Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 38-05, Section: A, page: 3078. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1977.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 34-06, Section: A, page: 3576. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1973.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 34-03, Section: A, page: 1384. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1973.

This study identified the role of ethnicity of public university students in Jakarta, Indonesia, in their behavior as population socialization agents. For this purpose, three analyses were carried out. The first analysis dealt with the relationships between ethnicity of students and several population socialization outcomes variables, i.e., population knowledge/population awareness, population attitude, population expectation, population propensity, and population socialization agent behavior. The second analysis was concerned with identification of the effect of ethnicity as an independent variable in population socialization agent behavior of students mediated through the population socialization outcomes variables. The third analysis was of a recursive path population socialization agent model that attempted to identify the causal relationships of socio-demographic variables, several population socialization effects variables, and selected population socialization outcomes variables. / The population of study was all first- and second-year public university students in the faculties of Medicine, Engineering, and Economics at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Data were collected with two questionnaires: the students' self-administered questionnaire, and the teachers' questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the path analysis technique, in which the decomposition of effects was calculated to obtain a clearer description of the pattern of effects of the model. / The major findings showed that there are differences among ethnic groups of students in their population knowledge/population awareness, population attitudes, population expectation, and in their behaviors as population socialization agents. It was also found that all students, regardless of their ethnic groups, behaved as population socialization agents in their daily lives. Ethnicity has a significant effect on the students' behavior as population socialization agents, being mediated through the population socialization outcomes variables. The model revealed that there are two determinants among the exogenous variables: sex and formal source of population knowledge. Population knowledge/population awareness and population attitude, as indicated by the significant large path coefficients, are the intermediate variables that have a strong positive effect on population socialization agent behavior. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 47-12, Section: A, page: 4517. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1986.

The purpose of this study is to examine the causes and consequences of teenage family formation of women inBangladesh. For that purpose the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data are used. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that background factors such as type of place of residence, religion and ever attendance of schooling are important for distinguishing women who marry at ‘early’ or ‘very early’ ages from those who marry at more mature ages. Administrative region and woman’s birth cohort matter as well. In socioeconomic terms, due to teenage family formation the majority of girls receive little or no education, more often get involved in low-paid work and often turn out to lack exposure to mass media. In demographic terms, because of teenage family formation girls become exposed to greater spousal age differences, experience longer duration from marriage to first birth and achieve higher completed fertility.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN.

How does economic mobility over the individual life course shape population-level trends in economic inequality, and, in turn, how does this inequality influence individuals' economic mobility prospects? Historically, allowing opportunities for economic mobility has been seen as an American alternative to equalizing incomes. However, after decades of rising inequality across the population and persistent disparity between racial groups, many academics and policymakers have come to question how neatly we can separate the two.

