博士 / 中國醫藥學院 / 中國醫藥研究所 / 81 / Hyperbilirubinemia is a common occurrence in the neonatal period. Almost every newborn infant will develop a serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration of greater than 2mg/dl during the first week of life. This hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn has been called neonatal jaundice. It is called Tai Huang or Tai Dan in Chinese medicine. Hyperbilirubinemia may be attributable to either pathologic or physiologic cause during the neonatal period. Immaturity of hepatic function has been cited as the major cause of jaundice in the newborn. The increased production of bilirubin and the reabsorption of unconjugated bilirubin from the intestine (through its enterohepatic circulation) cause loading of the hepatic cell with bilirubin. The effectiveness of phototherapy in reducing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and preventing its rise has been proved, but the complications of phototherapy have led to various attempts to reduce the necessary amounts and duration of phototherapy. Acupuncture therapy, the stimulation of acupoints or certain locations of the body by acupunture, is an important part of Chinese traditional medicine. It has been used in treating some disease such as allergic, infections and inflammatory disease. The effect of acupuncture on hormonal or immunological reactions was also observed. In the present study, wet try to determine whether acupuncture reduces serum bilirubin levels of jaundiced newborns. From November, l991 to February, 1993 at the China Medical College Hospital, 63 normal "healthy" full-term infants with pathologic hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin 12-15 mg/dl), with birth weights ranging from 2500 to 3800 gm, and postnatal ages between 4 and 5 days, were included in this study. The infants were divided into three groups. The study group of 17 infants were completely unclothed except for eye pads during phototherapy, which was continued for 48 hours. Photo-therapy lamps consisted of eight daylight white fluorescent light which were tested for irridiance every 1,000 hours (wavelengths 420-460 nm). The study group of 15 infants was treated with acupuncture every 24 hours for 2 days. The following acupoints were needled: ST-36 (Zusanli), BL-18 (Ganshu), BL-19 (Danshu), BL-20 (Pishu), GB-34 (Yanglingquan), LV-3 (Taichong) (bilaterally), GV-9 (Zhiyang) and CV-12 (Zhongwan). The needles were twirled manually 3 times and removed 20 seconds later. The remaining infants served as control. Cord blood was sent for blood typing. Capillary bilirubin concentrations and hematocrit values were monitored every 24 hours. Our study data demonstrates the effect of acupuncture in reducing bilirubin concentrations. The decrement of serum bilirubin concentrations during the 48-hour period was significantly rapid in the acupuncture group than that in the control group (P<O.05). The hematocrit values did not show statistically significant differences between the three groups. The infants remained clinically well during and after therapy. It has been reported that the acute administration of ANIT to rats produces cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. These effects have led to the use of ANIT as an experimental tool for study of liver injury in rats. Previous studies showed that some drug and Chinese herbs effectively protects the rats against ANIT induced liver injury. The effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on experimental hyperbilirubinemia and cholangitis were studied in the rat. A total of 43 male rats were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion, 18, 12 and 6 hr prior to and 6, 12 and 18 hr after challenge with oral α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 100 mg per Kg). Rats were sacrificed on 48 hours after challenge serum and live samples were taken for biochemical and histological analysis, respectively. The results revealed that rats treated with ANIT exhibited elevation in bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT as well as cholangitis. The protective role of acupuncture and moxibustion on experimental hyperbilirubinemia and cholangitis were obtained, as demonstrated both by the histological analysis of the live and serum biochemical findings. Thus, this study shows that acupuncture and moxibustion may be able to reduce serum bilirubin concentrations in jaundiced neonates and to inhibit ANIT-induced hyperbilirubinemia in rats. ANIT is metabolized in the liver which produce cholestasis and cytotoxicity. It has been well documented that the administration of single dose of ANIT to rats causes an acute cholestasis and intrahepatic cholangitis with little necrosis of liver cells within 48 hours. The histologic changes were accompanied by a rise in bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT in the serum. In the present study, the liver of rats exposed to ANIT revealed diffuse alteration of intrahepatic bile ducts, proliferation of bile ductules and periductutar inflammation as well as occasional mild hepatic necrosis. These morphological changes were accompanied by elevation in bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT. In rats receiving acupuncture or moxibustion biochemical and morphological parameters of liver injury were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the acupuncture and moxibustion showed protective effect on ANIT-induced liver damage in rats. Acupuncture therapy has long been shown to be clinically effective in the control of allergies, infections and inflammations. It has been practiced in China for many centuries. Previous studies had demonstrated that acupuncture may be able to induce neurohormonal or immunological reactions. The effect of acupuncture in stimulating the hepatic system was also investigated. Thus, the organ function are accelerated. According to ancient Chinese literature, needling of these acupoints is commonly used to treat some clinical symptoms including the jaundice, chest pain and abdominal pain. Previous reports showed that they are "useful" points for stimulating the hepatic system. Therefore, we selected these acupoints for the study of hepatic protective effect. Moxibustion, the stimulation of acupuncture points by burning moxa wool, is an important part of Chinese traditional acupuncture. Recently, moxibustion has been used in treating disease such as allergic, malignant, inflammatory and infectious diseases. The effect of moxibustion on hormonal or immunological reactions was also observes. Moxibustion not only cures disease, but also exerts a preventive action on some disease. In Chinese traditional medicine, moxa wool may be able to warm and remove obstruction of the canals as well as improve circulation and activate the immune system. Thus, the organ function are accelerated. The results of present study indicate that acupuncture and moxibustion effectively protects the rat against liver injury induced by ANIT and reduces serum bilirubin concentrations in human neonates. This suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion may acts as some kind of regulator, and which may regulate or accelerate the hepatic system via stimulating or regulating the neuroendo-crine system. However, more work is need to confirm the results of our present study.

