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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
481

Från spontan- till regelbunden givare. : En studie som undersöker spontana givares intention att förändra sitt beteende och börja skänka pengar regelbundet

Sjöberg, Siri, Eriksson, Cecilia January 2016 (has links)
De senaste tio åren har det skett en stor ökning av monetära gåvor till humanitära hjälporganisationer i Sverige. Trots att de monetära gåvorna har ökat, har behovet ökat i större utsträckning. Just nu pågår konflikter eller allvarliga kriser i 27 länder runt om i världen och 89,4 miljoner människor är i behov av hjälp. FNs sökta summa för att möta dessa människors behov är 11 miljarder dollar mer än vad de efterfrågade för fem år sedan. Förutom detta innebär akuta kriser, likt vid tsunamin år 2004 att det sker närmast explosionsartade ökningar av spontana gåvor till hjälporganisationer. Även om dessa gåvor är viktiga för organisationerna innebär regelbundna gåvor en större möjlighet för planering och flexibilitet Detta faktum innebär att det är av stor vikt att öka antalet regelbundna givare. Studier har visat vad det är som gör att en individ väljer att skänka pengar till en hjälporganisation eller inte. Däremot saknas det vidare forskning kring olika typer av givare och deras eventuella skillnader. Enligt modellen Reasoned action approach kan en individs intention att utföra ett beteende härledas till individens attityd, subjektiva norm och upplevda kontroll över det specifika beteendet. Genom att ta reda på måtten på dessa samt intentionen går det sedan att förutspå samt förändra beteendet. Det faktum att spontana givare valt att stödja hjälporganisationer och deras arbete med monetära bidrag men ändå inte valt att teckna ett regelbundet givande gör att det är av intresse att undersöka vad som påverkar en spontan givares intention till att förändra sitt beteende. Således är studiens frågeställning: Vad påverkar en spontan givares intention att förändra sitt beteende och bli regelbunden givare? För att besvara frågeställningen och uppfylla syftet med studien genomfördes en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkät som distribuerats via sociala medier. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet visade det sig att spontana givare inte har intentionen att börja skänka pengar regelbundet till humanitära hjälporganisationer i Sverige. Spontana givares attityd, subjektiva norm och upplevda kontroll över beteendet bidrar alla tre till deras intention. Det som till störst del bidrar till intentionen är deras upplevda kontroll över beteendet i form av känslan av att de kommer ha råd med regelbundna donationer samt att processen att tecknat ett sådant avtal är enkel. Denna information kan användas av hjälporganisationer för att öka antalet regelbundna givare.
482

The role of the corticomotor system in precision finger movements

Mantel, Gerardus Wilhelmus Henricus January 1987 (has links)
The ability to perform precise and relatively independent movements of the fingers is an important feature of the primate's motor repetoire. A substantial amount of evidence suggests a special role for the hand area of the motor cortex in the execution of these movements, and in particular, thoses cells which make direct cortico-motoneuronal connections with motoneurones innervating the hand muscles. The axons of these corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells form part of the pyramidal tract. The subject of this study is the influence of these CM cells upon the activity of hand muscles in the conscious monkey performing a precision grip task between thumb and index fingers. Three aspects of the cortico-motoneuronal connection have been investigated; 1. The effect of discharges in individual CM cells on the gross e.m.g. activity of intrinsic hand and forearm muscles, and the distribution of these effects over various muscles. 2. The effect of individual CM cell discharge on the single motor unit activity in the intrinsic thumb muscles. 3. The significance of differences in firing frequency of individual CM cells upon their modulation of gross e.m.g. The spike-triggered averaging technique was employed to study the overall effect of identified pyramidal tract neurones (PTN) on gross e.m.g. activity. Rectified gross e.m.g. was averaged with respect to the discharges of single PTNs. The influence of the triggering cortical cell was revealed in the averages as a transient increase in muscle activity at the appropriate time after the cell had fired. This effect is called post-spike facilitation (PSF). The occurance of PSF in the spike-triggered average was taken as evidence that the triggering cells made a direct, presumably monosynaptic, connection with the motoneurones of the muscle in question. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of PSF are discussed. The activity of 5 to 10 intrinsic hand and forearm muscles were averaged with respect to individual PTNs. In this way the PSF distribution over different muscles, produced by one cortical cell, could be determined. It was established that CM cells produce PSF in a relatively restricted number of muscles (2-3 out of 10 tested). The impact of CM cells on the discharge activity of single motor units was studied by cross-correlating both spike trains. To overcome the considerable sampling problem, the occurrence of PSF in the spike-triggered gross e.m.g. average was used as a criterion for further cross-correlation analysis. The cross-correlogram peaks half-width and onset latency were suggestive for monosynaptic excitation of the motoneurones. Different approaches are discussed to estimate the strength of these connections and to relate these strengths to the number of synpatic boutons that the CM cell makes upon its target motoneurones. In terms of the number of extra discharges fired by the single motor unit in response to CM cell firing, the effects can be described as weak (5-20 extra motor unit spikes per 1000 CM cell discharges). It was possible to study the connectivity of single CM cells with different motor units of the same muscle by simultaneously recording several (2-5) motor units. It was found that if a CM cell showed a correlogram peak with one of the concurrently sampled motor units, most other motor units sampled from the same muscle would give correlogram peaks with the same CM cell. This finding is suggestive for a rather diffuse collateralization of the CM cell axons within the motoneurone pool of the target muscle. Finally the influence of different firing frequencies of CM cells on the form and strength of PSF effects was investigated. A striking result was that discharges preceded by long interspike intervals (> 50ms)could still exert quite powerful excitatory effects. The results of this series of experiments further elucidate the nature of the corticomotoneuronal connection and give an impression of the facilitatory capacity of single CM cells on motoneurons innervating the hand muscles.
483

Stick-slip vibration and is constitutive laws

Smith, Jonathan Hurndall January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
484

Feeding competition in red deer hinds

Thouless, C. R. January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
485

Graphical and longitudinal models in credit analysis

Sewart, Pete January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
486

The neural basis of longitudinal coordination in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis

Tunstall, Mark J. January 1992 (has links)
No description available.
487

Combined temperature and strain cycling effect on three steel alloys

Al-Zamily, A. A. H. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
488

The reduction of injurious pecking in laying hens : a study of feather pecking motivation

Kim-Madslien, Frances Belinda January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
489

The structure and phase equilibria of fluids in confined systems

Ball, P. C. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
490

Game-theoretic models of parental care

Gasson, Catherine Emma January 1999 (has links)
No description available.

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