Matthew Arnold's literary criticism has recently been recognized as exhibiting a "controlled oscillation" between various antithetical points of view. This thesis analyzes these points of view, shows how Arnold sometimes succeeded in reconciling these opposites, and then goes on to show that Eliot's literary criticism can be analyzed in the same way. Eliot and Arnold are shown to be both classic and romantic critics; that is, broadly speaking, to judge both by rules and by individual impressions. These antithetical limits are partially, but not entirely synthesized. Next, analysis of Arnold's criticism leads to the conclusion that Arnold usually judged literature by the moral ideas it expressed, but that the ideas were inextricably involved with their literary form. Eliot finds judgment by idea distasteful because of his commitment to Church of England dogma, but also tends, although with less success, toward the synthesis achieved by Arnold. Another set of antithetical viewpoints held by Arnold and Eliot are those of the disinterested critic vs. the social advocate. Again, a partial resolution is suggested. Close similarity between the two critics' views on the tradition is demonstrated, but an opposing progressive element in both men's thought is also revealed. However, the two categories are shown to be not mutually exclusive. Finally, the style and critical method of Arnold and Eliot is analyzed and is seen to exhibit antithetical tendencies. Both critics alternate between tones of persuasiveness and exhibitions of tactlessness. Both methods reveal a combination of analysis and dogmatism, although Eliot's dogmatism is always admitted to be personal opinion. Neither Arnold nor Eliot attack a critical problem from the same viewpoint at all times; they are pragmatic critics who will try any method that seems to work best at the moment. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Samuil Iakovlevich Marshak (1887-1964), the virtual founder of children's drama in Soviet Russia, made wide and frequent use of folk elements in the seven plays that he wrote for children. The> two plays studied here, Koshkin dom (The Kitten's House) and Dvenadtsat' mesiatsev (The Twelve Months), are close to folktales in form as well as in the world view that they present. The Kitten's House, a verse play, is a dramatization of the typical animal tale of folk-literature. The Twelve Months, a play mainly in prose with some verse in it, is a mixture of animal lore, magic and fantasy, with a more involved plot. This study attempts to identify the folk elements in these plays and to show how the plays are linked with folk-literature in general and Russian folk-literature in particular. Furthermore, The Twelve Months is seen to be derived from a Czech folktale. An attempt is also made to show how Marshak uses folk elements to project certain social values. Seen against the background of his life, especially his sustained endeavour to improve children's education, Marshak"s plays can be readily understood to be deliberately designed instruments of social instruction. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

In the course of attempting to prepare 3,6-bis(hydroxy-methyl)-s-tetrazine via the reduction of 3,6-bis(carboxy)-s-tetrazine with lithium aluminum hydride, it became apparent that the tetrazine ring was cleaved.

In my thesis with the translated title “A Systematic-theologian account from an epistemological perspective on the theology-science dialogue”, I take epistemology ……., – fused with transcendence – as point of departure in order to understand the theologian-science debate within a theologian as well as a philosophical context. As a starting point, the research reflects upon humans as they are involved in practical and relevant day to day situations, consequently religious, within a religious, philosophical and natural science contexts. (Theology) constitute the so called first discourse in due course, the natural sciences follows as the second discourse. Within the context of epistemology and the cosmology metaphor embedded in a transcendental philosophical viewpoint, we are ultimately led to a ‘third discourse’ as an answer to the theological-science debate. Five statements guide the unfolding of the research process, namely: first that the religion-science discourse is shaped by the biological make-up of human beings. This entails that the discourse / debate starts and ends with human dimensions. Second, we as humans long for something metaphysical that gives us our sense and longing for life, and that includes religion, philosophy and mysticism. Third, the natural science is entertained as the second discourse where an interdisciplinary debate between the philosophical-cosmology and cosmology as metaphor is manifested as a metaphysical longing with strong ties in our thought towards the metaphysical. It examines the deconstruction as well as the participation of human resources for human rationality and in doing so it proposes that evolutionary epistemology sustains the theological question of biological roots and origin for human rationality. Fourth, a theological reflection questions whether Jesus Christ may provide an answer to this religion-science debate from a reinterpretation of a hermeneutical Christ. Fifth, and