For the last hundred years, fishermen¡¦s associations have played the role of bridging between government and fisheries. The purposes of fishermen¡¦s associations are to assist government in the implementation of fishery policies, to serve fishermen and to improve their lives. Hence, fishermen¡¦s associations have contributed significantly to the construction of fishing villages and the development of the fisheries industry. The founding and development of fishermen¡¦s associations proved to be an extremely difficult undertaking; unfortunately, they failed to respond to the changing environment in time. Finally, fishermen¡¦s associations became less functional, and lost their advantages and past glory. Hence, it is imperative to consider how to improve the organization and management performances of fishermen¡¦s associations via transition and innovation. It is also expected that through strategic alliances and effective integration of resources, the cultural and natural resources of fishing villages will be employed to develop their unique appeal to leisure tourism. For this reason, this research aims to evaluate and analyze the organization, functions and positioning of fishermen¡¦s associations and the problems they are encountering at present. Within the scope of the Fishing Activities Act, this research also aims to explore if fishermen¡¦s associations can increase their revenues and enhance their services by organizational transition and operational innovation. From the literature review, the research finds that fishermen¡¦s associations are encountering the following problems: operations are inflexible and adjustments are slow; there is insufficient research and development; employees are not professional enough; the election process is complex; the fishing industry is declining, and members lack confidence in the associations and their existing values. From empirical case studies, the research finds that associations have uncertain roles and positioning, but they have substantive social functions and meanings. In the future,fishermen¡¦s associations should be directed to develop a leisure fishery industry. To improve the efficiency and service quality of fishermen¡¦s associations, and to assist the associations in launching innovative services, the research initiates the following suggestions. (1) Fishermen¡¦s associations should first define their roles and improve their economic functions. (2) The credit departments of fishermen¡¦s associations are important because they are located in fishing villages and are convenient for fishermen. It is suggested that credit departments should be included in the branches of the Agricultural Bank of Taiwan to integrate existing resources and expand economic scales. (3) It is suggested that the Government should direct the promotion and service sections and that each fishermen¡¦s association should assist. Representatives from the government, industry and academia should meet on an annual basis to systematically compile teaching materials to promote the fisheries and to improve the lives of fishermen. (4) The executive secretary of the fishermen¡¦s association should be elected directly by its members, so that the executive secretary can represent public opinion and fulfill his/her obligations and responsibilities. (5) The associations should be free from political and party intervention to increase the influences of policies. (6) Core resources should be integrated to improve competitiveness. (7) Scholars and experts should visit all fishermen¡¦s associations to diagnose their operation and human resources, and then draft strategies to solve the problems and to develop new business. (8) Fishermen¡¦s associations should fulfill their social responsibilities to help form a brand new image.

