This investigation has been concerned with the behaviour of solid internal lubricant during mixing, compaction, ejection, dewaxing and sintering of iron powder compacts. Zinc stearate (0.01%-4.0%) was added to irregular iron powder by admixing or precipitation from solution. Pressure/density relationships, determined by continuous compaction, and loose packed densities were used to show that small additions of zinc stearate reduced interparticle friction during loose packing and at low compaction pressures. Large additions decreased particle/die-wall friction during compaction and ejection but also caused compaction inhibition. Transverse rupture strengths were determined on compacts containing various stearate based lubricants and it was found that green strength was reduced by the interposition of a thin lubricant layer within inter~particle contacts. Only materials much finer than the iron powder respectively) were able to form such layers. Investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of the decomposition of these lubricants on the development of mechanical properties in dewaxed or sintered compacts. Physical and chemical influences on tensile strength were observed. Decomposition of lubricants was associated with reductions of strength caused by the physical effects of pressure increases and removal of lubricant from interparticle contacts. There were also chemical effects associated with the influence of gaseous decomposition products and solid residues on sintering mechanisms. Thermogravimetry was used to study the decomposition behaviour of various lubricants as free compounds and within compacts. The influence of process variables such as atmosphere type, flow-rate and compact density were investigated. In a reducing atmosphere the decomposition of these lubricants was characterised by two stages. The first involved the rapid decomposition of the hydrocarbon radical. The second, higher temperature, reactions depended on lubricant type and involved solid residues. The removal of lubricant could also markedly affect dimensional change.

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The problem of this study is the development of a model curriculum for high school metallurgy students. The study was made at the Skyline Career Development Center of the Dallas Independent School District, Dallas, Texas. The study has three purposes. In addition to providing a model curriculum for high school metallurgy students, a second purpose is to describe the developmental processes by which the curriculum was derived. The third purpose is the evaluation of the basis of the content of the model curriculum. It was found that of the 76 concept-relationships stated, 64 were true as originally written according to the established rating criteria. It was also found that 64 of the 76 concept relationships stated were appropriate for understanding by high school students, although the two lists of 64 concepts were not identical. The unapproved concept statements were deleted or rewritten according to the established criteria. Only one of the 33 skills listed received a low rating. It was further found from a report of the metallurgy instructor that the 21 high school students in the metallurgy program had attempted a cumulative total of 374 of the 33 behavioral objectives in the curriculum and had accomplished a total of 289, or 78 per cent. Only 85 objectives, or 22 per cent, attempted were not completed, and 26 of these 85 were not finished because of a lack of time at the end of the school year.

Interactions in culture, science, and technology in early Islamic North Africa are studied through an examination of Maghribi metallurgy. My dissertation, based on the Social/Cultural Construction of Technology (SCOT) model (Bijker 1997), explores the impact of the Islamic religion and culture on scientific and technological change in the spheres of gold and silver minting, copper working, and iron smelting towards reconstructing the role and impact of metals in Islamic society. The purpose of my reconstruction is to define and contextualize early Islamic Maghribi metallurgy for a region and time period poorly defined in the history of metallurgical technology. The development of this history of technology involves the investigation of technical design within a religious framework, presenting explanations for the motivations of the use of certain metals from both their intrinsic and instrumental properties. This specialized history is important in that it provides information of significance on the larger scope of the history of technology and science and on the structure of Islamic society. This study uses multiple lines of evidence, including historical documents, numismatic evidence, and archaeological data in an effort to situate the role of early Islamic Maghribi metallurgy into the framework of the history of African metallurgy. The religious and cultural meanings of metals are outlined through the compilation of their mention in the qur’ān, the Hadīth, and the chronicles of travelers. Coinage survey positions the political and economic role of the Islamic state, and addresses the stability of western-periphery polities within the state and the concerns of a dogmatically motivated bimetal system. The site of al-Basra, Morocco, a state mint under the Idrisid rule (A.D. 788-959), is the source for the excavated metal materials; the metal artifacts, unprocessed minerals, slag, non-metal tools associated with the metal production, and metallurgical facilities are described in their historical context. This dissertation presents, for the first time ever, an English translation of al-dawHa al-mushtabika fī DawābiT dār al-sika (The Intricate Tree in the Realm of the House of Minting). This fourteenth century Arabic text details the meaning, production, and uses of metals in medieval Islamic society, and serves as a unit of study within Maghribi metallurgical technology. An ethnographic study of the metal artisans of Fes, Morocco provides a modern-day reflection to this reconstruction. This study supports the SCOT methodology by identifying the relationships between scientific and technological practices and systems of belief. The Islamic culture and its practices -- which were part codified religion, part belief system -- were subject to change based on the contextual situations of the society. This study demonstrates that the society’s metallurgical practices were subject to the same conditions. The metallurgical know-how within Islamic Maghribi society was, and is, a direct reflection of the unifying themes embedded in the culture.

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It has long been known that Anatolia (approximately present day Turkey) participated actively in diverse aspects of metallurgy from as early as the Neolithic period. This thesis treats various facets of the metallurgical industry from its outset in the 7th millennium B.C.to the end of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 B.C.) It collects together much of the geological data pertaining to the metalliferous ores of gold, silver, arsenic, and copper. Subjects also discussed are the methods of mining and smelting. Concomitant with these is a report on surveys made by the author (under the auspices of the Turkish Mineral Exploration and Research institute) on the location of early mining and smelting sites in Turkey. Analyses of slag and ore are included in the Appendices and Catalogues. The metalwork itself is presented in Catalogue form, and full reference is made to all the prehistoric Anatolian metalwork which has been analyzed. Based on the above data, the development of the metallurgical industry as a whole is viewed over the course of 5 millennia. Many more copper deposits, unknown to archaeologists and historians, are brought to light i n this study. The presence of these deposits allows us now to widen our scope of the development of the metallurgical industry, Instead of seeing it as dependent on a few major deposits such as Ergani, Murgul and Kastamonu, we can now reserve the option of offshoots and separate development in different areas of Anatolia. The metalwork, in fact, suggest this, though it does not become apparent until EB 11, from when the bulk of our documents dates. Earlier material is not lacking and does suggest an even more dispersed series of local metallurgies. Chalcolithic metallurgies were probably loosely associated, perhaps by sharing common sources, but they still appear to have remained culturally distinct. It was the coming together of the Chalcolithic cultures that provided the prolific metallurgical development witnessed in EB 11 and EB 111.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1928. / Vita. "Reprinted from Engineering and mining journal, vol. 124, 1927 ... vol. 125, 1928."

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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