Job satisfaction has enjoyed a long history of investigation by many scholars in a great diversity of situations. Few studies have been done, however, in the public sector. Earlier studies were restricted in terms of theoretical approach and also methodologically flawed when they ignored the measurement problems in their analysis. The major purposes of this study have been to present a refined model of job satisfaction and to test it with more caution on measurement problems. The structural equations model with latent variables is the approach used to estimate the model. The data were from the Federal Employee Attitude Survey. These data were analyzed by using a computer program called LISREL. The results confirm the findings reported by the job design school. That is, individuals with high growth need strength tend to have positive perceptions about their jobs and consequently are satisfied with them. This study also suggests the direct and indirect effects of goal setting. Race, age, job status, and job longevity are found to have low effects upon job satisfaction. All these findings support the previous research. However, this study indicates the insignificant effects of feedback, sex, and educational level upon job satisfaction. The rejection of sex and educational level confirms the previous research. The rejection of feedback is surprising, however, since it contrasts with the consistent reports on the importance of feedback as a significant determinant of job satisfaction. Overall, the model proposed in this study can explain over 70 percent of variation in job satisfaction, which is considerably high. A major contribution of this study is the introduction of the structural equations model with latent variables as a standard approach to develop and test models in organization research. This study also has important ramifications for practitioners at various levels. Generally, it reminds them of the important role of individual characteristics and goal setting as significant determinants of job satisfaction. All in all, this study serves as a beginning of a very long step attempted to understand job satisfaction. The refined model proposed should be replicated to test whether it can generalize to other samples in both the private and public sectors. / Ph. D.

The Precambrian of northern New Mexico is part of an extensive 1,800 to 1,500 m.y. terrane stretching from Colorado through northern New Mexico into central Arizona. Three lithostratigraphic sequences are present in New Mexico. The oldest consists of 1,760 to 1,720 m.y. metamorphosed bimodal volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks to which no basement has been recognized. This juvenile crust developed as a magmatic arc complex and represents an early period of crustal instability. Between 1,755 and 1,700 m.y., the volcanogenic sequence was intruded by voluminous, coeval granodiorites and tonalites which stabilized the early crust. Unconformably overlying the volcano-plutonic terrane is a thick sequence of metamorphosed quartz arenites and subordinate argillites, the Ortega Group, which accumulated on a stable continental shelf. The inner shelf was dominated by tidal processes with subordinate reworking by storm and fair-weather waves. Storm processes were responsible for deposition on the outer shelf. The Ortega shelf sloped gently to the south and experienced an overall transgression which culminated in drowning of the outer shelf with onlap of black basinal muds from the south. Stable shelf sedimentation resulted from prolonged thermal subsidence following cratonization of the juvenile volcanogenic crust by intrusion of granitoid plutons. The third lithostratigraphic sequence, the Marquenas Quartzite, consists of polymictic meta conglomerates and texturally-immature meta sandstones deposited in a braided-alluvial environment. These terrigenous sediments were supplied from the south and pebble compositions indicate derivation from the underlying volcanogenic and shelf sequences. The Marquenas Quartzite signifies cannibalization of the underlying magmatic arc and shelf. succession in response to deformation of the cratonic margin to the south. The transition from arc volcanism to stable-shelf sedimentation and subsequent deformation of the craton margin in northern New Mexico has been recognized in central Arizona and southern Wisconsin between 1,800 and 1,630 m.y. This common crustal evolution suggests that a proto-North American craton margin opening to the south existed from central Arizona and northern New Mexico into southern Wisconsin at ca. 1,700 m.y. and was destroyed between 1,660 m.y. and 1,630 m.y. / Ph. D.

