Small (48-54 g) and large (58-64 g) or low (≤1.070) and high specific gravity (≥1.080) eggs from broiler breeder flocks were used. The hatching sequence was divided into four periods with 25% of the chicks being hatched in each period. One-half of each group was weighed and returned to the hatcher and the remainder were placed in floor pens. Hatch-held chicks were removed at 21 days, l2 hrs, weighed and placed in floor pens. Effect of two post-hatch holding times (0 and 30 hrs) on bursa and spleen weights were measured through 35 days of age. Hematocrits, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, plasma proteins and glucose were measured through 11 days of age. Broilers from large vs small eggs were 10% heavier and had lower mortality at 49 days of age. Chicks that were held for extended time in the hatcher had lower body weights throughout the growing period. Held chicks had 1.6% (Exp 1) and 2.1% (Exp 2) lighter body weights at 49 days of age than removed chicks. No effect on body weight was observed for egg specific gravity. Relative bursa and spleen weights were lower in held chicks through 14 days of age. Total plasma protein (TPP) and glucose levels were higher in the held chicks at 1, but lower at 3 days of age. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were higher in held females at 3 and 5 days and males at 3 days of age. Females had higher TPP levels through 5 days and hematocrits through 11 days of age. / Master of Science

The composition of the non-starch polysaccharides in sweet potato was determined and their flatulence-inducing potential evaluated. A preparative adaptation of the AOAC enzymatic method was used to isolate the insoluble and soluble non-starch polysaccharides. The insoluble non-starch fraction was mainly cellulose, but contained a substantial amount of hemicellulosic glucose, suggesting the presence of an independent glucan fraction. Relatively small amounts of xylose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and fucose were present. Galactose was the predominant sugar in the soluble non-starch polysaccharide fraction, although substantial quantities of arabinose and mannose were also present. Xylose, rhamnose, glucose and fucose were also present in small quantities. Uronic acids also made up a substantial portion of the soluble non-starch polysaccharides. Appreciable protein and ash were present in both the insoluble and soluble NSP fractions. The in vitro test for gas production using Clostridium perfringens as a test organism showed that both the insoluble and soluble non-starch polysaccharides are potential flatulence-inducers in sweet potato. However, the presence of the hemicellulosic glucans in the insoluble fraction make the latter a more likely candidate for flatus-inducer. / Master of Science

Hormonal and metabolic responses to submaximal exercise were studied in 11 sedentary, overweight women who participated in an 8 week aerobic exercise program (80% VO2 max) while consuming a hypocaloric diet. A maximal and submaximal treadmill exercise test were performed before and after the program. During the submaximal exercise test, a graded portion (mean time 6.4 min) preceded the submaximal phase during which subjects worked at 80% VO2 max until exhaustion (mean time l2 min). Blood was sampled before and after the work via venipuncture. Whole blood was immediately analyzed for lactate accumulation. The remaining blood was centrifuged, separated, and frozen for subsequent serum glucose, cortisol, and insulin measurement. There was a significant increase in oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min), and a decrease in body weight, ( 6.7%), and body fat (14%). Resting heart rate was significantly lower post-training (5.4%), as were exercise RQ (VCO2/VO2) ratios. Pretraining serum glucose and blood lactate significantly increased while nonsignificant decreases were noted in insulin and cortisol as a result of the submaximal exercise bout. The significant increases in glucose and lactate during exercise were blunted after the training program. However, only the post-training response of lactate was significantly different from the pretraining response. The insulin and cortisol response was not significantly different from that during the pretraining exercise test. A correlation was observed between RPE and lactate at the end of exercise both pretraining and post-training. In summary, the combined exercise and weight loss program resulted in exercise being less stressful, both metabolically and subjectively. This improvement enables greater exercise intensity to be performed prior to the significant accumulation of lactate and perception of fatigue which may inspire the sedentary, overweight female to establish and/or continue a regular exercise program. / Master of Science

Aquifer-related cements may be differentiated from deeper burial cements by trace elements, cathodoluminescence, staining, and fluid inclusion analysis in the Mississippian Newman Limestone, eastern Kentucky. Aquifer cements are nonferroan, and show a nonluminescent to dull to nonluminescent to bright cathodoluminescent zonation. They fill leached ooids and fossils indicating waters initially were undersaturated. Early nonluminescent cement (35 ppm Mn, 35 ppm Fe) formed from oxidizing waters in a regional paleoaquifer that became reducing (dull cement; 180 ppm Mn, 565 ppm Fe) but underwent later recharge to form a second nonluminescent cement. Most cementation appears to have been associated with post-Newman unconformities reflecting a shift to a wetter climate in Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian time which generated regional aquifers. Aquifer cement abundance decreases away from recharge areas and is determined by staining for late burial calcite and then using image analysis to determine the amount of early unstained cement. Later, iron rich burial cements (780 ppm Mn, 4295 ppm Fe) fill remaining pore spaces, compaction-induced fractures, spalled cement rims and tectonic fractures (lined with saddle dolomite and pyrite). Irregular dull/very dull zone patterns relate to preferential concentration of iron along certain crystal faces rather than burial leaching. Secondary fluid inclusions chemically complex brines suggest late stage fluids were (7-17 wt% NaCl) having minimum temperatures of 51 to 156°C, that resided in the formation for such short times that conodont alteration values (consistent with estimated burial temperatures of 38-40°C) were not affected. / Master of Science

