This thesis has used some techniques from mathematical demography to create thirteen projections of the Bangladesh female population at 5-year intervals from 1966 through 2026. Mathematical data gathered in Bangladesh by the Census Commission, Statistical Survey Research Unit (now Institute of Statistical Research and Training), Dacca University and by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (now Bangladesh Institute of Development Economics) was used. Details of the projections and findings are discussed.Bangladesh has an approximate population of 71,300,000. The biggest obstacle to rapid economic betterment is ran-a-way population growth. Social consequences of such growth are briefly considered.

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This thesis analyzes the retention of Marine Corps aviators before and after 9/11/2001. The retention analysis utilizes data from the Marine Corps' Total Force Data Warehouse (TFDW), the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) PERSTEMPO file, and Aviation Information Resources (AIR), Inc. The retention analysis focuses on how the increased operational tempo resulting from the Global War on Terror has affected the retention behavior of Marine aviators. Results indicate that the deployments resulting from the increased operational tempo post-9/11 have a negative effect on the retention of Marine aviators, as compared to the period before 9/11. The post-9/11 analysis reveals that as the number of deployments increases, non-hostile or hostile, the likelihood of retention decreases. Whereas Pre-9/11 aviators were not affected by deployments, the GWOT aviators have an increasingly negative response to deployments. This thesis provides several recommendations for reducing the effect of increased deployments on retention.

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Emigration from Britain has been extensively studied from central sources. Using material available in North-East Scotland, in conjunction with centrally-held records in Edinburgh and London, this thesis investigates the factors which prompted and sustained emigration from North-East Scotland in the period 1830-1880. Potential emigrants were supplied with information from a wide range of sources and in the first section we examine the value, for both the emigrant and the historian, of material contained in newspapers, published and private correspondence, emigrant guidebooks and periodicals. A large part of the newspaper publicity dealt with the provision of shipping, obviously a vital component in the organization of emigration - however strong an individual's desire to emigrate, it could be achieved only through the provision of vessels, which were usually under the control of a network of agents in a number of ports. Some attention is paid to shipping facilities, to the role of the developing railway network in assisting emigration, and to the activities of a number of shipping and emigration agents who operated in North-East Scotland in the nineteenth century. In consulting local sources to discover why emigration took place from North-East Scotland at this time, it becomes apparent that pauperism had only a minor role in provoking removals from this area. The movement was primarily a planned, positive exodus of small farmers and farm workers, whose hopes of independence through the acquisition of a piece of land had been eroded by changes in farming methods. Most possessed moderate capital, which they used to emigrate, in the hope of securing a better future abroad. A study of the destinations favoured by North-East emigrants confirms their preoccupation with the possession of land and also their relative affluence. Most chose to settle in British America, primarily because it seemed to meet most fully their desire for agricultural land: interest in the USA and in Australia was more sporadic, partly because these areas seemed to offer the farming emigrant nothing which could not be had in British America - the Australian climate was suspect, and publicity for both areas, unlike that for Canada, gave as much emphasis to non-agricultural as to farming opportunities. Furthermore, political antagonism to the USA discouraged extensive emigration, while the stigma of convict settlement hampered the movement to Australia. On the other hand, despite the drawback of distance, New Zealand attracted a significant number of North-East emigrants, thanks partly to its acceptable 'Scottish' society, along with good farming opportunities, both of which were promoted by a number of agents in the North-East. Agency activity was also the cause of much of the exodus from North-East Scotland to the West Indies in the 1830s, while family connections and a desire to invest in profitable coffee-planting enterprises led to a significant North-East involvement in Ceylon. Stress is laid on the personal motives and particular combinations of stimuli which prompted many emigrants to remove from North-East Scotland. We suggest that other similar regional studies might, taken together, reflect more accurately the character of British emigration as a whole than the generalizations in pentral sources which form the basis of many current interpretations of nineteenth-century emigration.

The salient points of this thesis are that: (a) social change is properly understood as a processual phenomenon manifested in patterns of everyday behaviour, and this requires a methodological focus on the ethnography of the small community; (b) the macro/micro dimensions of social change/everyday behaviour are integrated at the same level of' epistemological abstraction; (c) the position of Lewis as a peripheral area provides parameter of social and economic life on the island; (d) the social and economic development of Lewis is explained through a political economy perspective; (e) cohort analysis shows population to decline from a combination of migration and the adoption of other fertility-reducing social mechanisms, which produces the present demographic profile; (f) changes in crofting are based on an increase in the value of non-croft incomes and a change in the types of non-croft work; (g) the social organisation of the crofting village produced a system of over-lapping groups and cross-cutting ties to maximise mutual aid provisions and minimise risk and conflict, and this was predicated on the importance croft production once held for maintenance; (h) this local system of multiplex relationships was centred on the village as the largest unit relevant to croft production, only communicants produce island-wide sets of affiliations; (i) the changed relevance of crofting is now being matched by changes in interpersonal relationships that promote a decline in their multiplexity; (j) in the twentieth century migration has become a major fact of Lewis ethnography; (k) an island-wide local consciousness emerges from the social relevance of migrants to their local relationships, and exists despite the decline of an esoteric culture; (l) social change is an ethnographic phenomenon: migration is a process of change interrelated with other processes, none of which are discrete.