The purpose of the research was to determine the sources of customer satisfaction with apparel factory outlet stores. Six store attributes consisting of physical facilities, location, store service, merchandise, store atmosphere, and promotion were investigated. Data were collected through a mall intercept survey using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 200 respondents participated in the study. The rate of refusal was estimated to be 42 percent. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in customers' perception of stores on six attributes. Differences were found to exist among the stores on three attributes, specifically, "physical facilities," "store service," and "store atmosphere." ANOVA results for importance attached to store attributes showed no significant differences among the customers of the five stores. Correlation analyses showed high correlations between and among perception/importance combinations for each store attribute and overall satisfaction. Multiple regression gave "merchandise" and "promotion" as the best predictors of overall satisfaction. Correlations, ANOVA, and t-test were used to establish the relationship(s) between customer personal characteristics and overall satisfaction. No relationships were found between demographic characteristics or fashion interest, and overall satisfaction. However, buying behavior patterns were found to be related to overall satisfaction. Chi-square tests were used to determine significant relationship(s) between selected personal characteristic variables. Cramer's V indicated the strength of association between variables. Association was found to be moderately strong only between frequency of shopping and distance traveled. Those who more frequently shopped at the store lived nearer the area. / Ph. D.

The change in the number of phase transitions for perturbations of finite range interactions is studied. A Monte-Carlo simulation was performed for a translation invariant spin 1/2 ferromagnetic model in Z² with fundamental bonds A = {(0,0);(0,1)} B = {(0,0);(2,0)} C = {(0,0);(0,1);(1,1);(1,0)} The model exhibits one phase transition if the coupling constant J(A) is zero, but two phase transitions were found when J(A) is non zero and small enough. The generalization of this situation is provided by a construction, due to J. Slawny, which through a sequence of progressively smaller perturbations yields models with an arbitrary minimum number of phase transitions. However, such construction requires the existence of interactions with one fundamental bond such that for all values of the coupling constants the Gibbs state is unique even when the interaction is perturbed by an arbitrary finite range perturbation of small enough norm. In this work it is proven that such property is exhibited by some translation invariant systems in Z^ν with finite state space at each point. The proof applies to models with real interactions and whose fundamental bonds are all multiple of a single bond which is of prime order and which is obtained as the product—in the group ring structure of the dual space—of one dimensional bonds whose non trivial projections at each lattice site are unique. The proof is based on the Dobrushin-Pecherski criterion concerning the uniqueness of Gibbs states under perturbations. Such criterion is restated so that only transition functions on sets of simple geometry are involved. In addition, an algebraic characterization is presented for the set of Gibbs states for ferromagnetic systems for which the state space at each lattice site is a compact abelian group. This is a generalization of the theory originally introduced by Slawny for spin 1/2 ferromagnetic models and later extended by Pfister to ferromagnetic models for which the state space at each point is a finite product of tori and finite abelian groups. / Ph. D.

This national descriptive study describes the profile characteristics, role functions, leader behaviors, and leadership effectiveness of Chief Business Officers (CBOs) in American public community colleges. The study focuses on the following problematic issues of contemporary CBOs: (a) Who are they? (b) What role functions do they consider most important and what are their responsibilities regarding these role functions? (c) How do they perform their leadership roles? and (d) How well do they perform their leadership roles? Also, these dimensions were related to governance, locus of financial support, and institutional size. The study was implemented through a mail questionnaire based on a modification of Dillman' s TDM methodology, including standardized instrument sections, and was adminstered nationally through a stratified random sample. Questionnaires were mailed to CBOs and their immediate supervisors. Major findings of this study include: 1. The overwhelming majority of CBOs are middle-aged, white males. The majority of the CBOs entered their first CBO position with an earned graduate degree. 2. The CBOs average 16 years prior experience, primarily in education, followed by business and the military. Also, the CBOs average over 8 years experience in their current CBO role, and most entered this role from employment outside their present institutions. 3. Most CBOs work directly under college presidents and are assigned substantial supervisory responsibilities, and in general, the larger the institution, the more subordinates. 4. Fiscal and financial duties were judged the more important functions and were most often personally performed or delegated, not shared. 5. CBOs reported high scores on both task-oriented and person-oriented leader behaviors, and these behaviors did not significantly differ from those behaviors reported by their immediate supervisors. 6. Almost all of the CBOs were described by their immediate supervisors as performing at a composite leadership effectiveness categorical level of at least above average effectivness. They were evaluated most effective in technical ability, and least effective in professionally developing their subordinate staffs. 7. Although most CBOs reported that local fund appropriations were required for their college's operations, the majority of CBOs reported the State as their institution's primary and legally constituted governance authority. / Ed. D.

