La thèse porte sur la question de l’inclusion des élèves handicapés au collège dans le cadre d’une ULIS (unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire) et plus particulièrement sur ce qu’éprouvent psychiquement les acteurs de cette inclusion : enseignants et autres adultes de la communauté éducative mais aussi les élèves eux-mêmes. Elle analyse ces éprouvés et leurs conséquences pédagogiques selon une approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique. En effet, si la question de l’inclusion, devenue centrale depuis la loi de février 2005 sur le handicap, est souvent entrevue sous le jour d’une réflexion sociologique ou pédagogique, il apparaît qu’une telle approche clinique permet d’éclairer les phénomènes subjectifs et intersubjectifs dans lesquels les sujets enseignants principalement sont engagés dans une rencontre avec « l’inquiétante étrangeté » (« Unheimliche », Freud, 1919) des élèves handicapés. Une clinique du handicap autorise à comprendre comment les différents acteurs investissent les liens à l’autre, fantasment le handicap et comment ils mettent en œuvre des défenses inconscientes pour réduire l’altérité du sujet handicapé. Ces défenses ont pour effet d’invisibiliser ces élèves dans le collège et de les maintenir sur le seuil de la classe ordinaire, dans une position de liminalité qui correspond aux difficultés que peuvent éprouver psychiquement les enseignants à intégrer leur étrangeté. L’euphémisation ou le rejet des dispositifs inclusifs est le corollaire de ces difficultés. / The thesis focuses on the issue of inclusion of disabled students in middle school within a ULIS (Local Inclusive Education Unit) and more specifically on what the actors of such inclusion, teachers and other educational community adults, but also students themselves, experience mentally. It analyzes these experiences and their pedagogical consequences, following a clinical psychoanalytic approach. Indeed, while the issue of inclusion, made central since the February 2005 law on disability, is often looked at under the light of a sociological or pedagogical reflection, it appears such clinical approach sheds a light on both subjective and intersubjective phenomena in which teaching subjects are engaged in meeting « the uncanny » (« Unheimliche », Freud, 1919) of disabled students. A clinical approach of disability allows understanding of how the different actors invest in the relationship with others, how they fantasize the disability and how they implement unconscious defense mechanisms to reduce the disabled person's otherness. These defense mechanisms aim to invisibilize these students within the school and to keep them on the ordinary classroom doorstep, in a position of liminality, which matches the difficulties teachers can experiment mentally in integrating their strangeness. The euphemizing or rejecting of inclusive processes is corollary to these difficulties.

People with disabilities have been marginalized and excluded from the mainstream of life, including leisure contexts (Datillo, 2002, Lord & Hutchinson, 1979, Schleien et al ., 1997). As a result, this causes major barriers to social inclusion (Bedini, 2000 ; Devine & Datillo, 2001; Devine, 2004). While inclusion may be appealing on theoretical and policy levels, it remains a confusing, complicated, and fragmented term (Shakir, 2005). The purpose of this study was to conduct a case study of an adventure therapy organization that delivers outdoor programs for people with disabilities . I specifically focused on an adaptive kayaking program offered to people with disabilities and interviewed or conducted focus groups with clients, staff, and volunteers (n=30) . I examined how they view the meanings and experiences of inclusion as well as the inclusion strategies employed by the organization. I also examined what contributes to the constraints to inclusion and ideas for improvement. The interviews were augmented by document analysis and participant observations. The meanings of inclusion that were voiced included : the integration of people with and without disabilities, treating people uniquely, participating in activities that able bodied people do, being with others like me, and inclusion is mutually understood. The clients' experiences with inclusion encompassed: enjoying friendships with others, experiencing barriers, benefiting from participating in the outdoors, and challenging oneself. The constraints that were evident were feeling belittled when receiving help, dealing with the limitations of disability, not including clients in decision making , over protectiveness from family, and liability in the outdoors. The strategies identified as fostering inclusion included: using the outdoors, the use of adaptations, encouraging clients to take responsibility, and convenient facilities. Promoting the adventure therapy program better, create additional choices for clients, and increasing opportunities for them to take responsibilities were identified as desired improvements. Exploring the various understandings of inclusion through the voices of people with disabilities within a recreation program is rare and contributes to the literature by identifying what the term means to them and how it can be implemented to increase the benefits derived. The implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are provided. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate

Thesis advisor: Lauri Johnson / Understanding how leaders in school districts develop, implement, and sustain effective inclusive practices in schools that continuously enable students with disabilities (SWDs) to be consistently immersed in appropriate learning environments is a complex task. Research indicates that successful inclusive policies, structures, and beliefs are developed contextually and are not always transferable. More research needs to be done on inclusive practices that are implemented by district and school leaders and their effects on students with disabilities. As part of a group qualitative case study about inclusive leadership practices in a diverse urban school district in Massachusetts (Northside Public Schools), the purpose of this individual study was to examine leadership practices that undergird inclusion for students with disabilities in the general education classroom. Interview data from sixteen district and school leaders, six teachers in a focus group interview, and public documents provided data for analysis through a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework. Findings indicate that strong welcoming school environments and the leader’s vision for inclusion are important, but will not necessarily lead to improved achievement outcomes for SWDs. Leaders should build from inclusive values and determine appropriate steps to intentionally remove barriers to the curriculum for SWDs in the general education classroom. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