last, a meaningful perspective that all three discourses be intertwined as a process to encourage the dialogue / debate as a ‘third discourse’ between the religion-science debates. Viewpoints on Jesus Christ as theological paradigm and the way beliefs are synthesised are also examined from various theological and philosophical angles: the palaeontologist-theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and the the Danish systematic theologian Niels Gregersen, German systematic theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg, as well as certain South African systematic theologians namely, Wentzel J. van Huyssteen, Daniël P. Veldsman, Cornel W. du Toit and Klaus Nürnberger. The research focus on mentioned theologians reveals a closer but different understanding of the religion-science debate with Jesus Christ as theological point of departure. The closer, but different clarification of the religion-science debate is elaborated on and subsequently justified by a discussion of different definitions of the place of Christ in the religion-science debate. A tentative indication of the road to a new kind of metaphysical Christian religion-science debate is suggested, which entails a transformation of Christian Christology as manifested in the ‘third discourse.’ Finally, the terms Spirit and Hope are identified especially by the German theologian Jürgen Moltmann and his Theology of Hope and The Crucified God are discussed as integral parts of the theological paradigm and syntheses of believes. At the same time, their significance for the synthesis of the religion-science debate is indicated. The importance and crucial role of hermeneutics are subsequently elucidated within the theological religion-science discourse. The research opening statement in which the research problem is formulated, is taken up/explained/explicated in the conclusion as…….that human intentionality for life can be accommodated in the religion-science debate. The loose based (paradoxical) discourse that is called the ‘third discourse’ can be accommodated in more than one religion, philosophy, or intuitive infinite believe in a person’s spiritual life and can satisfy humans in their expectations, experiences, hopes, fears, in their vulnerable existence within the contexts of the religion-science discourses. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria 2015. / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / PhD / Unrestricted

Se analizan tres aspectos relacionados con los procedimientos robustos, especialmente en el modelo de regresión lineal simple y multivariada. El primer aspecto se refiere a los funda- mentos teóricos de los métodos robustos presentándose un resumen de la notación adoptada en los problemas a tratar. El segundo aspecto trata sobre la implementación del "software" ROBETH sobre plataforma S-PLUS con aplicaciones a conjuntos de datos. El tercer aspecto trata de la realización de una pequeña guía explicativa de los principales rasgos de programación y convenciones del ROBETH. Esta tesis está organizada de la siguiente manera: el Capítulo 1 trata sore el análisis de los problemas de locación de una y dos muestras; el Capítulo 2 se refiere a soluciones robustas de los problemas de regresión lineal basadas en M-estimadores; el Capítulo 3 se refiere al cálculo de la estimación de la matriz de cavarianza de los coeficientes estimados según el Capítulo 2. Y finalmente el Capítulo 4 ser refiere al cálculo de estimadores con alto punto de ruptura en regresión lineal. Se incluye, además, apéndices que contienen rasgos de programación y convenciones del ROBETH. Se adjunta un CD, en donde se detalla el desarrollo de cada una de las subrutinas tratadas en los capítulos anteriores y algunas subrutinas de servicio mencionadas en el apéndice A.

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El embalse Paso de las Piedras, fuente de agua potable de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca y alrededores, se encuentra eutrofizado. El arroyo El Divisorio, afluente directo, aporta altas concentraciones de nutrientes a dicho embalse. Por otro lado, tanto las aguas subterráneas como el arroyo El Divisorio, aportan concentraciones de arsénico que superan los límites permitidos por el Código Alimentario Argentino y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (10 μg/L). Desde hace décadas, el uso de humedales artificiales para la remediación de aguas residuales y eutrofizadas es una técnica aprobada y utilizada con éxito, ya que es una alternativa ecológica, económica y de fácil manejo. El método se basa, al igual que en los humedales naturales, en la combinación de procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos en un medio diseñado, construido y manejado por el hombre. Las plantas de los humedales juegan un rol importante en el proceso de depuración del agua ya que las mismas puede tener papeles activos derivados de la actividad fisiológica y papeles pasivos, en los que intervienen procesos físicos por efecto de la presencia de las plantas en el sistema. Muchas especies de macrófitas son utilizadas como biofiltros en humedales artificiales. La selección de las especies vegetales debe realizarse de acuerdo a la adaptabilidad de las mismas al clima local y a condiciones climáticas diversas, capacidad