Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2669. Adviser: R. Sue Day. Includes bibliographical references.

A range of seismic images likely to be encountered from stream-cut channels is examined with ray tracing computer modeling. The channel shapes, sizes, depths of burial, and associated geologies are examined to determine their effect on seismic images, waveforms, and ultimate interpretation. The study uses channel geometries taken from the Pulaski, Bush City, Moberly, and Nesvacilka channels which are assumed to he at various depths of burial. Results show that seismic sections often do not approximate geologic cross sections, that seemingly random reflections have geologic meaning, and that channels can be detected by their effects on the amplitude and shape of lower reflectors. The resolution of channels is summarized in tables of resolvability.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The purpose of this study is to identify barriers faced by Aboriginals when employing voice channels for political and civic participation. This article begins with an overview of literature addressing participation paradigms. It critiques previous literature and offers a mathematical model to address the cost-benefit analysis Aboriginals face when employing various voice channels within Canada. This study is divided into two parts. Part I examines the costs to employing voice channels typically ascribed to Aboriginal participation. Part II, employs a case study of an Environmental Assessment currently underway between BC Hydro and the West Moberly First Nations. The case study applies ideas developed in Part I, highlighting barriers to Aboriginal participation. Throughout, this research examines the colonial relationship found within Canadian institutions and offers a new approach to restructure the relationship between the Crown and Aboriginal peoples.

The purpose of this study is to identify barriers faced by Aboriginals when employing voice channels for political and civic participation. This article begins with an overview of literature addressing participation paradigms. It critiques previous literature and offers a mathematical model to address the cost-benefit analysis Aboriginals face when employing various voice channels within Canada. This study is divided into two parts. Part I examines the costs to employing voice channels typically ascribed to Aboriginal participation. Part II, employs a case study of an Environmental Assessment currently underway between BC Hydro and the West Moberly First Nations. The case study applies ideas developed in Part I, highlighting barriers to Aboriginal participation. Throughout, this research examines the colonial relationship found within Canadian institutions and offers a new approach to restructure the relationship between the Crown and Aboriginal peoples. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

A reach of Peace River between Fort St. John and Hudson’s Hope flows in a steepsided valley cut by meltwater and Holocene river flow through Cretaceous shale and sandstone covered by clay‐rich glaciolacustrine deposits. Numerous landslides occur on the banks, initiating in both the bedrock and overburden. Following a recently completed local landslide inventory and the completion of an airborne LiDAR survey, five landslides have been examined in detail: the Attachie Slide, the Moberly River Slide, the Halfway River Slide, the Cache Creek Slide and the Tea Creek Slide. Analysis of the five case studies suggests that most slope movements can be attributed to one of four dominant landslide failure mechanisms: compound rock slides, compound overburden slides, shallow rapid flow slides, and earth flows. Compound slides in bedrock and overburden are morphologically similar. Most have the character of compound slides, exploiting weak horizontal clay layers found at multiple levels in both materials. Typically, a sliding surface develops along a bedding plane presheared to residual friction and connects to a steep main scarp cross cutting the layers of rock and soil. Frequently this mechanism then repeats successively at multiple levels. The Cache Creek Slide and Tea Creek Slide are examples of compound slides in bedrock. The Moberly River Slide and the Attachie Slide are examples of compound slides in overburden. The toes of the slide deposits often assume the character of earth flow tongues which are intermittently removed by river erosion. Shallow rapid flow slides, such as the Halfway River Slide, are also common in the normally consolidated glaciolacustrine silts and clays of Glacial Lake Peace that overlie the study area.

A reach of Peace River between Fort St. John and Hudson’s Hope flows in a steepsided valley cut by meltwater and Holocene river flow through Cretaceous shale and sandstone covered by clay‐rich glaciolacustrine deposits. Numerous landslides occur on the banks, initiating in both the bedrock and overburden. Following a recently completed local landslide inventory and the completion of an airborne LiDAR survey, five landslides have been examined in detail: the Attachie Slide, the Moberly River Slide, the Halfway River Slide, the Cache Creek Slide and the Tea Creek Slide. Analysis of the five case studies suggests that most slope movements can be attributed to one of four dominant landslide failure mechanisms: compound rock slides, compound overburden slides, shallow rapid flow slides, and earth flows. Compound slides in bedrock and overburden are morphologically similar. Most have the character of compound slides, exploiting weak horizontal clay layers found at multiple levels in both materials. Typically, a sliding surface develops along a bedding plane presheared to residual friction and connects to a steep main scarp cross cutting the layers of rock and soil. Frequently this mechanism then repeats successively at multiple levels. The Cache Creek Slide and Tea Creek Slide are examples of compound slides in bedrock. The Moberly River Slide and the Attachie Slide are examples of compound slides in overburden. The toes of the slide deposits often assume the character of earth flow tongues which are intermittently removed by river erosion. Shallow rapid flow slides, such as the Halfway River Slide, are also common in the normally consolidated glaciolacustrine silts and clays of Glacial Lake Peace that overlie the study area.

