss design techniques and the reception expectations of users. Moreover, to provide design suggestions for designing co-experience platform is the ultimate goal. The research plan could be separated into two stages. Firstly, the primary investigating stage was to collect and analyze data from interviewees to obtain a general understanding about current sharing platform. Secondly, the users’ opinions were brought up by means of designed prototypes and field-testing. With the investigation of interview, a thorough understanding of current experience-sharing platform was explored. By means of prototype testing we discovered the thoughts of users and presented design suggestions of co-experience to designers. In the end, users’ expectation and concern in co-experience platform were discovered. The roles of different design techniques were also compared to discuss the effects to users. Furthermore, the co-experience model was built up. Moreover, the design suggestions which acquired from the discussion about the design techniques and the effects might be a valuable reference for designers. The suggestions contained three parts: satisfying the process model of co-experience, achieving good effects of co-experience, and the key points need to be noticed. This research gained the user-ended data to understand users’ need and worry with prototypes as a research tool. In the future, the intensive of different design techniques could be on direction to be further investigated.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 環境工程系所 / 98 / Phenanthrene (PHE) is one of the persistent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which could produce toxicity for the environment. It is well known that PHE could be degraded by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Nevertheless, it is reported that p-cresol is the metabolite of PHE. When these two compounds exist in the environment at the same time, i.e. PHE and p-cresol, p-cresol is likely to have inhibition in the biodegradation of PHE. 　　The batch biodegradation experimental conditions were followed from the optical parameters by our previous study (Ref.). The experimental design was separated into two parts: in Part-1, the PHE concentration was kept constant at 18.5 mg/L whereas the p-cresol concentration was increased from 0 to 11.1 mg/L; in Part-2, the PHE concentration was decreased from 18.5 to 0 mg/L, and at the same time p-cresol concentration was increased from 0 to 11.1 mg/L. 　　The experimental outcomes indicate that the k values of PHE degradation without p-cresol following the zero-order and first-order kinetics were 0.35 mg/L･d and 0.03/d. In the presence of p-cresol, the k-values were decreased to 0.1 mg/L･d and 0.016/d. These observations demonstrate that p-cresol addition has significant inhibition in the biodegradation of PHE. However, the p-cresol degradation is not significantly affected by PHE. The degradation of p-cresol was increased with the increase in the addition of p-cresol concentration. The molecular weight and toxicity of p-cresol are lower than PHE; thus, p-cresol is preferred over PHE by the SRB.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 環境工程系所 / 98 / Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used in various industries where the usage of PAEs containing products leads to the entrance of PAEs into wastewater treatment plant. During wastewater treatment processes, higher molecular weight PAEs including dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) could be easily attached to the surfaces of sewage sludge and transferred to sludge treatment units. Therefore, sludge pretreatment to remove PAEs before sludge treatment and disposal is necessary. In this study, alkalization combined with ultrasound was adopted for removing the PAEs from sewage sludge. The initial DBP, DEHP and BBP concentrations in sewage sludge were 718, 215 and 8 mg/kg-dw, respectively. Pretreatments were carried out by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) individually for designed concentrations to sewage sludge and mixing gently for 24 hours followed by sonication. The frequency of ultrasound was 20 kHz with the ultrasound power density and power intensity of 1 W/mL and 55 W/cm2. The total solids (TS) concentration of the sewage sludge was 3%. The central composite design (CCD) was used in this study to find out the better operation condition which the designed parameters were NaOH concentration (0 - 80 mM) and sonication time (0 - 15 min). NaOH alkalization of sewage sludge led to DBP removal only; removals of DEHP and BBP were almost zero. Increase of the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in pretreated sewage sludge was 8.37 mg/L per 1 mM NaOH addition. Alkalization was responsible for more than 90% of DBP removal and more than 60% in SCOD increase in the alkalization-sonication pretreatment. The optimal NaOH concentration and sonication time were estimated as 68 mM and 10 min based on the CCD and response surface plots, respectively.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 光電工程學系 / 98 / In this thesis, the reliability issues of low-temperature process organic-based TFTs and a-Si:H TFTs are discussed. Firstly, for organic-based TFTs, the degradation mechanisms of device under bias stress or under prolonged illumination are carefully investigated. In the steady-state bias stress experiment, we use drain bias to adjust the carrier concentration in the channel and find that the accumulated carrier concentration is proportional to the threshold voltage shift. This verifies the relationship between the defect generation and the accumulated carrier concentration in organic thin film for the first time. In the pulsed bias stress experiment, under positive and negative bias, the threshold voltage shifts have the different pulse width dependence. These results show that there is obvious difference in hole and electron accumulation rates. On the other hand, the influences of dielectric surface states and environmental conditions on the reliability of device are studied. Based on the experimental result, the device fabricated on the dielectric with hydroxyl groups in the moisture environment has more serious reliability issues. Additionally, since electron injection from Au to pentacene is difficult, it is found that the accumulated electrons are provided from light-induced electrons or from the negative-charge states produced when OH groups react with moisture. Finally, the influence of illumination on OTFT and pentacene-based organic phototransistors (OPTs) are studied. Using bias to adjust the channel carriers can control the light-induced threshold voltage shift. Also, electric field is found to enhance the dissociation of light-induced excitons. This is named as the photoelectric field effect in this dissertation. We use the photoelectric field effect to enhance the sensitivity of OPTs for the first time. We also investigate the influence of light intensity, wavelength, bias, channel dimension, and illumination time on the light-induced threshold voltage shift. Under blue light illumination, the photoresponsivity of pentacene-based TFTs reaches 92 A/W using the photoelectric field effect. For a-Si:H TFTs, we analyze devices fabricated by Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan. Devices are fabricated on polyimide substrate and process temperature is kept at 160 oC. The basic device parameters such as mobility, threshold voltage and threshold slope do not differ from device fabricated in the conventional process temperature but the reliability issue becomes more serious. In our studies, after applying simultaneous gate and drain bias stress, it is found that the threshold voltage shift has the channel width dependence and can not accurately predicted by the original reliability model due to the self-heating effect. According to the equivalent thermal resistant circuit, when changing glass substrate to polyimide substrate, the smaller thermal conductivity of polyimide substrate cause the low cooling capacity to accumulate higher channel temperature. We also firstly observe a relationship between the self-heating effect and the bias-stress effect, particularly when devices have wide channel width. Conventional thermal resistant circuit can not explain the channel width dependence. Therefore, we use the reliability model to fit the experimental data and extract the effective channel temperature. This is a new methodology to discuss the self-heating effect without calculate detailed thermal resistance model or simulate thermal flow of devices. Finally, we also firstly find that tensile stress may further accelerate the generation of defects when self-heating effect occurs.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 網路工程研究所 / 98 / Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) provides seamless and interoperable services for vehicles. The WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSMP) provides broadcast services but does not define unicast services that require mobility management to track the locations of the vehicles. In this thesis we devise location tracking procedure so that an Onboard Unit (OBU) can be tracked and receive unicast messages, and propose a prediction-based mobility management mechanism by utilizing a positioning system (e.g., GPS) for high-speed vehicles. We conduct performance study which indicates that our approach can significantly reduce the network traffic as compared with the traditional cellular mobility management approach. Keywords: WAVE, WSMP

碩士 / 輔仁大學 / 資訊工程學系 / 95 / More and more people put video contents on to web, e.g. YouTube and Vlog, to share with others worldwide. Some contents are difficult to meet their QoS due to popularity. There are many approaches to deal with this hotspot problem. One way is purchasing more servers and bandwidth for occasional surge of demand, another way is adopting P2P concept for video streaming. Our research focus on providing VoD service on P2P overlay network by constructing multicast tree steams for peers. However, the tree based P2P streaming systems may not utilize the resource of peers effectively. When a multicast tree is extensively occupied by weak peers, the streaming will soon reach the saturation point. Some strong broadband peers may help to improve the performance, but are not allowed to join. In this thesis, we suggest a peer classification mechanism, and adopt different join algorithm for different type of peers. A queue-jumping algorithm is designed to ensure broadband peers not to be rejected. Hence, the communication resource of individual peer is better utilized. Comparing with other tree based P2P streaming systems, QJVoD (queue-jumping based system) can decrease join failure probability 50%, which means double the system capacity. QJVoD also constructs a more balance multicast tree to accept more peers join the system, and shortens the startup delay 62%.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 土木工程學系 / 97 / Three-dimensional fundamental solutions of displacements and stresses due to three-dimensional point loads in a transversely isotropic material, where the planes of transverse isotropy are inclined with respect to the horizontal loading surface, are presented in this thesis. Generally, the governing equations for infinite or semi-infinite solids are partial differential equations. The Fourier and Laplace integral transforms are commonly two efficient methods for solving the corresponding boundary value problems of full or half space. Employing the Fourier transform, the partial differential equations can be simplified as ordinary differential equations (ODE). Then, three distinct approaches were used to solve the ODE and the solutions were presented for both infinite and semi-infinite solids in this thesis. Firstly, we solve traditionally the nonhomogeneous ordinary differential equations by the methods of undetermined coefficients and separate variables Secondly, the method of an imaginary space was proposed for deriving the solutions of the problems. Thirdly, the method of algebraic is adopted for deriving the solutions for both full space and half space problems. Finally, the present fundamental solutions are derived by performing the required triple inverse Fourier transforms, or double inverse Fourier and Laplace transforms. These transformations are powerful to generate the displacements and stresses resulting from the three-dimensional point loads, acting in an inclined transversely isotropic material. The yielded solutions demonstrate that the displacements and stresses are profoundly influenced by: (1) the rotation of the transversely isotropic planes (??, (2) the type and degree of material anisotropy (E/E?S, ????S, G/G?S), (3) the geometric position (r, ?? ??, and (4). the types of three-dimensional loading (Px, Py, Pz). The proposed solutions are exactly the same as those of Wang and Liao (1999) if the full-space is homogeneous, linearly elastic, and the planes of transversely isotropy are parallel to the horizontal loading surface. Additionally, a parametric study is conducted to elucidate the influence of the above-mentioned factors on the displacements and stresses. Computed results reveal that the induced displacements and stresses in the planes of transversely isotropic are parallel to the horizontal loading surface of isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks by a vertical point load are quite different from those from Wang and Liao (1999). Therefore, in the fields of practical engineering, the dip at an angle of inclination should be taken into account in estimating the displacements and stresses in a transversely isotropic rock subjected to applied loads.