Purpose To evaluate how lean production should be modified to be suitable for implementation in the production of digital, customized products and how the first phase of this implementation can be conducted. Research Questions RQ1: What constitutes waste when producing digital, customized products, and to what extent can the waste be eliminated? RQ2: Which lean concepts and tools are suitable to apply in the production of digital, customized products? RQ3: What steps are necessary for initial implementation of lean production for production of digital, customized products, and how should they be prioritized? Methodology The empirical findings are the result of a single case study focused around in-depth analysis and understanding of concepts and relationships. The data is collected through interviews work shops and observations during a period of three months. Conclusions RQ1: The types of waste are; Waiting, Transportation, Over processing or incorrect processing, Excess inventory, Unnecessary efforts, Defects and Unused employee creativity. Waste are further classified as removable, non-removable and in some instances necessary. RQ2: Unsuitable concepts: Value stream mapping (varying level of unsuitability), Kaikaku, Just in time, Stopping the  line (without modifications) and Physical visual controls. Redundant concept: Pull. Especially suitable concepts: 5 Why, Decentralized responsibility, Digital visual controls and Isolating variation. Suitable concepts: Elimination of waste, Root cause analysis, Genchi genbutsu, Kaizen events, Flow, Stopping the line (with modifications) and Standardization. RQ3: Step I: Aligning the production strategy and process with the organization’s strategy and goals. Step II: Standardization. / Syfte Att utvärdera hur lean production bör modifieras för att vara lämpligt för implementering i produktion av digitala, kundanpassade produkter och hur den första fasen av implementationen bör genomföras. Forskningsfrågor F1: Vad utgör slöseri när man producerar digitala, kundanpassade produkter, och i vilken utsträckning kan slöseriet elimineras? F2: Vilka lean-koncept och lean-verktyg är lämpliga att använda i produktion av digitala, kundanpassade produkter? F3: Vilka steg är nödvändiga för initial implementation av lean production i produktion av digitala, kundanpassade produkter, och hur ska de prioriteras? Metod En fallstudie med fokus kring djupgående analyser och förståelse för koncept och samband utgör de empiriska resultaten. Datan är inhämtad genom intervjuer, work shops ochobservationer under tre månader. Slutsatser F1: Typerna av slöseri är: väntetid, transport, onödiga eller felaktiga processteg, överproduktion, onödig ansträngning, defekter och outnyttjad kreativitet. Typerna av slöseri är vidare klassificerade som eliminerbara, icke eliminerbara eller i vissa fall nödvändiga. F2: Olämpliga koncept: värdeflödesanalys, kaikaku, just in time, jidoka, fysisk visuell kontroll. Redundanta koncept: pull. Speciellt lämpliga koncept: 5 Why, decentraliserat ansvar, digital visuell kontroll och isolering av variation. Lämpliga koncept: eliminering av slöseri, analys av rotorsaker, Genchi genbutsu, Kaizen event, Flöde, Jidoka (med modifikation) och Standardisering. F3: Steg I: Strömlinjeforma produktionsstrategin med organisationens strategi och mål. Steg II: Standardisering.

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The Swedish energy companies have several different systems for data collection of the energy consumption of their clients. Often computerized remote meter readers are put in practice in order to register the energy consumption of large companies. The majority of household clients, however, are read off by the assistance of manual methods. Household power consumption is read off once a year. As a result, these clients are not debited for their actual consumption; their invoices during the year are the result of estimations. At times when the electricity supply system is highly loaded, electricity is more expensive. Nevertheless all clients are billed with an average price. Many clients are dissatisfied with this situation. A large number of clients find it difficult to understand their invoices and demand them to be made easier to understand and to contain a specification of actual energy consumption. The Swedish Gov. wants energy companies to decrease the number of power peak loads and so new regulations concerning more frequent meter readings will probably be put in practice. In this essay different kinds of methods are described for data collection with the purpose of finding out which method power companies in Sweden should adopt in the future. Computerized systems that power companies could use are for example CustCom, Mcom and BBIF20. These systems are based on hourly remote meter readings, monthly remote meter readings and hourly remote meter readings combined with certain control functions. Finally it is recommended that power companies in Sweden should introduce hourly remote meter readings on all the power consumption provided that new regulations concerning more frequent meter readings are put into practice.