Recent reviews of research on employee selection have shown that both sex-role stereotypes and physical attractiveness stereotypes have pronounced effects on the personnel evaluations received by attractive or unattractive male or female applicants when applying for particular jobs. With the exception of one recent study by Beehr and Gilmore (1982), however, previous research has neglected to identify jobs for which physical attractiveness (PA) was relevant and jobs for which PA was irrelevant when investigating the effects of physical attractiveness stereotypes on employment decisions. The present research examined sex-role stereotypes and PA-stereotypes using appropriately sex-typed and PA relevancy-typed jobs. The second purpose of the research was to extend the findings that the causal attributions made concerning a person’s success and/or failure at a particular task are a function of the sex-congruency of the task. If physical attractiveness stereotypes are as prevalent as sex-role stereotypes, then the attributions made by raters concerning successful or unsuccessful performance in PA-congruent tasks should be as pervasive as the attributions made for sex-congruent tasks. The final purpose of the research addressed a deficiency in the employee selection literature. While the biasing effects that physical attractiveness has on selection decisions are well documented, only one study could be found that attempted to control or eliminate this bias. Hence, this study employed a halo reduction technique, namely, the explicit rating of the irrelevant halo producing factor, in an attempt to purge from a rater's system the bias produced in job-related ratings by a job applicant's physical attractiveness. In Experiment 1, each of 68 subjects rated the suitability of one applicant for masculine, feminine, and neuter sex-typed jobs. Each resume was identical with the exception of the systematic manipulation of the applicant's sex. As expected, sex-role stereotypes had a strong influence on personnel decisions, as well as recommendations of alternatives to employment and subjects' causal attributions of applicants' assumed successful and unsuccessful job performance. In Experiment 2, a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 (Purge x Photo Attractiveness x Applicant Sex x Subject Sex x Job Sex-Type x PA-Relevancy) design was employed. Subjects were 304 undergraduate students. Each resume was identical with the exception of the systematic manipulation of the applicant's sex and attractiveness. As predicted, personnel decisions once again reflected the operation of sex-role stereotypes. Additionally, subjects' evaluations reflected the influence of a physical attractiveness stereotype that affected employment decisions, overall employment potential, and causal attributions of applicants' job successes and failures. Limited but promising results were found for the purging technique which was designed to reduce the bias in personnel decisions that results from an applicant's attractiveness. / Ph. D.

The catalytic effects of selected iron phases (metal, oxides, sulfides, and carbides) on the Boudouard reaction (2 CO = CO₂ + C) were studied, in an effort to more fully understand the disintegration of refractories when exposed to CO for long periods of time. Based on computer generated equilibrium phase maps (SOLGASMIX program), experimental kinetic data including activation energies and x-ray diffraction data of iron phases, the following conclusions were reached: (1) Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃ ) is most catalytic; (2) Active iron atom generated by the reduction of Fe₂O₃ is a catalyst for carbon monoxide disintegration; (3) The catalytic process consists of the adsorption of CO, the formation of intermediates FeC, Fe₂C , and Fe₃C , and the decomposition of these intermediates. / Ph. D.