碩士 / 國立高雄應用科技大學 / 電機工程系 / 100 / This study focused on phototherapy optical system design and development, we use the parabolic reflector to change LED light shift for parallel light, Improve the shortcomings of the phototherapy, when it uses the distance increases the face illumination is lower. we use the elliptical reflector to collect the LED sidelight and make convergence another focus of the ellipse and then use the mirror reflected back the collect light to the parabolic reflector, increase the light use efficiency and improve facial illumination uniformity.

碩士 / 國立陽明大學 / 微生物及免疫學研究所 / 102 / Defects in angiogenesis or collateral vessel development are major complications of metabolic syndrome such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a fundamental role in post-natal vascular repair. The number, as well as the activity, of circulating EPCs in DM patients has been reported to be impaired in DM progression. Far-infrared (FIR) transfers energy into the form of heat which can be perceived by the thermoreceptors in human skin as radiant heat. Several studies revealed that infrared sauna therapy could improve vascular endothelial functions and boost angiogenesis. FIR has been widely used in clinical treatment for anti-inflammatory therapy and improving peripheral circulation. In addition to occlusive vascular repairing, increasing evidence showed that FIR is likely to be applied in a variety of cardiovascular disorders, hypertension and arthritis. Yet mechanisms of FIR and biomarkers to indicate FIR effects are unclear. Here we show that FIR treatment improves EPCs functions, and the angiogenic activities of EPCs are correlated to the exposure time of FIR. We find high glucose (HG)/DM-EPCs possess poor angiogenic activities and the lowest level of NRIP1 (RIP140), a FIR-induced gene in EPCs. Moreover, miR-134, an anti-angiogenic microRNA filtrated from the small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, was found to target NRIP1 and up-regulated in HG/DM-EPCs. Knocking down miR-134 in HG/DM-EPCs restored the expression level of NRIP1 and EPCs angiogenic activities. Both miR-134 and NRIP1 could be affected by FIR. In conclusion, our results reveal that FIR treatment can help EPCs activation, and the deregulation of miR-134 would eventually lead to angiogenic defects in DM patients. FIR holds the potential to develop a new phototherapy for DM patients, for cultured DM-EPCs autograft, and for concentrated PBMC blood transfusion. Detection of the expression of miR-134 in FIR-treated EPCs should help to examine the effectiveness of phototherapy. Manipulating the expression of miR-134 in malfunction EPCs may also be another therapeutic approach.