de transporte de oxígeno de la superficie a la rizósfera, de su tolerancia a altas concentraciones de contaminantes así como de su capacidad para asimilarlos, de su alta presencia en la zona donde se va a instalar el sistema, de la facilidad para recolectarlas y posterior transporte y su fácil autogeneración. En la cuenca del Sauce Grande se encuentra presente la macrófita Senecio bonariensis (Compositae) y la macroalga Cladophora surera (Chlorophyta). Se construyeron dos humedales funcionando en paralelo en la ribera del arroyo El Divisorio cerca de la desembocadura al embalse Paso de las Piedras y se realizaron bioensayos de laboratorio con ambas especies, utilizando el agua del arroyo y también empleando medios de cultivo variando la concentración de nutrientes y de arsénico. Los objetivos del estudio fueron:1) Determinar la eficiencia de S. bonariensis, para la remoción de nutrientes y de arsénico del agua del arroyo El Divisorio. 2) Analizar la capacidad de bioacumulación de fósforo y nitrógeno de S. bonariensis estableciendo una relación con la producción de biomasa para optimizar el funcionamiento del humedal artificial. 3) Establecer la capacidad de retención de arsénico en los tejidos de S. bonariensis mediante ensayos de laboratorio. 4) Evaluar el rol complementario, en la biorremediación del agua del arroyo, de las macroalgas desarrolladas naturalmente en el humedal artificial, cuantificando la concentración celular de nitrógeno, fósforo y arsénico a través de bioensayos en laboratorio. S. bonariensis mostró una gran capacidad de adaptación a las condiciones artificiales del humedal construido dado que se obtuvieron plantas vigorosas con gran desarrollo de raíces y una biomasa de 2194,3 ± 473,2 g PS/m2. Además, el 82% de las plantas florecieron. Durante el periodo experimental de 7 meses con un humedal de 96 m2 y una densidad de 7 plantas por m2, se pudo remover 70% de nitratos y 50% de fósforo reactivo soluble. S. bonariensis mostró gran capacidad de retención de P y N en sus órganos como así también adaptación a concentraciones de nutrientes elevadas (100 mg/L de nitrógeno total y 60 mg/L de fósforo total). Por otro lado, S. bonariensis resultó ser un potencial agente de biorremediación de aguas arseniosas ya que soporta concentraciones de arsénico de hasta 5000 μg/L no mostrando toxicidad al mismo. Con respecto a C. surera se pudo observar en ensayos de laboratorio una eficiencia de remoción de nitratos del 94% y de fósforo reactivo soluble del 23%. Así mismo, esta especie también demostró tener capacidad de remoción de arsénico desde el agua del arroyo El Divisorio, reduciendo la concentración de arsénico de la columna de agua un 60% en solo 12 días. Por los resultados obtenidos se concluye que S. bonariensis resultó ser una especie apta para ser cultivada en humedales con el fin de ser utilizada como biofiltro para la remoción de nitrógeno y fósforo disueltos en la columna de agua del arroyo El Divisorio. Los cultivos hidropónicos bajo condiciones de laboratorio han indicado que S. bonariensis es una especie que soporta condiciones de hipereutrofia y que demás tolera grandes concentraciones de arsénico. El diseño de un sistema a mayor escala (una hectárea aproximadamente) sería una buena alternativa para mitigar la eutrofización del arroyo El Divisorio como así también para disminuir las concentraciones de arsénico que aporta al embalse Pasos de las Piedras. Además, S. bonariensis podría ser empleado como biofiltros de agua arseniosa de cualquier origen. En un futuro, investigaciones sobre la mecánica de extracción de As por parte de la macroalga C. surera aportarán datos de relevancia para optimizar la utilización de este agente en la remoción de As de una columna de agua de cualquier origen. La utilización de humedales artificiales para el saneamiento de cuerpos o cursos de agua es un método ecológico de bajo costo de mantenimiento y fácil manejo operativo, y además, recrea atractivos espacios verdes embelleciendo el área donde se instalen. / Paso de las Piedras reservoir, provides water drink to Bahia Blanca city and others cities, it is eutrophic. El Divisorio stream, direct tributary, supply high nutrients concentration in reservoir. Moreover, El Divisorio stream and groundwater provides arsenic concentration what excess allowable limits by Código Alimentario Argentino and World Health Organization. A long time, constructed wetlands are a appropriate technique for remediation wastewater and eutrophic water, since this represent alternative ecological low cost and easy operating management. This technique, as in natural wetlands, is based in the physics, chemistry and biology process combination, in constructed wetlands by man. The vegetation play role very important in the depuration process, since them can have active roles derivate of physiology activity and them can have passive roles, in which join in physics process for effects of plants present in the system. Many macrophytas species are enjoy as biofilters. The selection of species vegetation must realized allow for: adaptability thereof to local weather conditions and various weather conditions; oxygen carrying capacity of the surface to the rhizosphere; the same tolerance to high concentrations of pollutants and their ability to assimilate; its high presence in the area where you are installing the system; the facility to collect them and subsequent transport and easy self-generation. In the basin Sauce Grande river inhabit autochthonous species, macrophyte Senecio bonariensis and filamentous macroalgae Cladophora surera, which were used as biofilters. Were constructed wetlands operating in parallel, on El Divisorio stream riverside near of the river mouth in Paso de las Piedras reservoir. Further, bioassays were performed, with both species. Culture mediums were stream water and artificial water, to which it varied the concentration of nutrients and arsenic. The objectives of study were: 1) To determine the efficiency of S. bonariensis, for nutrient an arsenic removal from water El Divisorio stream. 