« Afin d'apprécier la Grande-Allée à sa juste valeur, il s'est avéré indispensable d'entreprendre une étude approfondie de l'évolution de l'habitat, et ainsi de cerner les phases marquantes d'un développement qui l'a fait passer d'un milieu rural à un milieu suburbain. Cette partie de l'étude a imposé, entre autres, d'établir les chaînes de titres de chaque propriété; cependant, cette recherche ne remonte pas au-delà du XIXe siècle. Ces données ainsi que l'ensemble des documents se rattachant aux propriétés sont énumérés en annexe, dans le catalogue des résidences. A la fin du XIXe siècle, l'urbanisme est au centre des activités de la ville; le secteur de la Grande-Allée est privilégiée par la présence du Parlement et des plaines d'Abraham qui lui concèdent un statut particulier. Aussi un autre volet de cette recherche est-il centré sur des préoccupations d'ordre urbanistique, notamment l'influence de l'urbanisme étranger dans les programmes qui ont touché la Grande-Allée et les contraintes de l'environnement dont ces programmes ont dû tenir compte. En dernier lieu, il fallait encore étudier l'architecture résidentielle suburbaine. L'analyse des façades prend une place importante car celles-ci s'inscrivent dans un courant qu'on peut qualifier de révolutionnaire. La diversité des influences stylistiques confère un caractère éclectique à toute cette production architecturale qui atteint des sommets dans les dernières années du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle. Toutefois, il n'y a pas que l'aspect extérieur de l'architecture qui importe; l'espace interne aussi, car les pièces ne s'articulent plus seulement selon des principes classiques rigides. Cette émancipation sera traitée dans le dernier chapitre. »--Pages 6-7

No description available.

Molecular order in surfaces is probed for several different repeat unit Spectroscopy (XPS) is chemistries. X-ray Photoelectron used, particularly with angular dependence, to obtain the compositional gradient information from the top 6 run of the surface. It is found that all materials investigated present some kind of preferential and reproducible ordering effect. The ordering ef feet can be present in different forms, such as preferential segregation of a crystalline block to the surface, segregation of a component of different crystalline structure to the surface or orientation of a backbone segment of the polymer towards the surface of the specimen. Polyethylene terephthalate shows an increasing amount of crystalline cyclic oligomer at the surface as the degree of crystallinity of the matrix increases. Block copolyesters unsaturated blocks present containing saturated and the saturated blocks preferentially segregated toward the surface. Crystalline ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene alternating copolymer shows the preferential orientation of ethylene groups closer to the surface. The linear polyurethanes studied reveal the surfaces enriched with soft segments, whereas no enrichment was observed for a crosslinked polyurethane. / Master of Science

no abstract provided by author / Master of Arts

The effect of applied B, Cu, Mn and Zn on soybean seed yield and tissue micronutrient concentration was studied under different field conditions. Manganese application increased soybean seed yield on the Dragston, Myatt and Slagle fine sandy loams, but not on Rains fine sandy loam. Seed yield was not affected by applied B, Cu or Zn. Broadcast and foliar Mn applications were similarly effective in correction of Mn deficiency and, among foliar Mn applications, split application resulted a higher seed yield than single applications. Micronutrient concentration of the leaf blades, petioles and seeds was increased with the application of B, Cu, Mn and Zn. The increase in tissue B concentration was much greater than that of the other micronutrients. Broadcast Mn application resulted in a higher tissue Mn concentration than foliar Mn applications. The critical Mn concentration in leaf blades at the R1 growth stage was above the level of 13 µg/g, which is reported in the literature. It was concluded that the present calibration of the dilute HC1-H₂SO₄ extractable Mn soil test overpredicts the incidence of Mn deficiency in soybeans. / Master of Science

Hydroxyakyl lignin derivatives were reacted with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) and hexamethoxy-methyl-melamine (HMMM) to form polyurethane and polyether wood adhesives respectively. Adhesive performance in shear block tests indicated: (a) that the combination of lignin and PHDI reduced the adhesive strength shown by neat PMDI. The HMMM failed to produce an acceptable wood adhesive in the absence of lignin, requiring 50-60% lignin derivative co-substrate for peak performance; (b) adhesive performance was related to molecular weight, if an organic solvent was the carrier, or solubility if the formulation was emulsified; (c) adhesive performance for the lignin based adhesives was better than a urea formaldehyde reference. Structure property relationships were determined by correlating data obtained by the analysis of (in vivo) cured adhesive films and (in vitro) adhesive strength data resulting from shear block testing. The results indicated that: (a) glass transition temperatures of the in vivo cured adhesives were inversely related to the strength of the adhesives cured in vitro; (b) variations in infrared analysis of the in vivo cured adhesives were used to determine the levels of products from the cross linking reaction. In vitro adhesive strength was directly related to the level of reaction products determined to be present in the in vivo wood adhesives; (c) the relationships between the analysis of in vivo and in vitro cured adhesives indicated that the lignin component may act as a soft segment blocks or domains in a more rigid polymer matrix. Particle board was produced with the lignin adhesives with: (a) properties equal to those produced with commercial OF resins; (b) spray application greatly reducing the effects of carrier compatibility; (c) none of the lignin based adhesives were water resistant. / Master of Science