碩士 / 長庚大學 / 早期療育研究所 / 102 / Background and purpose: Late-preterm infants are defined as infant born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks' gestation and account for majority of all preterm births. In clinical practice, late preterm infants are often considered functionally and developmentally mature and managed as term neonates. Accumulating data indicate that risks of mortality, morbidity and neurodevelopment problems are significantly greater in late preterm infants than previously believed. However, the extent of developmental outcomes of late preterm infants in their early years remains largely under-researched in Taiwan. Apart from biological factors, child development is affected by home environment and caregivers’ characreristics based on the theories of Ecological or Transactional Model. To our knowledge, the risk factors for poorer development outcome of late-preterm infants have not been exhaustively investigated in Taiwan using cohort studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the predictability of late preterm (vs full term) and the related covariant (biological and environmental factors) on the development outcomes using cohort study design. Methods: We use cohort study design. The multiple developmental outcomes are used to compared the group differences between 18 late preterm infants (34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks of gestation) at corrected age of 4 months and 100 full term infants ( >37 weeks of gestation) at chronological age of 4 months, including the Comprehensive Development Inventory for Infants and Toddlers (CDIIT), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Second Edition (PDMS-2). The predictors of developmental outcomes included biological factors, maternal and environmental factors (family characteristics) and General movements assessment (GMs). Chi-square test was conducted to investigate the associations between biological / environmental factors and late preterm (vs full-term). Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to examine the predictability of pre-term (vs full-term) on dichotomous developmental outcome (AIMS <10 percentile) and continuous developmental outcomes (CDIIT developmental quotients [DQs] and PDMS-2 DQs) controlling for related biological and environmental factors. Results: Mothers of the late preterm infants, compared with mothers of term infants, were more likely to have perinatal illness history (33.3% vs 6%, respectively, p= .000). Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubnemia requiring phototherapy were more likely to occur in late preterm infants (2% vs 0%, respectively, p= .02; 50% vs 19%, respectively, p= .01). Late preterm infants had statistically significant higher percentage of AIMS <10 percetile (50% vs 10%, respectively, p= .000). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that late preterm was a significant factor for adverse motor outcome measured by AIMS (Adjusted OR=6.8, 95% [1.61~28.68], p= .01) controlling for related biological and environmental factors. Regarding the developmental outcomes measured by CDIIT and PDMS-2, though late-preterm itself was not a significant predicator for developmental outcomes, we found phototherapy requiring phototherapy predict significant lower DQs for late-preterm infants than full-term infants in CDIIT cognition DQs(CDIIT cognition DQs, B=-8.51, 95% [-14.43~-2.58], p= .005), CDIIT motor DQs (CDIIT fine motor DQs, B=-6.19, 95 % [-11.46~-.93], p= .022), PDMS-2 total motor DQs (PDMS-2 total motor DQs, B=-4.79, 95% [-7.41~-2.11], p=.000); PDMS-2 gross motor DQs (PDMS-2 gross motor DQs, B=-4.26, 95% [-6.73~1.79], p=.001) and PDMS-2 fine motor DQs (PDMS-2 fine motor DQs, B=-4.5, 95% [-7.21~-1.68], p= .002). Infants of mother with higher education level had lower CDIIT self-help DQs (CDIIT self-help DQs, B=-3.1, 95 % [-6.19~-.01], p= .049. Small for gestational age (SGA) infants were more often had lower PDMS-2 total motor DQs (PDMS-2 total motor DQs B= 4.66, 95 % [.16~9.16], p= .042) and PDMS-2 gross motor DQs (PDMS-2 gross motor DQs, B= 4.56, 95 % [.34~8.78], p=.035). Conclusions: Late preterm infants at mean corrected age 4 months old are at a relatively higher risk of motor-related developmental problems compared with full-term infants at mean chronological age 4 months old. Based on the multiple outcome indexes, the risk factors for the development of infants at 4 month age were late-preterm and hyperbilirubnemia requiring phototherapy, maternal higher educational level and small for gestational age (SGA). Clinical implications: Though late-preterm infants are at relative lower biologically risks for developmental outcomes, the delay in motor development can be recognized as early as 4 months of age. Further research regarding long-term follow-ups is needed to explore whether “catch-up” in later life emerge for infants born late preterm. The strategies of preventing pregnant women from having late-preterm infants, periodically surveillance and follow-ups for late-preterm infants, and instructions and support for their families would be the responsibilities of related health care providers and early interventionists.