Scegliere di consumare in modo sostenibile significa passare ad un nuovo modello di consumo. Tale modello richiede una maggiore consapevolezza e responsabilità da parte dei consumatori, unite all'adozione di nuovi stili di vita e di scelte d’acquisto, che permettano il raggiungimento di elevati livelli di benessere nel rispetto dell'ambiente. Un notevole sforzo è stato compiuto recentemente dai policy maker per incoraggiare il consumo sostenibile quali implementazioni dello sviluppo sostenibile. Ancora lunga, tuttavia, è la strada da percorrere per raggiungere pienamente questo obiettivo. Tra i prodotti sostenibili, il biologico si è rivelato di gran lunga il più rappresentativo: le statistiche di questo mercato mostrano, infatti, tendenze positive, sebbene il consumo risulti ancora eterogeneo e contenuto rispetto al consumo di alimenti convenzionali. Ciò mostra che il comportamento dei consumatori non è ancora abbastanza reattivo alle suddette politiche. Il presente studio si propone di contribuire alla ricerca sul consumo sostenibile approfondendo i fattori che incoraggiano o impediscono il consumo di prodotti alimentari biologici in Italia. Adottando un nuovo approccio si cerca di capire come i diversi segmenti di diete alimentari affrontino gli alimenti biologici in termini di consumi e di atteggiamenti. Un'analisi multivariata a più fasi è stata condotta su un campione di 3.004 consumatori. Un’analisi delle componenti principali non lineare è stata applicata alle variabili ordinali che misurano il consumo di ventuno categorie di alimenti. Successivamente è stata applicata la cluster analysis che ha dato luogo a quattro segmenti di abitudini alimentari. I prodotti biologici sono diventati parte delle abitudini alimentari in Italia in quasi un terzo della popolazione. Il consumo sembra essersi affermato soprattutto nel segmento con abitudini alimentari sane. Una scarsa attenzione ad una dieta sana, gli stili di vita, il reddito, l'accessibilità, la mancanza di consapevolezza condizionano le abitudini alimentari a scapito di un consumo più sostenibile. / Choosing a sustainable consumption means shifting to a new consumer pattern. It requires greater awareness and responsibility from the consumer side, with the adoption of new lifestyles and purchasing choices enabling to achieve high levels of well-being and satisfaction while respecting the environment. A great effort has been made in last three decades by policy makers worldwide to encouraging sustainable production and consumption putting in practice the sustainable development principles. Still a long way is needed to achieve this objective. Organic food is one of the most representative sustainable product. World and European organic food market statistics highlight positive trends, although consumption results heterogeneous and low compared to conventional food consumption. This implies that consumer behavior is still not sufficiently responsive to policies on sustainable consumption. The present study aims to contribute to extant research on sustainable consumption investigating the factors that encourage or prevent consumption of organic food products. Adopting a new approach it tries to understand how different food diet segments face organic food in term of consumption and attitudes. A multi-step multivariate analysis was carried out on an Italian consumer survey on 3,004 respondents. A nonlinear principal component analysis was applied to variables measuring consumption frequencies for 16 food categories and 5 beverage categories measured on an ordinal scale. In a second step a two stages cluster analysis application provided four food habit segments. Organic products have become part of the eating habits in Italy in almost a third of the population. The consumption seems to be developed mostly in a segment also pursuing healthy eating habits. Low level of attention to a healthy diet, lifestyles, income level, accessibility, a lack of awareness of sustainability condition food habits to the detriment of more sustainable consumption.

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Aquesta tesi pretén radiografiar objectivament i amb voluntat exhaustiva l’edició de traduccions literàries a Catalunya durant els anys de la dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera. A partir d’una base de dades que aplega vora 2.000 traduccions, més de 600 autors, aproximadament 450 traductors i un centenar d’editorials, s’incideix en l’estudi dels autors traduïts, les editorials responsables de publicar aquestes traduccions, els traductors més actius i la consideració que mereix la seva tasca en la premsa coetània. / Esta tesis pretende radiografiar objetivamente y desde un enfoque exhaustivo la edición de traducciones literarias en Cataluña durante la dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera. Partiendo de una base de datos que reúne cerca de 2.000 traducciones, más de 600 autores, unos 450 traductores y un centenar de editoriales, se incide en el estudio de los autores traducidos, las editoriales responsables de publicar estas traducciones, los traductores más activos y la consideración que merece su trabajo en la prensa del momento. / The main objective of this PhD. Thesis is to objectively analyse literary translation and edition in Catalonia during the Primo de Rivera dictatorship. On the basis of a comprehensive database that includes about 2.000 translations, more than 600 writers, around 450 translators and almost 100 imprints, the focus is set on studying those writers translated back then, the houses publishing translations, the most active translators and their presence in printed press.