Marriage may benefit individuals as much as smoking harms their health. Men, in particular benefit from a gain of as much as 10 years in life expectancy; for women the gain is 4 years. While we know that these inequalities exist between those who are single and those who live in partnerships (marital or cohabitating), we do not know why they exist. Here are four hypotheses that suggest why there may be a relationship: Partnership Benefits, Positive Selection, Cleaning Up, and Negative Selection. However, the impact of each is related to policy context and gender over the life course. This dissertation uses longitudinal data from panel studies in Canada and the U.S. in order to consider the variable impact of gender and policy in changing the incentives involved in partnering and partnership type. We focus on the transition into partnership as a highly selective event that is followed, in theory, by a period of health and social benefits. We use smoothed non-linear adjusted health curves surrounding the transition into partnership in order to determine who partners, along with when and how much benefits accrue. All analyses are separated by gender to understand the role that gender has in finding partners and benefiting from partnerships. Findings suggest first partnership benefits dominate in Canada, and positive selection dominates in the U.S., that differences in social benefits and healthcare policy determine the importance of health selection. We also show that partnership type plays a role that depends on policy regime and that gender modifies the role that benefits and selection play. This dissertation therefore highlights the unintended impact that social policies have in determining who partners and when. Put simply, 'marriage matters' only when being 'not married' (i.e. single or cohabiting) is risky. / Le mariage peut être avantageux pour les gens, tout autant que le tabagisme nuit à leur santé. Les hommes, en particulier, bénéficient d'une augmentation de dix ans de leur espérance de vie; pour les femmes, cette augmentation est de quatre ans. Bien que nous soyons conscients que ces inégalités existent entre les personnes célibataires et celles qui vivent en partenariat (mariage ou concubinage), il existe quatre hypothèses qui semblent indiquer en partie ce qui se passe et pourquoi il en est ainsi : les avantages du partenariat, la sélection positive, la responsabilisation et la sélection négative. Cependant, l'incidence de chacune est liée au sexe des personnes et au contexte politique au cours de leur vie. La présente dissertation s'appuie sur des données longitudinales provenant d'études par panel réalisées au Canada et aux États-Unis, afin d'examiner l'incidence variable du sexe et des politiques dans la modification des incitations en cause dans les partenariats et les types de partenariats. Nous nous concentrons sur la transition vers le partenariat comme un événement hautement sélectif qui est suivi, en théorie, par une période d'avantages sur les plans social et de la santé. Nous utilisons des courbes de santé non linéaires ajustées lissées pour illustrer la transition vers un partenariat en vue de déterminer les personnes qui entrent en partenariat, le moment qu'elles choisissent pour le faire, ainsi que les avantages que ce partenariat leur procure. Toutes les analyses sont séparées par sexe pour comprendre le rôle variable que le sexe exerce sur la découverte d'un partenaire et les avantages que procure le partenariat. Les résultats semblent indiquer que les politiques publiques, surtout celles touchant les soins de santé, déterminent l'importance de la sélection relative à la santé, et que le sexe modifie le rôle que jouent les avantages et la sélection. La présente dissertation met donc en évidence les effets non intentionnels que les politiques sociales produisent dans la détermination des personnes qui entrent en partenariat et du moment qu'elles choisissent pour le faire. En d'autres termes, le « mariage est important » seulement lorsque le fait de n'être « pas marié » (c.-à-d., célibataire ou en concubinage) est risqué.

<p> In this dissertation, we propose the Tangent Vector Field (TVF) model for Japanese mortality projection, which is an extended Linear Difference (LD) model, and show its applications. </p><p> In the two chapters following the introduction, we describe the mortality trends in Japan and review the mortality projection models for Japan. </p><p> Then, in the following two chapters, we describe the data and methods for the mortality models, show the results of fitting, and discuss them with special emphasis on the LD model. We describe the mathematical formulations for <i>decline</i>-type and <i>shift</i>-type models, and discuss the inverse function of log mortality and differential forms of mortality models. We discuss five models: two <i>decline</i>-type models (the Proportional Hazard (PH) and Lee-Carter (LC) models), and three <i> shift</i>-type models (the Horizontal Shifting (HS), Horizontal Lee-Carter (HL), and LD models). In particular, we compare the LC and LD models from a statistical viewpoint. The result guides better construction of a mortality projection model, namely, a blended model with LC properties in youth and LD properties in older age. </p><p> In the last chapter, we propose the TVF model applying the idea of tangent vector fields on the log mortality surface. We show a fully specified example of the projection procedure of the TVF model with all constants and coefficients applied for Japanese mortality projection. Then, we compare the TVF and LC models' results of mortality projection. From the observation of the relative mortality rates, we see that the LC model expresses mortality improvement only in a vertical direction, whereas the TVF model succeeds in expressing a shifting of mortality improvement in the direction of older ages that are observed in the actual mortality. In addition, we compare the projected <i> m_x</i> curves. The <i>m_x</i> by the LC model exhibits an unnatural pattern because the slope of the curve diminishes once around the age of 60 years and becomes much steeper after 80 years. The curve of the TVF model is more plausible. As a whole, we observe that the TVF model has many advantages for Japanese mortality projection compared with the LC model. </p><p> We show that the TVF model proposed in this dissertation is not only quite useful for Japanese mortality projection but also has various applicability. At this point in time, there may be few countries with such strong shifting features for old age mortality as Japan. However, some countries are likely to experience the same mortality situation as Japan in the future through the extension of life expectancy. Thus, the TVF model will be a useful tool for projections in such situations.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN.