The persistence of high global mortality rates directly attributable to cardiovascular disease drives ongoing research into novel approaches for improved diagnosis and treatment of its primary underlying cause, atherosclerosis. Combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic (IVUS/IVPA) imaging is one such modality, actively being developed as a tool for improved characterization of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. The pathophysiology associated with progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques leads to characteristic changes in arterial morphology and composition. IVUS/IVPA imaging seeks to expand upon the ability of clinically utilized intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging to assess vessel anatomy by adding improved sensitivity to image the underlying cellular and molecular composition through intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging of either endogenous chromophores (e.g. lipid) or exogenously delivered contrast agents. This dissertation focuses on the expansion of IVUS/IVPA imaging using exogenous contrast agents to enable the detection and subsequent optically-triggered therapy of atherosclerotic plaques. The passive extravasation and aggregation of systemically injected plasmonic gold nanorods absorbing within the near infrared tissue optical window within plaques of atherosclerotic rabbit models is first demonstrated, along with the ability to localize the contrast agents using ex vivo IVUS/IVPA imaging. The motivation for nanoparticle labeling of atherosclerosis is then expanded from that of purely image contrast agents to vehicles for image-guided, dual-modality phototherapy. The integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter is utilized for photothermal delivery with simultaneous IVPA temperature monitoring using the high optical absorption of gold nanorod contrast agents to enable localized heating. Subsequently, the potential role for IVUS/IVPA-guided phototherapy is further expanded through the characterization and in vitro assessment of novel multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles comprised of a gold nanorod core with a degradable, photosensitizer-doped silica shell. Together, the results presented within this dissertation provide a framework for ongoing research into the expansion of IVUS/IVPA imaging as a platform for complimentary diagnosis and local treatment of atherosclerotic plaques using multifunctional theranostic nanoparticle contrast agents. / text

碩士 / 國防醫學院 / 護理研究所 / 90 / Abstract The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical implementation of kangaroo care (KC) and related factors. The data collection methods of this study were observation, interview, and questionnaires. Four medical centers and one regional hospital in Taipei were observed from the premature labor at delivery room to the implementation of KC at pediatric ward. The samples consisted of 30 mothers and 35 preterm infants. The head nurses of the KC implementation ward were interviewed. One hundred eighty-one nurses who work in the obstetric or pediatric wards answered the questionnaires. The results indicate that five hospitals only provided the early, intermediate, and late KC at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the birth and very early KC were not available at delivery room or recovery room. The opportunities and criteria were preterm infants who have received the close treatment and observation, vital sings stable, no bradycardia or apnea events; preterm infants receiving phototherapy or intubated with assisted ventilation could participate in KC. Not only did mothers provide KC, but also family members, such as father or uncle. Five hospitals only provided privacy with screens for KC practice, no specific KC room was provided. No implemental standard for KC practice and the nurse’s knowledge about KC indication were deficit. The related factors for KC practice in clinical settings were as follows: (1) the preterm infants who have more chance to received KC were the ones with smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, or longer length of stay; (2) mother was confined during the month after childbirth, another child was at home, and parents were lack of information of KC, which prevented mother from visiting her infant; (3) the ward design and nursing theme were the concept of maternal-infant separation which decreased the chance of parent-infant interaction and KC practice; (4) there were lack of implemental standard for KC practice; (5) compared to the nurses in the general ward, nurses had larger workload in the NICU and no time for KC assistance; besides, some nurses’ knowledge about KC were deficit, so they were not actively to supply KC information to parents. From this study, we suggest that nurses need to be educated the knowledge of KC; for example, emphasize the value of KC to early parent-infant interaction, offer evidence-based nursing research of KC benefit to parents, define the policy and procedure standards for KC as routines, and develop the KC brochure for parents. In addition, maternal-infant nursing should be linked together, such as “rooming-in” for preterm infants. Therefore, obstetric nurses can provide the chance for skin-to-skin contact of mother and infant after birth, offer information of KC for parents to overcome the barriers of doing the month or length of stay, and improve the early contact of mother and infant.