a b s t r a c t The effects of arsenic stress on the production of low molecular weight thiols (LMWT), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) and sulfur metabolism of mesquite plant (Prosopis sp.) were examined in hydroponic culture at different arsenic [As(III) and (V)] concentrations. The production of LMWT was dependent on As speciation and concentration in the growth medium. The roots of As(III) treated plants produced significantly higher LMWT levels than As(V) treated roots at the same concentration of As applied. In leaves, the thiols content increased with increasing As(III) and (V) concentrations in the medium. Hypersensitivity of the plant to high As concentrations was observed by a significant decrease of LMWT produced in the roots at 50 mg/L treatment in both As(III) and (V) treatments. Sulfur was translocated from roots and accumulated mainly in the shoots. In response to As-induced phytotoxicity, the plants slightly increased the sulfur content in the roots at the highest As treatment. Compared with As(V)-treated plants, As(III)-treated roots and leaves showed significantly higher GST activity. The roots of both As(III) and (V) treated plants showed an initial increase in GST at low As concentration (5 mg/L), followed by significant inhibition up to 50 mg/L. The leaves had the highest GST activity, an indication of the ability of the plant to detoxify As in the leaves than in the roots. The correlation between LMWT content, S content and GST activity may be an indication these parameters may be used as biomarkers of As stress in mesquite.

Una stampa libera e plurale è un elemento fondante di ogni sistema democratico ed è fondamentale per la creazione di un’opinione pubblica informata e in grado di esercitare controllo e pressione sulle classi dirigenti. Dal momento della loro creazione i giornali si sono imposti come un’importantissima fonte di informazione per l’opinione pubblica. La seconda metà del Novecento, inoltre, ha conosciuto innovazioni tecnologiche che hanno portato grandi cambiamenti nel ruolo della carta stampata come veicolo di trasmissione delle notizie. Partendo dalla diffusione della televisione fino ad arrivare alla rivoluzione digitale degli anni ’90 e 2000, la velocità di creazione e di trasmissione delle informazioni è aumentata esponenzialmente, i costi di produzione e di acquisizione delle notizie sono crollati e una quantità enorme di dati, che possono fornire moltissime informazioni relative alle idee e ai contenuti proposti dai diversi autori nel corso del tempo, è ora a disposizione di lettori e ricercatori. Tuttavia, anche se grazie alla rivoluzione digitale i costi materiali dei periodici si sono notevolmente ridotti, la produzione di notizie comporta altre spese e pertanto si inserisce in un contesto di mercato, sottoposto alle logiche della domanda e dell'offerta. In questo lavoro verrà analizzato il ruolo della domanda e della non perfetta razionalità dei lettori nel mercato delle notizie, partendo dall’assunto che la differenza di opinioni dei consumatori spinge le testate a regolare l’offerta di contenuti, per venire incontro alla domanda di mercato, per verificare l’applicabilità del modello utilizzato (Mullainhatan e Shleifer, 2005) al contesto italiano. A tale scopo si è analizzato il comportamento di alcuni quotidiani nazionali in occasione di due eventi che hanno profondamente interessato l'opinione pubblica italiana: il fenomeno dei flussi migratori provenienti dalla sponda sud del Mediterraneo nel mese di ottobre 2013 e l'epidemia di influenza H1N1 del 2009. / A free and plural press is a central element of every democratic society and is crucial for the development of an informed public opinion, which can control and address the ruling classes. Since their creation, newspapers have been a very important source of information for the public opinion. From the second half of the twentieth century, moreover, several technological revolutions have modified the role of the press as a vehicle for the circulations of news. From the diffusion of the television to the digital revolution of the last two decades, creation and reporting of news has increased exponentially, and a huge quantity of data is now available to readers and researchers. Although the digital revolution has drastically reduced the material costs of news production, publishing companies have to face many other types of cost. This is the reason why this the production and the distribution of news are characterized by market processes and consequently by supply and demand driving forces. Aim of this work is to study the role of the demand and of the bounded rationality of readers, which are especially interested in news consistent with their beliefs. The model of market for news considered (Mullainhatal and Shleifer, 2005) is based on the idea that the differences between readers opinions lead mass-media to diversify their offer of news and to assume positions that can be even more radical than the readers’ ones. To verify the validity of the model for the Italian market for news, the behaviour of some important newspaper has been studied. The articles that have been analysed concerned two events that had a strong impact on the Italian public: the management of migratory flows coming from Northern-African countries during the month of October 2013 and the endemic spread of H1N1 flu (swine flu) in 2009.

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No description available.