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This is a study of the process of labour migration from Turkey to the federal Republic of Germany. It is based on fieldwork carried out in the fRG. A major claim is made about methods, namely that in the study of urban societies, participant observation among a small group - the traditional approach of anthropology - can be fruitfully supplemented by a larger survey based on Questionnaire interviews. This is the approach of this study. At the core of it is a survey of 267 migrants in different towns and industries in the fRG. Migration is understood as a dynamic social process and the international labour migration emerges as an aspect of differential regional development. Within this framework migrants are seen as decision making individuals, negotiating two systems with conflicting expectations and pressures, those of Turkey and Germany. Their decisions are made with the help of their social networks which are based on kin, fellow-countrymen and friends. Empirically this thesis shows that labour migration is very selective and highly organized. Migrants work in low-skill, manual, low status positions that are left open by the indigenous population. Their positions in the labour and housing markets reflect their marginal positions and vulnerability. There is variation, however, within the migrant population. The variation appears as a result of differences in migrant ideology and such differences determine the migrants' plans for the future and their return to Turkey.

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A research report submitted to the Faculties of Health Sciences and Humanities, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the field of Demography and Population Studies / Nowhere has the family’s important role in ensuring optimal development of people been seriously put into disrepute. Since time immemorial, the family has endured the impact of socioeconomic and political challenges and it is still regarded as pivotal in the development of cultures and nations (Emran, 2009). Apart from reproduction, socialization, production, consumption, accumulation and social networking, and care for vulnerable groups, families are important in intergenerational transfers such as material, cultural values and social capital. In spite of these notable values, modernization and industrialization continue to alter the traditional systems leading to emergence of new family forms. Malawi has one of the highest rates of single families, within the Sub-Saharan Africa region, especially among women, with a rate as high as 61% by the time a woman reaches 45 years of age. Further, about 56% of children under the age of 15 were not co-resident with both parents. Unstable families are associated with several wider negative outcomes such as poor economic and health outcomes to individual, communities and nations at large. Despite such challenges, it is surprising that little attention has been paid to fully analyse factors that are causing such changes in the family. Thus, the aim of this paper was to identify the levels and trends and assesses the demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors associated with family structure in Malawi between 2000 and 2010. The study was motivated by inadequate literature and scientific knowledge on the scope of the impacts of different factors which have caused changes to family arrangements over time. Study Method: Two data sets were employed in this study. These data sets were extracted from the Malawi Demographic Heath Survey for the year 2000 and 2010. The unit of analysis was women aged 15-49 years of age from different households. In order to identify trends, the Chi2 square test was used. As for measuring the association between the various demographic and socioeconomic factors and family structure, the Multinomial Logistic Regression model was used. Results: The study reveals that there was a 2.5% increase in the rate of single families between 2000 and 2010. Further, the inferential results shows that age of household head is statistically associated with changing family structure in Malawi in the year(s) 2000 and 2010 for both the nuclear and extended family categories (p-value 0.000). In addition, being in the age bracket (25-39) has a higher statistical assocition with changing family structure in both 2000 and 2010 (p-value 0.000). Further, belonging to households headed by a female is statistcially associted with family structure in 2000 and 2010 for both nuclear and extended family (p-value 0.000). The results also show that being a Muslim woman is statistically associated with family structure in 2010 (p-value 0.039) but not in 2000. In terms of education, having primary and secondary education is statiscally asocited with family strcuture [primary: 2000 and 2010 (p-value 0.000 for both) secondary: 2000 and 2010 (p-value 0.001 for both). As for residence, residing in rural area is statistically associated with family structure in Malawi (2000 (nuclear: p-value 0.000; extended: p-value 0.028) and 2010 (nuclear: p-value 0.006; extended: 0.013). As for wealth, the results show that having middle and richer wealth quintile is statistically associated with family structure in 2010 for both nuclear and extended families (p-value 0.000) but not in 2000. Similarly, women in employment is statistcially associated with family strcuture for nuclear and extended family categories (p-value 0.000 for both 2000 and 2010). Lastly, the results also show that having few children (1-2), average number of children (3-4) and many children (5 and above) is statistically associated with family structure in the extended family category only (p-value 0.000). Conclusions: The study reveals that single families are on the increase while nuclear and extended families are decreasing. Policy and programmes to the wider sectors such as; HIV/AIDS, gender, reproductive health and education should be directed to the family if Malawi is to achieve health, and socioeconomic grown which are some of the key areas of interest in achieving the sustainable development goals / MT2017

This study is intended to explore the intentions to migrate of a group of migrants from urban Java and Kalimantan, Indonesia, using a framework based on Place-Utility/Migration Intentions Model. Because this study explores the intentions of urban residents, several new variables were specified including: urban employment sector (formal and informal) as an individual background factor, difference in city settings as a structural background factor, and job satisfaction as a place-utility variable. Migration intentions to be explained consist of intentions "to stay", "to leave", and "be undecided". / Using multinomial logit technique, this study found that the inclusion of these variables in this model was very useful. Differences in urban settings and type of urban employment sector were found to be the most influential variables. Job satisfaction is an important predictor and functions as an intervening variable between urban employment sector, income and migration intentions. Other variables examined in the model such as education, employment status in the place of origin, duration of stay in the city, and income level were found as important individual background factors. Values expected from the city as a place utility variable in the model was an important intervening variable between marital status and migration intentions, and between the type of sector engaged in by migrants and migration intentions. / In Java, migrants are inclined to leave the city due to their participation in the urban informal sector, having a rural job waiting, being married, and low levels of education. On the contrary, migrants in Kalimantan are inclined to stay in the city or being undecided because of preference for urban life-style, participation in the formal sector jobs, having older age, and lower education levels. / This study demonstrates the utility of this model and suggests that prediction of migration intentions should take into account differences in employment sector, job satisfaction, and setting. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-07, Section: A, page: 2763. / Major Professor: Peter L. Doan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

<p> This dissertation examines the role of the mass news media as an influencer of opinions on immigration through an examination of information sources used by host, Highland community members. There is an extensive range of research exploring the experiences of immigrants and policy responses in the UK, but little is known about how host communities process and respond to increasing cultural diversity. Addressing the latter is essential to overcome the assimilation tendencies in discourses about the integration of immigrants. Critical discourse analysis was used to analyze newspapers and interviews in this mixed methods study conducted in the year prior to the Scottish Independence Referendum. Findings of this study revealed the negative and homogenizing portrayal of immigrants in the mass news media, the importance of first and second hand experiences as sources of information on immigration in Scottish Highland communities, and the influence of sociocultural factors on how people establish authority of information sources. Findings suggest the need for stronger institutional infrastructures to address increasing diversity in the UK. Of particular interest is the context of this research, during a time of crisis, which reveals that the act of decision-making is based on the often unconscious, ontological construction of information behaviors through the worldview of participants.</p><p>

This exploratory study examines 10 categories of mental health services for any differential impacts they may have upon 6 measures of state psychiatric hospital utilization. These data for 1984, 1985 and 1986 are studied for the 40 catchment areas in Massachusetts, while controlling for salient demographic characteristics derived from the 1980 United States Census. Also examined for its impact upon rates of utilization is the Brewster v. Dukakis Consent Decree. The auspices of community mental health services are additionally included for control purposes to ascertain if systems predominantly operated directly by state personnel have different rates of hospital utilization than community systems that rely primarily upon contracts with vendors. The data indicate that considerable variance in rates of state psychiatric hospital utilization can be accounted for by the funding variables, while inclusion of the other independent variables allows for even more variance to be explained.