A reach of Peace River between Fort St. John and Hudson’s Hope flows in a steepsided valley cut by meltwater and Holocene river flow through Cretaceous shale and sandstone covered by clay‐rich glaciolacustrine deposits. Numerous landslides occur on the banks, initiating in both the bedrock and overburden. Following a recently completed local landslide inventory and the completion of an airborne LiDAR survey, five landslides have been examined in detail: the Attachie Slide, the Moberly River Slide, the Halfway River Slide, the Cache Creek Slide and the Tea Creek Slide. Analysis of the five case studies suggests that most slope movements can be attributed to one of four dominant landslide failure mechanisms: compound rock slides, compound overburden slides, shallow rapid flow slides, and earth flows. Compound slides in bedrock and overburden are morphologically similar. Most have the character of compound slides, exploiting weak horizontal clay layers found at multiple levels in both materials. Typically, a sliding surface develops along a bedding plane presheared to residual friction and connects to a steep main scarp cross cutting the layers of rock and soil. Frequently this mechanism then repeats successively at multiple levels. The Cache Creek Slide and Tea Creek Slide are examples of compound slides in bedrock. The Moberly River Slide and the Attachie Slide are examples of compound slides in overburden. The toes of the slide deposits often assume the character of earth flow tongues which are intermittently removed by river erosion. Shallow rapid flow slides, such as the Halfway River Slide, are also common in the normally consolidated glaciolacustrine silts and clays of Glacial Lake Peace that overlie the study area. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

A discrepancy between the number of predoctoral internship applicants and Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers' internship positions has recently been noted (Gloria & Robinson, 1994; Murray, 1996). Applicants now outnumber positions available. This imbalance has caused researchers (e.g., Lopez, Moberly, & Oehlert, 1995) to focus on criteria affecting selection decisions. Researchers, who have relied strictly on non-experimental methodology, have ascertained that important and consistent criteria for intern selectors are breadth and types of clinical experiences, performance during interviews, and letters of recommendation.A criteria that was not specifically addressed in earlier surveys of intern selectors was doctoral program type (i.e. clinical, counseling, and school psychology). Interestingly, doctoral program type had been hypothesized by Gayer and Gridley (1995) to have a significant impact on intern selection decisions, such that a preference pattern would emerge with clinical applicants preferred over counseling applicants, and counseling applicants preferred over school applicants. This pattern was hypothesized to occur even if application materials from the three doctoral program types were identical. The present study, in the form of an experimental survey utilizing analogue techniques, was developed to test the aforementioned hypothesis. Results confirmed that doctoral program type has a statistically significant, moderate influence on intern screening/selection and that the hypothesized preference patterns pervasively exist across a variety of selector (e.g., gender and doctoral program type attended) and setting (e.g., geographic location, site type, population density in the site's locale, and socioeconomic status of a site's clientele) variables. Implications of this preference pattern and recommendations for applicants, trainers, and selectors are discussed. / Department of Educational Psychology

Vertebrate fossils have been discovered at several locations in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming). The Virginia Museum of Natural History's (VMNH) digsite is located in the eastern part of the Bighorn Basin, in the Coyote Basin. Many scientists have worked within these basins trying to describe the stratigraphy. One question specifically asked is where the boundary between the Morrison Fm. (Jurassic) and the Cloverly Fm. (Cretaceous) lies. This new study attempted to show if the current method (Kvale, 1986) of determining the boundary is appropriate. The stratigraphy of the area was examined using Kvale, 1986, Ostrom, 1970, and Moberly, 1960's work in order to see which model was more robust. The fossils in the VMNH digsite were used to supplement the stratigraphic data in determining the age of specific beds. All of Ostrom's units were identified throughout the study area. There is some doubt as to whether the units would be acceptable outside of the Coyote Basin because of laterally discontinuity. Nevertheless, his description of units is satisfactory for the study area, and is more appropriate than other methods. The geologic age of the dinosaurs uncovered in the VMNH quarry is in agreement with the age determined stratigraphically. The VMNH site is below Ostrom's Unit II, which would place it in the Late Jurassic. The determination of the Jurassic/Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary has not been resolved. However, since the Pryor Conglomerate member of the Cloverly Fm. can be identified throughout this area, it is proposed as the Morrison Fm./Cloverly Fm. boundary. / Master of Science

