博士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用化學研究所 / 98 / In this dissertation, all selenide compounds were synthesized by solid state method. These structures were determined and investigated with X-ray diffraction of single crystals. Calculations of the density of states, measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity confirm that these compounds are p- or n-type semiconductors with a narrow band gaps. Firstly, New ternary and quaternary chalcogenides Sn3-xPbxBi2Se6 (x = 0 - 0.7) were synthesized and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62). The structure for these compounds is related to Pb3Bi2S6 with an atomic position near the cell-twining plane with lillianite homologous series L(4, 4). The ternary phase contains partially occupied Sn site and a quaternary system exhibits a phase width in the range of 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.7. Single-crystal structure analysis indicates that there is a correlation between the Pb composition and position shift of M5 site from the cell-twining plane. Band structure calculations confirmed that the structure is more stable when the position of M5 site is shifted away the cell-twining plane. Secondly, quaternary chalcogenides PbxSn6-xBi2Se9 (x=0 – 4) crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Cmcm (No. 62) and isostructural to the mineral heyrovskyite, Pb6Bi2S9. The PbxSn6-xBi2Se9 features a three-dimensional framework containing slabs of NaCl-(311) type with lillianite homologous series L(7, 7) . PbxSn6-xBi2Se9 exhibits identical layers of 7 octahedra wide slabs and each slab is composed of fused rectangular [M12Se12] rod units that are expanded along direction [010]. In the third section, quaternary selenides Sn2Pb5Bi4Se13 and Sn8.65Pb0.35Bi4Se15 were synthesized and crystallize in monoclinic space group C2/m (No.12). These compounds exhibit tropochemical cell-twinning of NaCl-type structures with lillianite homologous series L(4, 5) and L(4, 7) for Sn2Pb5Bi4Se13 and Sn8.65Pb0.35Bi4Se15, respectively. Measurements of electrical conductivity indicate that these materials are semiconductors with narrow band gaps; Sn2Pb5Bi4Se13 is n-type, whereas Sn8.65Pb0.35Bi4Se15 is a p-type semiconductor with Seebeck coefficients -80(5) and 178(7) μV/K at 300K, respectively. Finally, quaternary chalcogenides Pb13Sb2.08Bi1.92Se19 was synthesized and crystallize in monoclinic space group C2/m (No.12), with lattice parameters of Pb13Sb2.08Bi1.92Se19: a = 14.127(3) Å, b =4.2625(8) Å, c = 34.477(6) Å, β= 96.329(4)°, R1/wR2 = 0.0351/0.0822 and GOF = 1.045. These structures reveal novel structure type. Pb13Sb2.08Bi1.92Se19 features a three-dimensional framework containing alternate layers of 7 and 8 octahedra wide slabs of NaCl-(311) type with lillianite homologous series L(7, 8). The semiconductor properties are confirmed with electronic calculations, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity measurements.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用數學系所 / 98 / This dissertation investigates the dispersive limits of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations. First, we perform the mathematical derivation of the compressible and incompressible Euler equations from the modulated nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Before the formation of singularities in the limit system, the nonrelativistic-semiclassical limit is shown to be the compressible Euler equations. If we further rescale the time variable, then in the semiclassical limit (the light speed kept fixed), the incompressible Euler equations are recovered. We also establish the singular limits including semiclassical, nonrelativistic and nonrelativistic-semiclassical limits of the Cauchy problem for the modulated defocusing nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. For the semiclassical limit, we show that the limit wave function of the modulated defocusing cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation solves the relativistic wave map and the associated phase function satisfies a linear relativistic wave equation. The nonrelativistic limit of the modulated defocusing nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation is the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The nonrelativistic-semiclassical limit of the modulated defocusing cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation is the classical wave map for the limit wave function and typical linear wave equation for the associated phase function.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用藝術研究所 / 98 / According to conscious of environment has arisen with issues of global warming and energy deficiency recently, cycling plays an essential role as a lifestyle in many countries all over the world. Not only regarded as transportation, riding bikes is getting important as one of the popular exercises and recreations in leisure times. With the well-developed facility and policy providing for plenty populations of cycling, the phenomenon of imbalanced participant population between gender deserves further investigation to persuade female participate in cycling through developing a persuasive system design. The purpose of this research is to proceed a user study process and conduct the results through means-end analysis and assigning persuasive features of system for delivering persuasion strategies before undertaking concept development. The research is undertaken through diary study and in-depth interview included in user study to investigate two groups of participant with a group of female participants and the other one who do not participate in cycling activity. Based on a week of diary studies, their values are reflected in two different results. Through means-end analysis, their daily activities with and without cycling are classified and connected systematically. Expectations, needs, problems and practical experiences are also