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用化學系碩博士班 / 102 / With the gradual enhancement of environmental awareness, the development of green luminescent materials has been an important issue in phosphors research. This research is attempted to synthesize and investigate new UV-emitting materials, which can be excitated by 172 nm and used for the applications of phototherapy, sterilization, and disinfection. We have explored and investigated the luminescence mechanism of four series of UV-emitting phosphors, including nine types of rare earth-doped phosphates, silicates and borates. In this study, using the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source provided by National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), as well as the X-ray diffraction technique and electron microscopy analysis, we have prepared and investigated UVB-emitting NaCa(Y,Gd) (PO4)2, Na2(Y,Gd)2O(BO3)2, Li6(Y,Gd)(BO3)3, Na(Y,Gd)Si2O6, NaCa (Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2, Li6(Y,Pr,Gd)(BO3)3 and Na(Y,Pr,Gd)Si2O6; UVC- emitting NaCa(Y,Pr)(PO4)2 and Na(Y,Pr)Si2O6. Under excitation at 172 nm, the NaCa(Y,Gd)(PO4)2, Na2(Y,Gd)2O(BO3)2, Li6(Y,Gd)(BO3)3, Na(Y,Gd)Si2O6, NaCa(Y,Pr,Gd) (PO4)2, Li6(Y,Pr,Gd)(BO3)3 and Na(Y,Pr,Gd)Si2O6 phosphors were found to give sharp UVB emission centered at 313 nm, which was attributed to the 4f7→4f7 transition of Gd3+. Under the same excitation, NaCa(Y,Pr)(PO4)2 and Na(Y,Pr)Si2O6 were found to emit UVC light, which was found to be due to the 4f15d1 →4f 2 transition of Pr3+. With the co-doping of Pr3+ as a sensitizer, NaCa(Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2, Li6(Y,Pr,Gd)(BO3)3, and Na(Y,Pr,Gd) Si2O6 exhibit a much stronger emission at 313 nm. The emission intensity of the UVB-emitting NaCa(Y0.8293Pr0.0007Gd0.17)(PO4)2, Li6(Y0.695Pr0.005 Gd0.3)(BO3)3 and Na(Y0.775Pr0.005 Gd0.22)Si2O6 was found to be 1.6, 5.4, and 1.4 times that of the UVB emission of the patented LaB3O6:Bi3+,Gd3+ commodity, respectively. Our investigation results indicate that the above three Pr3+/Gd3+-coactivated phosphors may have great potential for practical application in phototherapy and tanning. The luminescence performance of all types of UV radiation was found to be crucially dependent on the chemical compositions, bonding and crystal structure of the host matrix.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用化學系碩博士班 / 101 / Facing the challenge of global warming and environmental concern, the development of green luminescent materials has been an important issue in phosphors research. This research is attempted to develop environmental friendly UV-emitting materials, particularly those are not disclosed previously in the literature and excitable with xenon excimer discharge devices, for the applications of phototherapy, sterilization, and disinfection. We have explored and investigated the luminescence mechanism of nine series of UV-emitting phosphors, including rare earth-doped silicates, phosphates and borates. In addition to X-ray diffraction technique and electron microscopy, the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source provided by National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has been used to explore and investigate the luminescence of UV-emitting phosphors, such as UVB-emitting KBa(Y,Gd)Si2O7, KBa(Y,Gd)(BO3)2, Ca4(Y,Gd)O(BO3)3, Na3(Y,Gd,Pr)(BO3)2, KCa(La,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 and KSr(Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 and UVC-emitting KCa(La,Pr)(PO4)2 and KSr(Y,Pr)(PO4)2. Under excitation at 172 nm, KBa(Y,Gd)Si2O7, KBa(Y,Gd)(BO3)2, Ca4(Y,Gd)O(BO3)3, Na3(Y,Gd,Pr)(BO3)2,KCa(La,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 and KSr(Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 were found to emit UVB light centered at 313 nm, which was attributed to the 4f 7→4f 7 of Gd3+.Under the same excitation, KCa(La,Pr)(PO4)2 and KSr(Y,Pr)(PO4)2 were found to emit UVC light, which was found to be due to the 4f15d1 →4f 2 transition of Pr3+. The emission wavelength of all types of UV radiation was found to be crucially dependent on the chemical compositions, bonding and crystal structure of the host matrix.

碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 生物醫學工程學系 / 100 / Sufficient evidence suggests that phototherapy can improve wound healing of diabetes with no side effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) phototherapy in diabetic rat model. Thirty diabetic rats were used and divided into treatment and control groups. In treated rats, the left-flank wound was irradiated with 610 ~ 670 nm OLED wavelength peak at 632 nm, 4 J/cm2, 3 mW/cm2, 22.22 minutes every two days. The right flank of treatment group and both sides of controls were not irradiated. To assess the treatment effects, the wound area was evaluated by image processing software (ImageJ) as well as from the hemoglobin concentration measurement on the wound surrounding area using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Furthermore, the tissue structure was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H＆E) staining and the skin tension of wound closure was measured using tensile tests. Our study indicated that significant differences (p 〈 0.01) between treatment-irradiated and control group for percentage of wound contraction during the wound healing. The NIRS results showed that the hemoglobin concentration on the wound of control was higher than that of treatment group at the proliferation phase. The high hemoglobin concentration might be related to the protracted inflammatory response of diabetic wound. Skin tensile strength of treatment group was 2.6 times higher (p 〈 0.05) than that of control at two months after surgery. The H＆E staining showed that the leukocyte infiltration of control was more serious than treatment group on 10 and 22 days post surgery. In summary, the OLED phototherapy can accelerate the healing rate, reduce the inflammatory reaction, and improve the skin tensile strength.

碩士 / 國立高雄應用科技大學 / 機械與精密工程研究所 / 93 / Low Level Laser Therapy(LLLT) is a non-invasion therapy, can reduce the alternately infection opportunity which because injects produces, and wavelength 830 nm has an influence of stimulating increased in ATP production and increases in endorphin levels, reduces pain ,etc.. The device uses semiconductor laser of wavelength 830nm, output power is 60mW, the purpose is to design a portable mechanism and esay to use, can use general 9V battery , needn't do the adjustment of any parameter , users can use directly, needn't medical personnel or company of professional personnel, operate simple , add attachment system, can let user oneself treating device fix and shine the position, needn't rely on the help of other people again , can finish treating by oneself . This system is divided into 4 pieces of structure, voltage regulation, control unit , laser diode drive and the battery indicator respectively. Voltage regulation as offering the voltage that CPU needs in voltage; Control unit and regard CPU as the core, control and treat the procedure entirely; It is to control the laser operation situation to drive the circuit laserly; The battery points out it is the operating position of letting the user know the battery. It is time up , control unit will send the signal for the buzzer , tell users to treat to been over , and close the power automatically. In the future, and then the one that expected can cooperate with medical organization to implement medical treatment to study formally , and can research and develop the new medical auxiliary equipment according to medical personnel's suggestion and need , if the phototherapy of the large area shines, depends on the demands for laser’s power , such as size of focus and severity , depth of focus position ,etc., act as its space researched and developed.

The photophysical properties of porphyrin and phthalocyanine photosensitisers for the photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT), sterically hindered porphyrins and a novel chemotherapeutic agent (Mitoxantrone), have been investigated using the time resolved techniques of laser flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis, fluorescence and near infrared luminescence. Current topics of interest in PDT and phototherapy of neonatal jaundice are the use. of 5-aminolaevulinic acid to stimulate the formation of protoporphyrin IX for treatment of tumour and skin lesion, and the formation of the potentially cytotoxic species, lumirubin, by green light irradiation of infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Continuous irradiation, and steady state techniques have been used to study the photoproduct, and singlet oxygen formation, by these systems. The effect of environment on the photophysical properties of haematoporphyrin has been studied. It was found that under certain conditions the triplet state lifetime and relative quantum yield are enhanced. The results of this have been used to suggest an explanation for enhanced singlet oxygen yields in such environments. A novel water soluble phthalocyanine with no peripheral substitution, but the axial ligands conferring the desired property, has been studied and found to have a triplet state lifetime in aqueous solution of approximately O.7J.1s, and a singlet oxygen yield of zero. Yet this phthalocyanine has been reported to be efficient sensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of cancer. This supports current discussions that mechanisms other than type II (singlet oxygen) could be of significance in the destruction of tumours.

碩士 / 台南應用科技大學 / 生活應用科學研究所 / 100 / The effects of phototherapy on skin color and fineness were studies and compared to evaluate the difference using red, green, blue, and yellow LED lights. 3W LED light sources were used with red in 629.6nm (Full Width Half Maximum  14.0nm), green in 526.9nm ( 36.3nm), blue in 460.6nm ( 20.3nm), and yellow in 590.9nm ( 13.1nm) and a three-week continuous exposure on the right hand of the patients was conducted while the right hand was used as a comparison. Questionnaires of 5 grade assessment were used to evaluate the psychological felling of the skin quality improvement by the patient himself or by objective observers. The results show 1. the skin color is whiter and finer week by week using red light phototherapy compared with other three different LED lights. 2. the yellow light phototherapy can also improve the skin quality as the red light therapy but the effect is significant only in the early first and second weeks. 3. the green light phototherapy can improve the skin fineness in the first two weeks, but not significant in improving the skin color. 4. the blue light phototherapy can also improve the skin fineness, but the effect is significant after two-week irradiation. The improvement in skin color is also not as significant.