碩士 / 國立嘉義大學 / 生物機電工程學系研究所 / 95 / Abstract The study on phototherapy has been of long history and it’s application a an be found in several areas. The development of the phototherapy was limited till the invention of Laser and the invention of semiconductor. Technological innovation offers four features on application of phototherapy : monochromaticity, collimation, brightness, and coherence, makes Laser widely applied in every field. Laser, in the past, was applied in medical treatment by photothermal effects, using strong heat to cut off, damage, or stop bleeding of body tissue. With the improvement of laser technology, low-powered laser develops rapidly in bio-medical field. It has been pointed out in many research that the light of certain wavelength helps cells grow and facilitates fibroblast to grow collagen. And since the epidermis has the character of absorbing the light of certain wavelength, low-powered laser can damage melanin through this character to make the skin whiter. Moreover, improved photodynamic therapy not only makes the therapies of cancers more convenient, but also applies on the cures of acne. Some researchers even tried to use Laser on steatolysis in order to improve traditional liposuction. According to the statistics from ASPS, the face skin and the shape of the body remain the main proportion in the business of plastic surgery. In that case, this study, based on clinical literature, builds an aesthetic equipment with phototherapy, using laser to whiten the skin, facilitate the cells to grow, and activate the fibroblast to secrete collagen. Keywords: Phototherapy, Laser, Fibroblast, Collagen, Acne.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 護理學研究所 / 96 / Breast milk is the best nutrition for newborn. Over the past 10 years, the Department of Health has expanded breast feeding program aggressively. Therefore, more mothers choose to breast feed their babies. Since postpartum mothers can only learn the knowledge and skills regarding breast feeding in a couple days in the hospital after given birth to their babies, how to help these mothers learn effectively has become an important issue. So we can avoid complications resulted from excessive weight loss due to mothers’ insufficient knowledge and skills regarding breast feeding. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between newborns’ breast feeding practice in the hospital, their physiological variation, and other related factors. Findings will not only provide a clinical data base for future references but also provide data and guidelines for clinical nurses while helping mothers learn breast feeding. This is a longitudinal survey design study. Using purposive sampling, 185 healthy full-term newborns, including 105 normal spontaneous delivery and 80 cesarean section from a medical center in Taipei which have an average of 3000 newborns per year were included for study. Data were collected from 2008 January 15 to April 3. Information regarding the mothers’ and the newborns’ basic attributes, breast feeding practice, and the physiological variation in the hospital were collected using various types of physiological measurement tools and 3 scales. The previous includes the use of electronic baby weight machine, transcutaneous bilirubinometer, hematocrit centrifuge, and bilirubinometer. The later includes a breastfeeding assessment tools named "LATCH Scoring System", Lactation Assessment Form, and Neonatal Conditions Record Sheet. At the same time, using the "Lactation Assessment Form," observed mother''s lactation capacity, and the "Neonatal Conditions Record Sheet" to record newborn’s daily breast feeding frequency and the amount of time, the number and nature of urine and bowel movements, body weight and jaundice changes. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 version. Descriptive analysis, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson''s correlation, Multiple regression analysis were used. The results showed that during the hospitalization, the number of newborns fully breastfeed was 32 (17.3%); breastfeed but added glucose water was 58 (31.4 %); breastfeed but added formula was 95 (51.4 %). The number of newborns still having meconium on the 3rd day after birth was 23 (12.4%), still having crystal urine is 32 (17.3%). While in the hospital, the number of newborns’ weight loss more than 7% and less than 8% of the birth weight was 36 (19.5 %), most happened in the first two days after birth; more than 8% less than 10 % was 79 (42.7 %), most happened in the first two days after birth also; more than 10 % was 29 (15.7 %), most happened in the first three days after birth. During the hospital, the number of newborns received hyperbilirubinemia and accepted phototherapy treatment was 34 (18.4%). The correlation analysis showed that mode of delivery was significantly related to feeding patterns, LATCH score, lactation capacity, and weight changes; mother’s age were significantly related to feeding patterns, weight changes and whether or not to accept phototherapy treatment; neonatal feeding patterns were significantly related to LATCH points, lactation capacity, neonatal non-physiological weight loss, and whether or not to accept phototherapy treatment; neonatal non-physiological weight loss were significantly related to mother’s age, mode of delivery, and feeding patterns; neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were significantly related to mother’s age, newborn’s sex, and feeding patterns. Based on the research findings, in order to assist newborns suck breast milk effectively and help mothers breast feeding successfully, prenatal delivery education including knowledge related to breast feeding is strongly recommended. Furthermore, newborn Pediatric and Obstetric care should work together for newborns and mothers, because good support from family and healthcare workers can help mothers continue breastfeeding, so that newborns receive appropriate nutrition to reduce occurrence of non-physiological weight loss and hyperbilirubinemia. Key words: breast feeding practice, physiological variation, non-physiological weight loss, hyperbilirubinemia.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects around two percent of the population. There are many treatments available for the management of psoriasis including topical therapy, systemic agents and phototherapy. Despite the number of treatments available, however, there are still problems in the management of psoriasis. It is suggested here that the thioredoxin enzyme system may play a role in the pathology of psoriasis. Using specific molecular modelling techniques, a lead compound, RDP00060, was identified as a potential inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, a key enzyme in the thioredoxin system. In vitro RDP00060 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the thioredoxin enzyme system with an IC50 value of 1.4 mM. RDP00060 also showed powerful activity in an MTT assay using a human papilloma virus immortalized keratinocyte (HPV-16) cell line. To increase the inhibitory activity towards thioredoxin reductase, molecular modelling techniques were used to identify analogues of RDP00060 with a high binding affinity for thioredoxin reductase. Several novel compounds were then synthesized, characterized and evaluated for inhibitory activity towards the thioredoxin system. One of the compounds, N-(3,4-bis-(toluene-4- sulfonylamino)phenyl)-2-furamide (33f) showed good inhibitory activity against the thioredoxin enzyme with an IC50 value of 37 μM. It is anticipated that N-(3,4- bis-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)phenyl)-2-furamide (33f) binds to thioredoxin reductase irreversibly through a 1,4-conjugate addition mechanism. This compound also showed powerful activity in the MTT assay using an HPV-16 immortalized keratinocyte cell line. Further testing revealed that N-(3,4-bis-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)phenyl)-2- furamide (33f) also showed apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in human Tcells. As a result of this work, N-(3,4-bis-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)phenyl)-2- furamide (33f) has been selected for further investigation as a potential antipsoriatic agent.

碩士 / 朝陽科技大學 / 環境工程與管理系碩士班 / 96 / Abstract In recent years the environment hormone has become the important environment subject, lists in the main virulent organic compound based on US Environmental Protection Department. The aromatic compound holds the perspective, the multi-link aromatic hydrocarbon (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs) was recent years Guang Shou takes the environment pollutant. But origin of the PAHs mainly to contain the hydrocarbon compounds incomplete combustion or use of process the petrochemical fuel. After PAHs enters in the atmosphere, because of does, the wet subsidence to enter the surface and to carry on the response sludging or by the plant absorption with the soil, then affects the human body. The light catalyst has widely applied on many organic pollutant processing, and result. When the light catalyst accepts the foot photo source takes energy of the electronic jump, will produce the so-called electronic electricity right. Its electronic electricity hole to after oxygen, water contact will form has the strong oxidizing ability • OH to be possible to destroy the organic pollutant effectively. After processing finished, by a raid of extraction method confirms the Pyrene residual density, effect of the knowing photochemical catalysis Pyrene. This research by sol - gelatin law and precipitation method preparation nanometer TiO2 and ZnO. Uses the FE-SEM confirmation catalyst particle size, and designated that in American environmental protection bureau announcement 16 kind of PAHs Pyrene takes the pollutant. Way of take the manual configuration, compounds the Pyrene contaminated soil density as 100 mg kg-1. . The ether sunlight takes energy of the stimulation catalyst, use nanometer TiO2and the ZnO irradiation has not processed in the capping mass, the laterite with the irradiation the Pyrene pollutant. And takes the control group by the quartz sand. Also shows that phototherapy not to deal with as light processing significantly, as better-handling, and a catalyst dose and soil pH value as a control factor, catalyst and quantity of soil and the proportion of control for 0.5,1,3,5% (w / w) The results showed that add a dose of catalyst and Pyrene degradation rate was positively correlated, but added 3 percent and 5 percent of its degradation Photocatalyst dose rate difference was not significant. KOH with H3PO4 and then adjust the soil pH value for the pH 4, pH 8, a photocatalytic treatment showed that the soil pH 4 of the photocatalytic Pyrene degradation rate better. Key word：Photocatalysis, PAHs, Photocatalyst, Pyrene, Electron-hole pairs

碩士 / 義守大學 / 電子工程學系碩士班 / 94 / Light, playing an important role in human’s life, can be used in various fields, such as plant cultivation, animal growth and breed, and medical treats. Following the laser and IPL (Intense Pulse Light), a LED comes onto the stage of dermatology. Some scholars in contemporary applied LED on the research of phototherapy, and proved the effect of LED. However, the effect of LED is just limited in the single symptom, such as acne, jaundice, and joint paints, etc. Given the advantages of LED, including small size, long life-span, regular wave-length, and the accommodation of the DC power, this study is devoted to a multi-function phototherapy instrument, with lights of different wavelength, such as red, green, or blue light, the power of irradiation and the mode of irradiation, to achieve the effect of the various photo therapies.