extracted and conducted in results. According to the cycling experiences, different grades of persuasive features are assigned to each cycling attributes through the focus group formed of senior system designers and producers. The finding is delivered with six persuasion strategies which are defined with a systematic chain formed with persuasive feature, consequences and values for persuading female participate in cycling. Through discussing in different perspectives, the most emphasized persuasive features are proposed based on appreciated female cycling experiences firstly. Also, employing the identical values are proposed the more acceptable influence approach as persuasion strategies. Finally, the persuasion strategies are proposed with breakthroughs based on focusing on the frustrations on the sequence of participating cycling. The research findings reveal persuasion strategies are proposed through systematic user study process with discovering specific user groups and approaches for conducting study results with implications. Persuasion strategies are proposed to provide persuasive features and core values to help with developing persuasive system design. This research extends a systematic persuasion strategy from user study process, which bridges the connection among persuasion issue, users, persuasive tools and system designer and also supports clarifying problems and scope for developing system design.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用藝術研究所 / 98 / The global economy growth and advancements in novel technologies are rapidly changing our society and lifestyle. In the era of consumption, our demand of ever-growing consumption of goods can be readily sufficed. As the consumers’ need is satisfied, it brings the neglect of the awareness to the vital connections between us and the environmental issues, which are not an immediate urgency to be seen at present. Issues such as pollution and global warming are resulted from vehicles, factories to very subtle human activities; even our food purchasing habit in daily grocery shopping is highly influential. Food is indispensable for our lives. Modern technology had made food imports convenient and easy. The concept of “Food Mileage (Food mile)” is defined as the distance food travels from where it is grown to where it is ultimately purchased by the consumer - higher the food mileage, higher the fossil fuel consumption. With the growing concerns in recent years, sustainable design has become critical and a future trend. It is a priority to make consumers keep this issue in mind and take eco-friendly actions under this irreversible circumstance. However, when designers attempt to express the right attitude and influence users with sustainable design, little has been discussed that how consumers were influenced and what is successful in changing their behaviours which are the areas worth exploring. Hence, start from this one of the most relative activities in daily life we intended to investigate the persuasion in service platform to change the behaviour for the better. Through the literature review we have an overall understanding of the research domain on persuasive technology and the psychology of persuasion, and then five main approaches were selected according to the context as the testing fundamentals. On the basis of user-centred design method and persuasive technology framework, we have developed a mixed-fidelity prototype as a research tool to investigate the participants’ perspective on sustainable concept. From the in-depth interviews and the in-situ scenario-based user testing, users’ statements were coded by Affinity Diagram and Means-end Chain methods, three influential dimensions were summarised with a deep understanding of the twelve main values towards persuasive sustainable design. With the findings we discovered the significant influential factors of sustainable design which mediate the user responses. Ten design guidelines (3 don'ts and 7 do's) for persuasive sustainable design were proposed. Furthermore, we foresee that these findings and a series of design principles can be referenced for future design/research regarding attitudes and behaviour change.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 分子醫學與生物工程研究所 / 98 / Mammalian sterile-20 protein kinase 3 (Mst3) plays an essential role in the apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathway. Caspases are shown to be involved in the Mst3-mediated apoptosis, but the staurosporine-induced apoptosis is slightly suppressed by the caspase inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk. Mst3 is though that Mst3 is not only involves in caspase-dependent but also in caspase-independent apoptotic pathway. The study demonstrates that Mst3 controls the mitochondrial integrity through the regulation of Bax and subsequently promote the nuclear translocation of caspase-independent proapoptotic members, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G from mitochondria in HeLa cells. Following, the nuclease activity associated with endonuclease G is modulated. Thus, Mst3 is inferred that the participation in staurosporine-induced apoptosis mediated its cellular localization of the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The bold is confirmed by co-immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopic imaging and immuno-blotting after subcellular fractionation. Similar results are also observed in human trophoblast cell line 3A-sub-E cells, suggesting that the mitochondrial localization of Mst3 is a general phenomenon. The mitochondrial targeting segment of Mst3 is between residues 314-431. The intermembrane space-Mst3 regulate the respiratory transport chain complexes I and III and the dependence of glucose for ATP synthesis. The results indicate that Mst3 plays an important role not only in caspase dependent and independent- apoptotic pathway but also in oxidative phosphorylation.

