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Is Bio-Oss an osteoconductive material when used as an onlay bone substitute? : an experimental study in the mandible of the rabbitAl-Harkan, Abdullah January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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The efficacy of biodegradable mesh as a fixation device for support of autogenous onlay bone grafts : a radiographic and histomorphometric analysisAl-Jandan, Badr January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Bone Regeneration Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from a Clinically Relevant Rat Model of OsteoporosisSaverot, Scott-Eugene 09 April 2020 (has links)
Falls among the elderly are a major source of injury, often leading to serious fractures, hospitalization, and death. Osteoporosis (OP) is a global problem intimately related with these fractures, characterized by reduced bone mass, increased bone fragility. There exists a high failure rate in the translation of treatments to osteoporotic populations. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for OP has not yet been examined in clinical trials. This may be attributed to the mixed findings of pre-clinical studies aimed at determining the efficacy of MSC therapy towards bone regeneration in OP.
The most common animal model of OP is ovariectomy (OVX) that simulates post-menopausal estrogen loss. A plethora of bone regeneration studies have used OVX models with 12-16 weeks post-OVX periods and have generally reported positive results from a variety of treatment modalities, including MSC therapy. However, the use of the minimum post-OVX period may not be appropriate to reflect the global changes in regenerative potential of OP patients. In our research group's previous study, MSC were isolated from a minimum 60 week post-OVX rat model, representing a severe case of OP. The MSC isolated from these animals are a unique cell population that we expect may better represent the outcomes of autologous cell therapies for the older patient population in the clinic.
In the present study, adipose and bone marrow derived MSC from OVX and age-matched animals were evaluated for their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials in culture through passage 10. Results from this study suggest that bone marrow derived-MSC maintain their phenotype and functionality more effectively than adipose derived-MSC in OP. Further investigations used regenerative medicine approaches for cell expansion on keratin protein coated microcarriers in static culture. Hair-derived keratin biomaterials have demonstrated their utility as carriers of biologics and drugs for tissue engineering. An optimal microcarrier was selected that demonstrated superior retention of the protein coating through electrostatic interactions and high cell viability.
Finally, the integration of cell-microcarriers into a perfusion bioreactor system was explored. Preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility of MSC growth and differentiation on microcarrier based packed beds. Moreover, AD-MSC from OP rats were unresponsive to both inductive media and shear stress related osteogenic cues. These results highlight the complexity and challenges associated with the MSC regenerative strategy. / Doctor of Philosophy / Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that results in reduced bone mass, increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Osteoporotic patients who experience falls suffer serious fractures, hospitalization, and poor bone healing. Several different therapies have been developed for the treatment of osteoporosis, though many are unable to translate from the bench to the clinical population. A popular treatment being investigated is the application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for fracture repair and the reversal of osteoporotic bone losses. However, cells isolated from aged and osteoporotic patients have been shown to have deficient bone forming properties. Nevertheless, animal models of osteoporosis applying this treatment report amelioration of bone loss.
This work seeks to examine a more clinically relevant rat model of osteoporosis. Typical osteoporosis models use an ovariectomy procedure to simulate post-menopausal bone loss on relatively young animals and conduct short-term studies. These studies may not accurately reflect the global regenerative changes in osteoporosis patients or the impaired MSC properties.
Adipose and bone marrow derived MSC from a long term ovariectomy model were investigated for their regenerative potentials. MSC growth and bone forming potential was evaluated on keratin protein coated microcarriers in both static and perfusion cultures. Results from this study suggest that bone marrow derived MSC maintain their phenotype and functionality more effectively than adipose derived MSC in osteoporosis. Further preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility of MSC growth and differentiation on microcarrier based packed beds. These results highlight the complexity and challenges associated with the MSC regenerative strategy.
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Demonstrating the Potential of Using Bio-Based Sustainable Polyester Blends for Bone Tissue Engineering ApplicationsRamos-Rodriguez, D.H., Pashneh-Tala, S., Bains, A.K., Moorehead, R.D., Kassos, Nikolaos, Kelly, Adrian L., Paterson, T.E., Orozco-Diaz, C.A., Gill, A.A., Ortega Asencio, I. 11 May 2022 (has links)
Yes / Healthcare applications are known to have a considerable environmental impact and the use of bio-based polymers has emerged as a powerful approach to reduce the carbon footprint in the sector. This research aims to explore the suitability of using a new sustainable polyester blend (Floreon™) as a scaffold directed to aid in musculoskeletal applications. Musculoskeletal problems arise from a wide range of diseases and injuries related to bones and joints. Specifically, bone injuries may result from trauma, cancer, or long-term infections and they are currently considered a major global problem in both developed and developing countries. In this work we have manufactured a series of 3D-printed constructs from a novel biopolymer blend using fused deposition modelling (FDM), and we have modified these materials using a bioceramic (wollastonite, 15% w/w). We have evaluated their performance in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts and rat mesenchymal stromal cells. The new sustainable blend is biocompatible, showing no differences in cell metabolic activity when compared to PLA controls for periods 1-18 days. FloreonTM blend has proven to be a promising material to be used in bone tissue regeneration as it shows an impact strength in the same range of that shown by native bone (just under 10 kJ/m2) and supports an improvement in osteogenic activity when modified with wollastonite. / We would like to acknowledge the Medical Research Council in the UK (MRC) for funding this research throughout a MRC Proximity to Discovery award (P2D) with grant number MC_PC_16084. We would also like to acknowledge CONACYT for funding DH RamosRodriguez’s work.