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The study examines the subject of financial inclusion and women’s empowerment in South Africa. Apart from the technicalities and minutiae affecting financial inclusion for women, the study will analyse the existing government measures on financial inclusion to determine if these contribute to the socio-economic empowerment of female entrepreneurs in South Africa. The study uses a feminist political economy perspective to understand the historical exclusion of the female gender in South Africa and the gender gaps regarding financial inclusion as a result. The effects of colonialism in South Africa on gender inequality, structural, psychological and cultural degradation and how these have affected women’s participation in social and economic relations in the finance sector in the country are part of the effort to understand financial inclusion and women’s empowerment. Resentment, exclusion and coercion are the inevitable consequences of poverty and inequality in post-apartheid South Africa. Although concerted efforts have been made by the state to address this problem, including ensuring that women and girls have access to finance and gender equality within their constitutional rights (as contained in the national policy), the problem has remained unabated. Using the qualitative method approach, based on attitudinal research of an exploratory nature, the study hoped to gain insight, from the available literature as well as respondents’ responses, into financial inclusion/exclusion and how this impacts women’s empowerment in South Africa. Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Inclusive Development, Political Economy, Women’s Empowerment, South Africa. / Thesis (PhD (Political Science))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / UP Doctoral Research Bursary. / Political Sciences / PhD (Political Science) / Unrestricted

Thesis advisor: Deborah Piatelli / This study contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion efforts in organizations. Previous studies focus on D&I efforts for full-time staff and employees. This qualitative and intersectional study examined first-generation black students in corporatized organizations that are predominantly white through interviews where they could share their experiences with organizational structures and cultures to determine the impact that it has on the performance and identity of black interns. This study assessed organizational cultures of three kinds: exclusive, transitional, and inclusive. Using these organizational cultures, the study determined the way that racism and whiteness culture affects the intern experience. The participants had various relationships with recruitment strategies, diversity discussions, navigating professional and personal networking, negotiating working identity and imposter syndrome, stereotype threat, microaggressions, and professional development. Overall, organizations are engaging in practices that alienate and suppress black student interns while encouraging assimilation. In inclusive organizations, black interns feel like they can be their authentic selves and progress more successfully because of the acceptance of their identity and their ability to share their experiences with that identity. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: . / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

When exploring an original and relevant contribution to the continuing development of future transportation solutions, the author was inspired by the unbalanced influence mankind has on our planet earth. Amongst other effects of climate change, sea level is rising and will by the end of this century resultin uninhabitable areas. With this design project, the author aimed at emitting a positive answer to climate change; showing how with a different way of thinking the water no longer has to been seen as a problem but instead as a solution. Forming a basic understanding of how people in the future could live on water required a broad exploration of trends which are currently influencing society and living environment needs. The aging population and the need for smaller living and shared facilities were some of the conclusions of this research, which in collaboration with an architect were translated into a hypothetical floating village plan. Far future scenario planning proved to be a process with many uncertainties, however by empirically filling in the blanks an image emerged which provided a sufficient foundation for the development of potential mobility and transportation opportunities. A living environment where houses and facilities are separated from each other by a barrier (the water), presented challenges for its inhabitants in regards to mobility yet unknown in life as we know on land. The transportation solution the author is putting forward is a shared autonomous shuttle system, seamlessly integrated with the floating architecture and infrastructure, which make the inhabitants perceive the water not as a barrier. The fact that in a floating village architecture and infrastructure move along with the fluctuating water level just like the water transport, allowed for rethinking the archetype of a boat and designing a flush and stable ingress/egress experience. Aesthetic inspiration was found in nature; by analyzing the stance of the water strider insect, a stable looking vehicle was realized which conveys trust towards its users. In short, it has been a degree topic containing a multi-faceted challenge from which the author at the beginning of the project could not foresee the impact.

The purpose of this study was to explore regular education teachers’ perceptions of inclusion. The participants of this study were K-12 regular education teachers located in Tennessee’s First region. Specifically, this research explored (1) perceptions of the impact of inclusion on instructional strategies, (2) perceived level of preparedness to effectively teach students with disabilities (3) professional development needs of regular education teachers instructing students with disabilities, and (4) collaborative relationships between regular and special educators. The data sources analyzed consisted of a survey design using a 4-point Likert scale. Each research question had a corresponding null hypothesis. Each research question was analyzed using a single sample t-test with mid-point of the scale (2.5) as the value representing neutrality. All data were analyzed at the .05 level of significance. Findings indicated that participants’ overall perceptions of inclusion were significantly positive.

The focus of my research is on the experience of Cameroonian migrants, and their relationship with the City of Cape Town. This work focuses on agency on the part of the migrant in understanding the mechanisms/strategies they use in their integration process within their host communities. This thesis argues that those migrants with the weakest social position and tenuous links to their home country are forced to live a marginal and precarious existence while those with stronger ties and independent means of existence adopt a transnational existence. There are also those migrants who, having selected and made South Africa their home, have transformed local cultures and attitudes. The latter was the ideal type that drove and motivated this research, for it is through these processes that community members in South Africa can be made aware of the benefits that come with migrants. This is a global challenge and different countries have responded to it in different ways. Through a qualitative method, I argue in the thesis that despite the “otherness” experienced by migrants within their host communities, authority and institutions, migrants lay claims of social belonging in South Africa and as a result through ethnic solidarity embedded within their Home Town Association - defensively combine as a strategy for existence within their host communities.

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