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 土木工程學系 / 97 / This research is an experimental study on the drag force of four types of emergent macrophytes: Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Hygrophila pogonocalyx, and Juncus effusus, in aquatic flows with four varying plant densities under five different flow rates. There are four phases of this experiment: field observation and selection of emergent macrophytes, cultivation of selected emergent macrophytes, design and construction of a direct drag force measurement system to obtain drag force per second of an array of natural emergent macrophytes with roots and soil intact, and execution of controlled flume experiments with dimensional data analysis. Experimental results revealed a drop of the streamline factor (product of drag coefficient and plant projected frontal area) as flow velocity increases, indicating the streamlining ability of these emergent macrophytes which in a range of velocity, reduces overall drag force. In addition, an optimum plant density is observed corresponding to a lowest streamlined factor (highest streamlining ability) for Phragmites australis under each flow velocity. Dimensional analysis on the data sets from flume experiments for Phragmites australis arrives at two dimensionless equations [Eq.(3-55) and (3-67)] achieving high correlativeness (R2=0.94), with the natural logarithm of the streamlined coefficient and the drag coefficient as dependent variables. Three friction factors, Darcy-Weisbach f, Chezy’s C, and Manning’s n are derived from each of these two dimensionless equations, which allow further applications on the governing equations for open-channel flow, overland flow, sediment transport, and coastal shallow water flow through emergent macrophytes.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 土木工程學系 / 97 / The surface wave method has gained popularity in engineering practice for determining S-wave velocity depth profiles. In particular, MASW (multi-station analysis of surface wave) method permits a single survey of a broad depth range and high levels of redundancy with a single field configuration. Despite its apparent advantage over the two-channel SASW (spectral analysis of surface wave) method, the testing configuration of the MASW method remains a crucial factor that may affect the test results. Tradeoffs are involved when selecting the testing parameters. In addition, several algorithms with different preferences in the literature exit for the dispersion analysis. The objectives of this study are to establish a standard procedure for field testing and dispersion analysis of MASW. In the field testing, the influences of temporal and spatial parameters were investigated, including aliasing and leakage in both time and space domain, far and near field effects, effect of higher modes, and horizontal resolution. The investigation leads to several rules for choosing testing parameters. An innovative testing procedure and the associated signal processing was proposed to resolve the dilemma of choosing testing parameters and standardize the testing procedure. In the dispersion analysis, a unified approach was proposed. The wavefield in time-space (t-x) domain is transformed to frequency-space (f-x) domain first, in which a preliminary dispersion analysis (a new method called multi-channel spectral analysis of surface wave, MSASW) was introduced and methods for assessing data quality and data screening were proposed. The f-x domain is further transformed to f-k (wavenumber), f-p (slowness), f-v (velocity), or f-λ (wavelength). The dispersion curves obtained by different transformation are shown to be identical by a newly-proposed optimization method based on the discrete-space Fourier Transform, which allows the transformed domain remain continuous for best resolution of dispersion analysis. A wavelength-controlled sampling approach was further proposed for the dispersion curve to avoid bias in depth sampling. The results of this study may lead to further standardization of the surface wave testing.

碩士 / 大葉大學 / 運動事業管理學系 / 98 / The purpose of the study was to illuminate critically the little explored issue of the Olympic Movement in Taiwan. An objective of the research was furthermore to derive from the findings (literature review) some constructive political approaches in order to provide ideas to boost Taiwan’s sport dissemination. This has been accomplished by using primary two theories: Krawczyk’s anthropological-cultural theory and the sport development continuum. Along these theoretical approaches factors which might inhibit or promote the Taiwan’s sport dissemination were framed. The analysis of the cultural elements opened out into discovering one promoting factor (Confucian argument: sport for everybody) and three inhibiting factors (non-competitiveness, gender inequality and the virtue of diligence). In terms of examining Taiwan’s Olympic Movement and sport from a sport developmental perspective the study could identify two promoting variables (overlapping educational ideals of Olympism and Confucianism and Taiwan’s changing sport environment) and three sport inhibiting arguments (political tensions and transformations, affiliation of sport policy leaders and the decreasing power of Taiwan’s National Olympic Committee). On basis of the outcome the study suggests that Taiwan’s policy makers ought to consider the implementation of two links. Firstly, linking sport with culture and education and secondly linking sport with organization and management. Key Words: Olympic Movement, Taiwan, sport, Confucianism