No description available.

Objective: To investigate the association between functional foods and dental caries experience in Quebec children. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of the QUALITY cohort was conducted and included a total of 195 children aged 8-10 years. Dietary information was collected by the use of 24--hour recalls. The adequate and inadequate intakes of specific nutrients were assessed in order to create a functional foods index. Dental caries experience was measured by DMF-S index and further categorized into presence and absence of caries. Data were collected on socio-demographic, oral health behaviour and anthropometric measures (height and weight). Data analysis involved logistic regression. Results: Girls eating functional foods were 89% less likely to have 1 decayed or filled tooth. [OR= 0.11 95% CI= (0.01-0.92)]. Conclusion: Functional foods had a protective effect against dental caries, specifically among girls in this sample of children.

Despite implant-supported overdentures' advantages over conventional dentures, edentulous patients often refuse dental implants for reasons that may be related to fear. Objective. The purpose of this study was to uncover and explain the various forms and sources of dental implant-related fear among edentulous patients. Methods. A convenient sample of 8 edentulous/semi-edentulous participants was used. Participants were recruited from a current study at McGill University's Faculty of Dentistry, posting of recruitment flyers, and local homes and community centers for seniors. One-on-one interviews were conducted in Montreal from March 2005 to February 2006, transcribed verbatim, and coded into multiple theme-based sections. Results. Three categories of implant-related fear were identified: (1) fear of dental implant surgery; (2) fear of the recovery period; and (3) miscellaneous fears. As well, four main sources of dental implant-related fear were uncovered: (1) past negative experiences at the dentist; (2) "horror stories" of dental implant surgery; (3) having relatively little knowledge of dental implants; and (4) poor dentist-patient relationship. Discussion. The various forms of dental implant-related fear seem to play a substantial role in influencing a patient's decision to undergo implant surgery.

Since 1983, the WHO has recommended the use of the INR for measuring the level of anticoagulation for patients receiving warfarin therapy. However, no scientifically-derived guidelines, using the INR, for the surgical management of this group of patients exists. In the first part of this study, the protocols followed by oral surgeons, when treating patients receiving warfarin, and who require dental extractions were established by performing a mail survey. The results of the survey illustrated that although the majority of oral surgeons use the INR, most of them use the INR along with the PT and only one fifth of them use this measure alone. In the second part of this study, dental extractions were performed on rabbits which were anticoagulated to various INR levels. The results of this study strongly suggest that dental extractions may be safely performed on subjects receiving oral anticoagulants using routine measures for local hemostasis.

Dental education is a stressful experience for some students. Dental students have been found to report stress levels higher than in the general population, with 36% of students reporting significant psychological distress. Canadian dental students have reported an increase in anxiety, depression and hostility. No research was found to have investigated dental education stress using a qualitative analytical approach. Objectives: This study aimed to better understand the experience of stress among dentistry students using qualitative methodology. Methods: 12 recent graduates from the McGill University Faculty of Dentistry were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Themes from the interviews were identified and coded by reading and rereading the texts until information-saturation occurred. Results: Firstly, four sources of stress were identified: workload pressure, fear of failure, faculty relations, and transition stress. Secondly, three effective coping mechanisms were highlighted by the students: seeking support, focusing on things that they can control, and participating in extra-curricular activities. Finally, three types of students with respect to their experience of stress were found: the highly stressed student, the moderately stressed student, and the relaxed student. This typology of dental student is new information that has not been studied before. Conclusion: Faculties need to identify and aid highly stressed students.