Thirteen Thoroughbred farms in Virginia provided 260 horses for the study of growth patterns of horses from birth to July of the yearling year. Measurements included heart girth, wither and hip height, body length, chest width, knee to ground length, cannon bone circumference and body weight, as estimated by heart girth. Quadratic regression equations, adjusted for the effects of farm, sex and month were developed to describe the growth of foals. Foals born in January-February were smallest overall at birth, 30 and 90 d-of-age (P< .01) May-June foals were largest at birth. Differences in wither height, body length and body weight of foals born in May-June vs in January-February at 30 d-of-age, were 1.7, 3.8 cm and 21.6 kg, respectively; At 90 d-of-age, differences were 1.6, 4.9 cm and 13.3 kg, respectively. Differences in size due to birth month were apparent up to 270 d-of-age. May-June foals exhibited the fastest initial growth rate. Colts were intermittently larger than fillies subsequent to 150 d-of-age. In January of the yearling year, birth mouch influenced all measurements (P< .01). Foals born in January to March were larger than foals born in April to June. In July of the yearling year, differences were identified less often and actual differences in size were smaller than in January. Average differences in heart girth and wither height of foals born in January to March compared to foals born in April to June were 8.4 and 5.1 cm in January and 5.2 and 3.6 cm in July of the yearling year. Foals born in April to June displayed larger gains during the first 7 mo of their yearling year than did early-born foals. Correlation coefficients between measures of foals up to 400 d-of-age decreased or remained the same. Thus, growth in various proportions was asynchronous. Regression coefficients that described the resemblance between wither heights of parents and offspring increased with age and were highest in July of the yearling year. Offspring-midparent regression coefficients of 1982 foals increased from .50 ±.18 at 30 d-of-age to .78 ±.14 at 400 d-of-age. The regression coefficient in July was .84 ±.15. / Ph. D.

The present study included two investigations examining social skills in fourth grade elementary school children. The first investigation involved the examination of the use of inhibiting and facilitating self-statements (i.e., self-statements that would make it harder or easier to deliver on effective social response) by groups of withdrawn (n=33), aggressive (n=32), and popular (n=27) children across types of interpersonal situations (conflict, initiation of interactions) and relationships (friend, stranger). Results indicated that popular children showed significantly greater facilitating-inhibiting change scores on a self-report measure devised for the present investigation (Socialization Self-Statement Test), completed following the four behavioral analogue situations (Conflict Friend, Conflict Stranger, Initiate Friend, Initiate stranger). There was no significant difference between aggressive and withdrawn children on this measure. In addition, results indicated a greater tendency for children to endorse facilitative vs. inhibiting self-statements in those situations involving friends (vs. strangers) and the initiating of social behavior (vs. conflict situations). Finally, a Relationship x Situation interaction was found, indicating significantly higher facilitating-inhibiting scores in situations involving initiating interactions with friends. In the second investigation, unpopular aggressive (n=24) and withdrawn (n=24) children were randomly assigned within sociometric categories to a behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, or attention control group and evaluated on a number of measures related to social competence (peer ratings, teacher ratings, direct observations, self-report). Results indicated no significant between-treatment group differences across assessment measures, although several significant within treatment group pre-post differences were found. The lack of between treatment group differences is discussed, along with some findings related to status group differences and correlational findings. Finally, suggestions for future research are introduced. / Ph. D.

Occupational stress is a contemporary phenomenon worthy of study. Inquiry into this problem thus far has been limited to occupations other than those of higher education, and particularly lacking is research and theory in community colleges. Occupational stress can have a detrimental effect on employees, the organizations as a whole, and ultimately, society in general. This research examines the phenomenon of occupational stress among professional community college employees in administrative and instructional roles. Using the grounded theory research technique of Glaser and Strauss, 27 community college personnel across four functional levels were interviewed. Findings identify factors within employees' perception of barriers to fulfillment of role expectation that can affect and contribute to perceived stress stemming from their roles in community colleges. A theoretical framework is developed which focuses on barriers to role fulfillment, factors external to the individual that comprise those barriers, their sources, and the interactions and relationships that result in stress. / Ed. D.