Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 287 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-282).

Fok, Tsz Nam = 香港二型糖尿病併發症風險評估模型 / 霍梓楠. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Fok, Tsz Nam = Xianggang er xing tang niao bing bing fa zheng feng xian ping gu mo xing / Huo Zinan. / Abstract --- p.i / 概要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Dataset Information --- p.3 / Chapter 3 --- Background and Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Idea of Risk Model --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- Discrimination Problem --- p.10 / Chapter 3.3 --- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve --- p.11 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary Indices of the ROC Curve --- p.13 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Area Under ROC Curve (AROC) --- p.14 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Maximum Vertical Distance --- p.16 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discrimination Performance in Prognostic Model --- p.18 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Survival Data --- p.18 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Survival Function --- p.20 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Time-dependent ROC Curve for Censored Data --- p.21 / Chapter 3.6 --- Earlier Work on Diabetic Complications Risk Models --- p.22 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Maximization of the AROC --- p.28 / Chapter 4 --- Model Development --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Estimating the ROC curve and the AROC --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3 --- Choosing Suitable Risk Factors --- p.30 / Chapter 4.4 --- Mixing Risk Factors and Optimizing Coefficients --- p.31 / Chapter 4.5 --- Validation of Risk Equations Using Test Set --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- Results and Validation --- p.34 / Chapter 5.1 --- Performance of the Risk Factor Candidates --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2 --- Estimation of the Coefficients --- p.37 / Chapter 5.3 --- Checking the Uniqueness of the Solution --- p.41 / Chapter 5.4 --- Validation Using Test Set --- p.46 / Chapter 5.5 --- Comparison of AROC-optimized and MVD-optimized Risk Equations --- p.56 / Chapter 6 --- Comparison of our Results with Earlier Work --- p.58 / Chapter 7 --- "Discussion, Outstanding Issues and Future Works" --- p.66 / Chapter 7.1 --- Comparison Between the AROC and the MVD --- p.66 / Chapter 7.2 --- Applications of Risk Models --- p.68 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4 --- Outstanding Issues and Future Works --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- The Estimation of Error Due to Sampling Variance --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Time-dependent Coefficients --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4.3 --- Extending the Idea to other Datasets --- p.70 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.70 / Bibliography --- p.71

Background: Diabetes is an increasing problem in Hong Kong. Physical activity is an integral part of diabetes care but received surprisingly few attention locally. This study is the first study with focus on physical activity in Type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong. / Conclusion: There is a need to implement physical activity programs for the diabetes patients in Hong Kong. Stage-matched intervention for increasing physical activity level should be introduced into the current diabetes management routine. / Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 576 patients were recruited from two specialized diabetes clinics in Hong Kong for telephone interview. The interview included measures of physical activity (by IPAQ), mental distress (by DASS21), diabetes self-care (by SDSCA), self-care self-efficacy (by DES), exercise efficacy, attitude and subjective norm towards exercise, time-spent on exercise, instrumental social support, and various indicators of diabetes control (HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol). Regression models were fitted to identify determinants of physical activity, mental distress, and diabetes self-care. Structural equation modeling was used to model the inter-relationships between the variables. / Results: About half of the patients did not meet international guidelines of physical activity for diabetes patients. Exercise efficacy and attitudes towards exercise are the two dominant factors that predict physical activity level and exhibit significant difference between key stages of change. Level of mental distress was very low and did not correlate with physical activity or diabetes self-care. / Mui, Wai Ho. / Adviser: Joseph T.F. Lau. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-191). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Background. With increasing personal affluence and changes in lifestyle, there is rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong. Approximately 60% of diabetic subjects in Hong Kong are asymptomatic and previously undiagnosed. Since diabetes carries significant mortality and morbidity risk, it is important to diagnose these subjects early for intervention. There are many known factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes. Some are remediable such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, while some are non-remediable such as age and past history of gestational diabetes. Identifying high-risk subjects will increase the yield and cost-effectiveness of screening program for diabetes and related risk factors and provide useful epidemiological information on the natural history of these diseases. / Methods. I used data from several cross-sectional and prospective studies of which I was the principal investigator or one of the co-investigators to test these hypotheses. The studies include mainly the following: (1) A public utility company workforce survey on cardiovascular risk factors in 1990 (n=1513). (2) Chinese subjects with risk factors for diabetes who underwent 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening at the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) between 1988 and 1995 (n=3718). (3) The 'United Christian Nethersole Community Health Service' (UCNCHS) primary health screening program database in 1997 (n=17764). / Objectives & hypothesis. I aimed to study the various factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese. With this information, I can design a screening method to early identify those subjects who are at high-risk for diabetes. I hypothesize the following: (1) Many risk factors for diabetes in Caucasians are also applicable to Hong Kong Chinese. (2) The presence of multiple factors increases the risk of diabetes in a linear fashion. (3) Chinese subjects are at risk of developing diabetes at a lower threshold of obesity, which is one of the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. / Results. Based on a cohort of 1513 asymptomatic subjects from a workforce survey, those in the top quartile of body mass index (BMI), as compared to those in the lowest quartile, had a 4 to 10-fold increased risk of diabetes and a 2.5 to 5-fold increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) for men and women. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Ko Tin Choi. / "May 2005." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0173. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-283). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / School code: 1307.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207).

Background: Diabetes Mellitus type II is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired insulin secretion an insulin-resistant tissue. This disease may, if insufficiently threated cause multiple symptoms like fatigue, difficulty sleeping and dry skin. Complications caused by the disease include arteriosclerosis where cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in diabetics. Self-care is relevant to decrease these symptoms and complications where Orem’s self-care model can provide insight. Aim: To explore the factors that may be of importance for the patient’s adherence to self-care and health promoting actions at Diabetes Mellitus type II. In addition, the included studies selection groups are described. Method: This study was conducted as a descriptive literature study with 11 articles with qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches. Main Result: The adherence of self-care at Diabetes Mellitus type II may be affected by factors as if the patient has enough knowledge about the disease and self-care. Additional factors are if the patient is motivated or not, the effect of self-care on the daily life, complications, social support and if the patient is accepting the illness or not. The participants were recruited from different countries and included nurses specialized in diabetes, patients with diabetes and patients with hypertonia. In addition, the participants were recruited from mother studies, health centers and patient records. Conclusion: The nurse should work to promote health and to do that the nurse needs to see the whole patient as an individual and his or her needs. It is therefore important to have sufficient knowledge about the disease, as well as all the factors that may affect the patient's adherence to self-care in diabetes mellitus type II. / Bakgrund: Diabetes Mellitus typ II är en kronisk sjukdom som kännetecknas av nedsatt insulinsekretion och insulinresistent vävnad. Denna sjukdom kan om otillräckligt behandlad resultera i flera symtom som trötthet, sömnsvårigheter och torr hud. Komplikationer av sjukdomen är bland annat åderförkalkning där hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är den vanligaste dödsorsaken hos personer med diabetes. För att minska risken för dessa symtom och komplikationer är egenvård relevant där Orems egenvårdsmodell kan bidra med insikt. Syfte: Var att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan ha betydelse för patientens följsamhet av egenvård och hälsofrämjande åtgärder vid Diabetes Mellitus typ II. Därtill beskrivs de ingående studiernas urvalsgrupper. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med 11 artiklar med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixad ansats. Huvudresultat: Följsamheten av egenvård vid Diabetes Mellitus typ II kan påverkas av faktorer som kunskap om sjukdomen och egenvård. Ytterligare faktorer är huruvida patienten är motiverad eller inte, egenvårdens påverkan på det dagliga livet, komplikationer, socialt stöd, huruvida patienten accepterar sin sjukdom. Deltagarna till studierna rekryterades från olika länder och bestod av diabetessjuksköterskor, patienter med diabetes och patienter med hypertoni i olika kombinationer. Därtill rekryterades deltagarna från moderstudier, hälsocentraler eller patientregister. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan bör arbeta hälsofrämjande och för att göra det måste sjuksköterskan se hela patienten som individ och dennes behov. Det är därför viktigt att sjuksköterskan besitter tillräcklig kunskap om sjukdomen, samt alla de faktorer som kan ha betydelse för patientens följsamhet av egenvård vid Diabetes Mellitus typ II.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Context: There are serious deficiencies in the current tests and criteria available for the diagnosis of diabetes. A novel screening method for the earlier and more efficient detection of type 2 diabetes would be a significant clinical advance. Objective: The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) usually acts as a fuel sensor and its activation leads to O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins in a glucose-responsive manner. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) are responsible for O-GlcNAc addition and removal, respectively. As higher HBP flux is linked to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, we hypothesized that increased O-GlcNAcylation of leukocyte proteins can detect the onset of pre- and overt diabetes. Materials and methods: 74 participants from Bellville and Stellenbosch (Western Cape, South Africa) were recruited and characterized as normal, pre-diabetic or diabetic. Leukocytes (granulocytes and lymphocytes) isolated from study subjects were evaluated for O-GlcNAcylation, OGA and OGT expression by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. Results: Leukocyte O-GlcNAcylation increased in both pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals, with leukocyte sub-population data showing the greatest sensitivity. OGA expression and O-GlcNAc/OGA ratios elevated in parallel with increasing glucose concentrations. OGT expression did not significantly change for any of the study subjects investigated. Conclusions: The initial and significant increases in leukocyte O-GlcNAcylation demonstrate great potential for the earlier detection of pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. OGA expression and O-GlcNAc/OGA ratios may also have diagnostic value. Together our data show strong promise for eventual diagnostic utility and the more efficient detection of type 2 diabetes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konteks: Daar is ernstige tekortkominge in die huidige toetsing en kriteria vir die diagnose van diabetes. ʼn Nuwe metode vir die vroeë en meer effektiewe opsporing van tipe 2 diabetes sal beduidende kliniese voordeel inhou. Doelstelling: Onder normale omstandighede tree die heksosamienbiosintetiese pad (HBP) as energie sensor op, en die aktivering daarvan gee aanleiding tot O-GlcNAsetilering van proteïene in ʼn glukose-afhanglike wyse. O-GlcNAs transferase (OGT) en O-GlcNAse (OGA) is onderskeidelik verantwoordelik vir O-GlcNAs toevoeging en verwydering. Aangesien hoër HBP fluks verband hou met insulienweerstandigheid /tipe 2 diabetes, stel ons ʼn hipotese voor dat opsporing van verhoogde O-GlcNAsilasie van leukosietproteïene, die aanvang van pre-diabetes en diabetes kan voorspel. Materiale en metodes: 74 vrywillige deelnemers van Bellville en Stellenbosch (Wes Kaap Provinsie, Suid Afrika) is gewerf en gekarakteriseer as normaal, pre-diabeties of diabeties. Leukosiete (granulosiete en limfosiete), uit bloed van deelnemers geïsoleer, is vir O-GlcNAsilasie, OGA en OGT uitdrukking deur vloeisitometrie, immunofluoressensie-mikroskopie en Western blotting, ondersoek. Resultate: Leukosiet O-GlcNAsetilering is verhoog in beide pre-diabetiese en diabetiese individue, met leukosiet sub-populasie wat die mees sensitiewe data gelewer het. OGA uitdrukking en O-GlcNAs/OGA verhoudings in parallel verhoog tot ʼn toename in glukose konsentrasies. OGT uitdrukking het nie betekenisvol verander in enige van die individue wat ondersoek is nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Die vroeë en betekenisvolle toename in leukosiet O-GlcNAsetilering toon groot potensiaal vir die vroeë opsporing van pre-diabetiese en diabetiese individue. OGA uitdrukking en O-GlcNAs/OGA verhoudings het ook moontlik diagnostiese waarde. Ons data toon belowende resultate vir die gevolglike diagnostiese waarde en ʼn meer effektiewe opsporing van tipe 2 diabetes.