博士 / 國立交通大學 / 光電工程學系 / 98 / The next-generation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), for applications such as projector displays, backlight displays, and automobile headlights, requires further improved light source properties. Within a few years, solid-state LEDs will be in a position to replace conventional lighting sources. Optimizing LED performance for a specific system requires detailed knowledge of light extraction, far-field emission distribution, and polarized characteristics. This dissertation studies the sapphire-based and micro-cavity (MC) types of GaN LEDs, using photonic crystal (PhC) nanostructures to improve light extraction efficiency, directional far-field emission, and polarized light emission. First, anisotropic light extraction distribution in the azimuthal plane has been investigated through the optical images taken from GaN sapphire-based LEDs with a special annular PhC region in which the guided electroluminescence (EL) light generated at the center. With increasing PhC lattice constant, symmetric patterns with varying number of petals according to PhCs were observed and analyzed. In addition, a map of the anisotropic for various PhC lattice constants and numerical apertures was constructed. Then, polarized characteristics of the GaN sapphire-based PhC LEDs have been experimentally and theoretically studied. Strong polarization dependence on the lattice constant and lattice orientation of the PhC was observed. It is found that the PhC can be as a polarizer to improve the P/S ratio of the extracted EL emission. The results of the P/S ratio for light propagating in different lattice orientation were found to be consistent with the results obtained using the PhC Bloch mode coupling theory. This polarization behavior suggests an efficient means to design and control the GaN sapphire-based PhC LEDs for polarized light emission. Next, directional far-field emission measurements show a divergent angle distribution on GaN sapphire-based PhC LEDs. This is due to the PhC interacting with higher-order guided modes. These results show that a surface PhC will not closely interact with the lower-order guided modes of GaN sapphire-based PhC LEDs because the GaN thickness is too thick. The solution to this problem is to make a GaN PhC MCLED to allow the lower-order guided modes to interact with the PhCs. This study examines the light extraction efficiency, directional far-field patterns, and polarization properties of GaN PhC MCLEDs. Angular-spectra-resolved electroluminescence (EL) measurements revealed directional far-field emission distribution from the GaN PhC MCLEDs based on the lower-order guided modes extraction. In addition, the light enhancement in GaN PhC MCLEDs compared to GaN non-PhC MCLEDs within a ±20° collection cone angle was enhanced by a factor of ~2.4. Additionally, angular-spectra-resolved EL measurements were also made in the polarized-resolved manner that has been used to analyze reveal guided modes polarization in the GaN PhC MCLEDs. The measurement results revealed the evolution of the collinearly and non-collinearly coupled modes. These results good agreement with the two-dimensional free-photon band structure is obtained. The present results indicate that the high directionality light extraction enhancement could contribute to many applications, especially for etendue-limited application such as pico-projector.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 工學院碩士在職專班半導體材料與製程設備組 / 98 / In recent years, nonvolatile memory with nanocrystals cell have been widely studied to overcome difficulties occurring to of operation and reliability of conventional floating gate memory. Desirable electrical characteristics of memory devices include the following criteria : low power consumption, high-speed operation, good endurance, and long retention time. Nonvolatile memory devices, using metal nanocrystals cells have received extensive search because of many advantages, such as a high density of states around the Fermi level, stronger coupling with the conduction channel, a wide range of available work functions and a smaller energy perturbation due to carrier confinement, and become a potential candidate for future flash memory devices. Because tungsten has many attractive material properties, such as a high work function (4.6eV), an ultra