In the early 1990s polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) contamination of fish was widely associated with bleached kraft pulp mills. Regulations were put into place in Canada and elsewhere to reduce or eliminate the presence of these chemicals in pulp mill effluents. The industry quickly introduced treatment and process changes such as elemental (ECF) and total chlorine free (TCF) bleaching, which resulted in dramatically reduced PCDD/F concentrations in pulp mill effluents. However, PCDD/Fs may remain a concern for the receiving environment near bleached kraft pulp mills due to their tendency to persist in sediments and bioaccumulate in aquatic biota. Several studies conducted in the early 1990s reported significantly elevated levels of PCDD/Fs in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Particularly high concentrations were observed in the receiving environment of two mills in northern Ontario. The first mill, located in the town of Terrace Bay, discharges effluent into Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior. The second mill is located in Smooth Rock Falls, Ontario and discharges effluent into the Mattagami River where effects have been observed in fish collected downstream of the pulp mill. Over time, both mills have undergone a number of process upgrades, including a transition to 100% chlorine dioxide (ClO2) substitution. In 2006 the Tembec Smooth Rock Falls Pulp and Paper Mill closed permanently, while the mill in Terrace Bay has gone through a number of temporary shutdowns and is currently in the process of transitioning to a dissolving pulp process. Temporal changes in PCDD/F contamination was examined in white sucker historically exposed to BKME in Jackfish Bay and the Mattagami River, following mill process changes and closures. Historical data was summarized from studies conducted in the 1990s and analyzed along with liver tissue of male white sucker collected from each location in 2011 and 2012. The body burden of each fish was analysed using Toxic Equivalency (TEQ) calculations to account for concentration and relative toxicity of 2,3,7,8??? substituted PCDD/F congeners. At Jackfish Bay, concentrations of PCDD/Fs in surface sediment and dated sediment cores were used to document the spatial and temporal pattern of PCDD/F contamination in relation to historical process upgrades and operational changes at the mill. PCDD/Fs measured in white sucker liver samples collected from Jackfish Bay during gonadal recrudescence in the fall illustrate a decrease in mean TEQ from 74.2 ?? 20.9 pg???g-1 in 1991 to 3.34 ?? 2.05 pg???g-1 in 2012. These values were slightly elevated compared to the remote reference location at Mountain Bay, Lake Superior, which exhibited a mean TEQ of 1.88 ?? 0.45 pg???g-1 and 1.06 ?? 0.69 pg???g-1 in white sucker collected in fall 2011 and 2012, respectively. Although below consumption guidelines, trace levels of PCDD/Fs persist in fish collected from Jackfish Bay and these concentrations are suspected to reflect sediment contamination in Moberly Bay (part of Jackfish Bay). A unique PCDD/F contaminant profile, dominated by 2,3,7,8??? tetrachlorodibenzo???p???dioxin (TCDD) and dibenzofuran (TCDF), was observed in white sucker and sediment collected from Jackfish Bay. Analysis of surface sediment collected throughout Jackfish Bay revealed elevated PCDD/F concentrations, compared to reference areas in Lake Superior. TEQ values measured in surface sediment from the depositional areas of Moberly Bay exceeded the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) guidelines. In 1991 PCDD/F contamination, reported as mean TEQ, of white sucker collected downstream of the pulp mill outfall in Smooth Rock Falls reached levels of 111 ?? 86.2 pg???g-1. At the time, the mill utilized molecular chlorine (Cl2) in the bleaching sequence and employed primary effluent treatment. A dramatic decline was observed in PCDD/F concentrations of fish collected in 1993 and 1995, corresponding to implementation of 100% ClO2 substitution in the bleaching process. PCDD/F contamination in white sucker collected from the Mattagami River in 2011 and 2012 were similar upstream (0.53???1.49 pg TEQ???g-1) and downstream (0.75???2.87 pg TEQ???g-1) of the historical pulp mill outfall at Smooth Rock Falls, suggesting a return to background condition following the 2006 mill closure. Levels of 2,3,7,8???TCDD and 2,3,7,8???TCDF in liver tissue of fish collected downstream declined drastically compared to concentrations measured in 1991. The PCDD/F congener profile observed in white sucker downstream in 2011 and 2012 was more similar to fish collected from the reference site upstream than exposed fish collected in 1991. No sediment depositional areas suitable for taking a core sample were found on the river downstream of Smooth Rock Falls due to the nature of the system. This study supports the conclusion that particulate (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from continuous inputs of effluent were likely the primary source of PCDD/Fs to fish in these receiving environments, with only a small contribution from surface sediment. Results indicate a decreasing trend in PCDD/F contamination of white sucker historically exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent in the receiving environments of Jackfish Bay and the Mattagami River, consistent with mill process upgrades to eliminate the use of elemental chlorine from the bleaching sequence. Current levels of PCDD/Fs measured in white sucker collected from these locations suggest a return to background condition.