Many dental devices combine acrylic (i.e. poly-methyl methacrylate or bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate) and metallic parts (i.e. titanium or stainless steel) that are bonded together. These devices often present catastrophic mechanical failures due to weak bonding between their acrylic and metallic components. These devices include dental prostheses, combining metallic frameworks (i.e. titanium) and wrought wires with acrylic resin; and orthodontic appliances, combining acrylic resin with stainless steel wrought wires or composite with stainless steel brackets. The bonding between metals and polymers in dental devices is usually performed by the mechanical interlocking, but its bond strength is still too low for dental applications. The bond strength between them would be high if the chemical bonding, which does not occur spontaneously, uses in addition to the mechanical interlock. The objective of this study was to develop a new method of creating a strong chemical bond between alloys and polymers for dental devices based on diazonium chemistry.The chemical bond between metals (i.e. titanium or stainless steel) and polymers (i.e. poly-methyl methacrylate, PMMA or Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate, Bis-GMA) was achieved in two steps. In the first reaction step (primer), the aryldiazonium salts were chemically reduced to form aryl radicals which spontaneously got grafted onto the metallic surfaces. The second step of the reaction (adhesive) was optimized to achieve covalent binding between the grafted layer and PMMA or Bis-GMA. The chemical composition of the treated surfaces was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the bonding strengths between alloys and PMMA or Bis-GMA were measured. XPS characterization and contact angle measurement confirmed the presence of a polymer coat on the treated metallic surfaces. Whereas, the mechanical test results showed a significant increase of the tensile bond strength between PMMA and treated titanium or stainless steel wire by 5.2 and 2.5 folds, respectively, compared to the untreated control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the bonding strength between metallic brackets and Bis-GMA composite was increased after the treatment depending on the bracket design by 2 to 3.9 folds compared to untreated brackets. Diazonium chemistry provides an effective way of achieving a strong chemical bond between alloys and PMMA or Bis-GMA. The resulting bonding method can be utilized to further improve the properties of dental devices, reduce debonding of dental prostheses and brackets, provide more leverage in orthodontic cases with complex mechanics, and allow the use of brackets with smaller bases. / De nombreux appareils dentaires sont composés d'acrylique (c'est à dire d'un poly -méthacrylate de méthyle ou de bisphénol A- glycidyle méthacrylate) et de parties métalliques (par exemple en titane ou en acier inoxydable) qui sont collés ensemble. Ces dispositifs présentent souvent des défaillances mécaniques catastrophiques en raison de la faiblesse de la liaison entre les composantes en acrylique et celles en métal. Ces dispositifs comprennent les prothèses dentaires, alliant des cadres métalliques (c'est à dire de titane) et fils forgé avec de la résine acrylique, et les appareils orthodontiques, combinant de la résine acrylique avec des fils forgé en acier inoxydable ou un composite avec des supports en acier inoxydable. La force de liaison entre eux serait élevée si la liaison chimique, ce qui ne se produit pas spontanément, est utiliser en plus du verrouillage mécanique. Dans la première étape de la réaction, les sels d'aryl diazonium sont réduits chimiquement pour former des radicaux aryles qui sont spontanément greffés sur les surfaces métalliques La deuxième étape de la réaction a été optimisée pour réaliser la liaison entre la couche greffée et le PMMA ou le Bis-GMA. La caractérisation XPS et la mesure de l'angle de contact a confirmé la présence d'une couche de polymère sur les surfaces métalliques traitées. Les résultats des essais mécaniques ont montré une augmentation significative de la force d'adhérence à la traction entre le PMMA et le titane traité ou d'un fil en acier inoxydable de 5,2 et 2,5 plis, respectivement, par rapport au groupe témoin non traité (p < 0,05). La chimie de diazonium fournit un moyen efficace d'atteindre une liaison chimique forte entre les alliages et le PMMA ou le Bis-GMA. Le procédé de collage qui en résulte peut être utilisé pour améliorer les propriétés des appareils dentaires, réduire le décollement de prothèses dentaires et des supports, et permettre l'utilisation de supports avec des bases plus petites.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

AIM: To assess root parallelism after Invisalign® treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 101 patients (mean age: 22.7 years, 29 males, 72 females) treated non-extraction with Invisalign® by one orthodontist. Root angulations were assessed using the 4-point angulation tool (Dolphin imaging©); the long axes of adjacent teeth were traced, yielding a convergence/divergence angle. Acceptable root parallelism was assessed if the root angulation did not converge/diverge more than 7 degrees. Sites evaluated: between 1st molars and 2nd premolars, 2nd and 1st premolars, lateral and central incisors, and between central incisors in all four quadrants. The average change in mesio-distal root angulation was assessed between pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs. RESULTS: Paired t-tests were used to analyze the average change in mesiodistal root angulation. Statistically significant differences were obtained indicating a reduction in the convergence/divergence angles between teeth #16-15, #15-14, #11-21, #24-25, #25-26, #45-44, #42-41, #41-31, #31-32, and #34-35 (at p-value <0.05). The average change in root angulation was not affected (p>0.05) by age (Pearson correlation coefficient), gender, occlusion type (I, II, or III), or elastic use (unpaired, 2 sample t-test at p<0.05). Intra and inter-rater reliability for 20% of the studied sample was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient 3 test. All measured areas except teeth #16-15, #26-25, and #36-35 yielded good ICC reliability scores above 0.7. CONCLUSION: Root parallelism was improved post-Invisalign® treatment in ten of the fourteen areas evaluated. Thus, Invisalign® may be an effective treatment modality in controlling root angulation in non-extraction cases. / May 2016

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschr. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Jaap R. Zijp. Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.