high melting point(3411°C), being chemically stable with silicon oxide and being compatible with VLSI technology nowadays, it is widely used for the fabrication of the metal nanocrystals in nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices. Most methods applied for the nanocrystals fabrication need thermal treatments at high temperatures and a long duration which cause high energy consumptions and impurity redistribution. In this thesis, a new rapid thermal wet oxidation technology called “In-Situ Steam Generation (ISSG)”, is adopted for the tungsten nanocrystal fabrication to reduce the thermal budget and prevent impurity redistribution. In addition, during the ISSG oxidation process, hydrogen is introduced into the reaction chamber, thereby increasing the concentration of oxygen radicals. Oxygen radicals present in the ISSG process can reduce intrinsic defects in the oxide layer. ISSG oxides have much better reliability than conventional furnace oxides. We fabricated tungsten nanocrystals under various ISSG process conditions, including the oxidation temperature, the process time and the hydrogen concentration, and studied material and electrical characteristics of the tungsten nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices.

碩士 / 國立臺北大學 / 企業管理學系 / 98 / The evaluation of mutual fund performance and identification of successful fund managers are of great interest to both investors and academics. Two methods that fund managers are presumed to use for generating superior performance are market timing and stock selection. Many previous studies have emphasized the performance of mutual funds, but there has been little analysis of Taiwanese fund managers’ abilities. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the market timing and stock selection abilities of Taiwanese mutual fund managers using traditional as well as conditional approaches. With a sample of 77 Taiwanese mutual fund schemes and a study period from January 2005 to December 2009, using both traditional and conditional approaches, a lack of market timing ability and presence of stock selection ability are observed among the Taiwanese fund managers.

碩士 / 國立暨南國際大學 / 國際企業學系 / 98 / This paper uses the high frequency data set covering the period 2003 to 2007 from the EBS (Electronic Broking Services) to investigate the intraday pattern and the day-of-the-week effect in the quoted spreads and the impact of announcements form USA, EMU, Japan on quoted spreads. We find the intraday pattern and the day-of-the-week effect do exist. The empirical results indicate that some announcements from EMU affect the quoted spread of EUR/USD and announcements from USA have a stronger significant impact on USD/JPY quoted spread than those from Japan. Besides, the outcome for US announcements of International Trade and Jobless Claim etc., EMU announcements of PPI etc., and Japan announcements of GDP and Retail Sales etc. are expected by traders so that quoted spreads do not respond to them at the time of their releases.

碩士 / 國立宜蘭大學 / 電子工程學系碩士班 / 98 / Wireless ad hoc networks are in general characterized by dynamic topologies that do not have a fixed infrastructure. In addition, connectivity is maintained in a decentralized fashion through a form of multi-hop radio network. To this effect, wireless ad hoc networks with asymmetric link costs have been advocated as more realistic ones from a network modeling perspective. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Optimum Branching-based Distributed Broadcast Routing (EOBDBR) protocol for wireless ad hoc networks with asymmetric link costs, which makes use of local information exchange only. The proposed protocol contrasts with centralized routing protocols, in which link state and other relevant information are kept in the routing table of each node. It involves setting up link states, finding minimum in-edge, detecting cycles, re-weighting and breaking cycles. Through extensive simulations, our protocol is compared against four distributed broadcast routing protocols chosen as benchmarks. The performance metrics used are message overhead, total energy consumption, number of retransmitting nodes, network lifetime, and maximum hop count. The superiority of EOBDBR against the studied benchmark protocols is established with respect to the above-mentioned metrics.