碩士 / 中原大學 / 醫學工程研究所 / 95 / The aim of study was to determine the effect of 630 nm light-emitting diode (LED) photo-stimulation on burn wound healing in rats. Wistar rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i. p.), a metal rod pre-heated to 100℃ was used and applied to the dorsal side of the rats for 20 sec. Four burn areas were created and the average size of each burn site was 1×1 cm2. Sham phototherapy was applied in a Group of rats as control group. The rats in Alternative group were Under phototherapy with a dose of 14 mW/cm2 and the irradiation time was 280 sec/treat/every other day. And the rats in Continuous group were Under phototherapy with same dose and the irradiation time was 280 sec/treat/every day.The setting of energy density was 4 J/cm2. The wound healing were evaluated the wound area; re-epithelialization; cell counting and Nutrophils/Macrophages ratio to compare these three different groups on wound repair in Wistar rats. In the results show that phototherapy probably accelerates the rate of wound closure in Wistar rats. On post-burn day(PBD) 25 the wounds were healed in control group, but before that wounds on rats of Continuous group were totally healed on PBD21, and Alternative group on PBD23. Neutrophil and macrophage numbers appears in different time. In control group, the numbers of neutrophil has a peak value on PBD7 and macrophage on PBD15. As Alternative group has their peak value of neutrophil on PBD7 and macrophage on PBD11. Continuous group has their peak value of neutrophil on PBD5 and macrophage on PBD11. The ratio of neutrophils/macrophages of Alternative group was 0.9007 on PBD17, as Continuous group was 0.7926 on PBD15. The ratio of non-irradiation group was 0.7689 on PBD19. Finally, we conclude that light-emitting diode irradiation can accelerate the wound healing process in rats. But it shows no significant difference between two group which were both under phototherapy.

碩士 / 國立台北護理學院 / 護理研究所 / 95 / Uraemic pruritus is a frequent and disabling symptom for patient on dialysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Narrow Band Ultraviolet Phototherapy on Pruritus and Quality of Sleep in uremia patients who were undergoing hemodialysis treatment. A qusai-experimental design was used and data were collected from one hemodialysis clinic of a Regional Teaching Hospital located in the northern Taiwan. A convenient sample was used. Patients were randomly assigned to either the phototherapy group (n＝16) or the control group (n＝16). Patients in the phototherapy group received 3~5 minutes of phototherapy, three time per week for two weeks. Patients in the control group received the routine care as usual. The measuring tools included the pruritus scale, pruritus Visuals Analog Scale , Epworth Sleepiness Scale and blood Biochemical test . The descriptive statistics, Mann-Whiney U Test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Generalized Estimating Equations (SAS-GEE procedure) were used for data analysis. The result showed： （1）narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy was an effective treatment for patients with uremic pruritus（2）The serum phosphate and phosphate × calcium appeared to decrease after NBUVB phototherapy, but not statistically significant(p＝0.064 and 0.076)

碩士 / 崑山科技大學 / 機械工程研究所 / 96 / The phototherapy commonly used by many hospitals to cure neonatal Jaundice, use a light source (such as fluorescent lamp) with fixed luminance. Some new devices are implementing the LED, which becomes cheaper and are more effective than the fluorescent lamp. With most of device, most of the fabricants don’t consider the effectiveness of the light source over the baby’s skin surface (which is above 30 µW/cm2/nm for breaking the bilirubin level by transforming bilirubin into water-soluble isomers that can be eliminated without conjugation in the liver), which most of the times the phototherapy devices are not effective covering all the baby’s skin with the minimum light intensity over the surface, which means fabricants don’t concern about this efficiency matter; covering most of the baby’s skin with enough light. In this project we promote effectiveness, by using TracePro light simulation software, which we are able to simulate the propagation of the light, in this project we design a baby dummy (which it’s sizes are close to a real baby), where we can measure the effectiveness of the light over the skin surface. With TracePRO we show the results of an actual device and also propose a new design to use as an example for improving the effectiveness. Using simulation software we can get better results and hoping developers use this method for exchanging the phototherapy device performance, which babies patients are the ones who have the benefits.