2) Analyze the potential for bioaccumulation of phosphorus and nitrogen in S. bonariensis establishing a relationship with the production of biomass to optimize the functioning of the wetland. 3) Set arsenic retention capacity in tissues of S. bonariensis by laboratory tests. 4) Assess the complementary role, in bioremediation, from macroalgae grow naturally in constructed wetland, quantifying the cellular concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic through laboratory bioassays. S. bonariensis showed great adaptability to the artificial conditions of the constructed wetland were obtained as vigorous plants with well developed roots and biomass 2194.3 ± 473.2 g DW/m2. Furthermore, 82% of the plants flowered. During the experimental period of 7 months with a wetland of 96 m2 and a density of 7 plants per m2, it was 70% of nitrate and 50% soluble reactive phosphorus removal. S. bonariensis showed great retention capacity of P and N in their bodies as well as adaptation to high nutrient concentrations (100 mg / L of total nitrogen and 60 mg / L total phosphorus). Furthermore, S. bonariensis proved to be a potential agent arsenius water bioremediation because it supports arsenic concentrations up to 5000 mg / L did not show toxicity to the same. With respect to C. surera was observed in laboratory tests a removal efficiency of 94% nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus 23%. Also, this species also demonstrated capacity to remove arsenic from the water of El Divisorio stream, reducing the concentration of arsenic in the water column by 60% in just 12 days. The design of a larger scale (approximately one hectare) would be a good alternative to mitigate eutrophication of El Divisorio stream well as to reduce the concentrations of arsenic that gives Paso de las Piedras reservoir. Furthermore, S. bonariensis could be used as biofilters arsenius water from any source. In the future, research on the mechanical extraction of As by the macroalga C. surera provide relevant data to optimize the use of this agent in removing As a column of water from any source. This ecological method is also inexpensive and easy handling operational management, as well as attractive green spaces recreates beautifying the area where it is installed.

Though he is generally known as one of the key voices in conservative Christianity, this thesis demonstrates that C. S. Lewis was in fact far more liberal in his view of salvation than many would expect. Lewis argued for a universalist interpretation of salvation, in which the death of Christ opened up the possibility of salvation for all of humanity, not merely those people who could be identified as Christians. Lewis did believe that people could and did choose Hell over Heaven, however, and still saw evangelism as the duty of every Christian. All of Lewis's writings are in a sense evangelistic, and all attempt to effect the conversion of the reader in the same manner in which Lewis himself was first drawn to Christianity: by baptizing the imagination in the hope that the reason will follow. / Master of Arts

The Direct-Video-Broadcast Satellite (DVB-S) standard is used to provide video and radio to millions of users worldwide. It is designed to provide quasi-error free satellite communications. This thesis discusses some of the limitations of the DVB-S standard, describes some attempts in related work to address these concerns, and purposes a new modification to enhance the performance and reliability of the Direct-Video-Broadcast Satellite (DVB-S) standard by using a correlator in a DVB-S receiver. In many existing receive chains, synchronization speed is slightly delayed because phase ambiguity cannot be determined and corrected until after Viterbi decoding. Using correlation against known symbols before demodulation, the phase ambiguity can be corrected prior to Viterbi decoding, thus reducing the amount of time required to synchronize the received signal. To enhance the correlator's ability to detect the DVB-S synchronization bytes, a two byte, rather than single byte, known sync word is proposed as a modification to the standard. The motivation behind a longer sync word is to improve the standard in high noise environments. A two byte sync word provides more known information for correlation. The resulting correlation peaks are double that of when a single byte is used; this corresponds to about a 3 dB increase in SNR to provide fast signal acquisition and signal tracking in a noisy environment. / Master of Science