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Experimentelle Untersuchung zur Alveolarkammaugmentation mit Poly-(D,L-)Laktid-Membranen / Experimental investigation of alveolar ridge augmentation using a poly-(d,l-)lactide-membraneGründel, Marcel 11 March 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Avaliação histológica da reparação óssea em defeitos bicorticais no ângulo de mandíbula de ratos geneticamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto / Histological evaluation of bone repair in through-in-through defects of mandibular angle of the spontaneously hypertensive rats and controls Wistar-KyotoChin, Veronica Kei Len 01 October 2008 (has links)
A presença da hipertensão arterial pode comprometer a qualidade da reparação óssea, pois a doença é caracterizada por alterações fisiopatológicas vasculares e do metabolismo mineral. Com o objetivo de avaliar a neoformação e o remodelamento ósseo, este trabalho investigou o processo da reparação óssea em ratos geneticamente hipertensos (SHR) e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Defeitos bicorticais de 2mm de diâmetro no lado direito e de 5mm no lado esquerdo, foram realizados com trefinas na região do ângulo de mandíbula. Os animais, divididos em grupos de cinco indivíduos cada, foram sacrificados após 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatórios; as mandíbulas foram removidas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas em ácido fórmico a 20%, incluídas em parafina e as secções histológicas, de 7m de espessura, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. As imagens foram capturadas com aumento de 40x e a área do defeito mensurada pelo programa de histometria digital Image J versão 1.4. A análise estatística revelou que não houve diferença significante na comparação entre as linhagens WKY e SHR (p = 0,884), independente dos períodos ou lados avaliados; entre períodos, nas linhagens WKY (p = 0,101) e SHR (p = 0,479), independente dos lados avaliados; entre períodos por linhagens no lado direito; e entre linhagens por lados, esquerdo com p = 0,466 e direito com p = 0,689, independente do fator período. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o lado esquerdo e o direito (p < 0,001), independente das linhagens e períodos avaliados; entre os lados por linhagens, WKY e SHR, ambas com p < 0,001; entre períodos por linhagens no lado esquerdo, no qual o grupo WKY de 15 dias apresentou área menor que o grupo WKY de 60 dias e o grupo SHR de 10 dias, e o grupo WKY de 60 dias apresentou área maior que o grupo SHR de 30 dias e SHR de 60 dias. Apesar das alterações encontradas no lado esquerdo, que podem ser atribuídas à remodelação funcional do osso da mandíbula, não houve diferenças significantes na reparação do defeito de 5mm e de 2mm entre ratos espontaneamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto. / Arterial hypertension may affect the quality of bone repair because this disease is characterized by physiopathological vascular and bone metabolism changes. With the objective of evaluating the bone neoformation and remodeling, this study investigated the process of bone repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Through-in-through defects were done with trephine burs in the mandibular angle area, of 2mm diameter on the right side and 5mm diameter on the left side. The animals were divided into groups of five individuals each one and killed after 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperative days; the mandibles were removed, fixed in 10% formalin solution, decalcified with 20% formic acid, and embedded in paraffin; the histological sections of 7m thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The images were captured with 40x magnification and the defect area was measured by the image processing program Image J version 1.4. The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the comparison of WKY and SHR strains (p = 0,884), independent of periods or sides; among periods, in the WKY strain (p = 0,101) and SHR one (p = 0,479), independent of sides; among periods by strains on the right side; and among strains by sides, left side with p = 0,466 and right side with p = 0,689, independent of periods. There is a significant difference between left and right side (p < 0,001), independent of strains and periods; between sides by strains, WKY and SHR, both with p < 0,001; among periods by strains on the left side, which WKY 15 days group showed an area smaller than WKY 60 days and SHR 10 days groups, and WKY 60 days group showed an area bigger than SHR 30 days and SHR 60 days groups. Despite the changes founded on the left side that could be attributed to the functional remodeling of the mandibular bone, there were no differences in the bone repair of 5mm and 2mm diameter defects between spontaneously hypertensive rats and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto.
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Avaliação histológica da reparação óssea em defeitos bicorticais no ângulo de mandíbula de ratos geneticamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto / Histological evaluation of bone repair in through-in-through defects of mandibular angle of the spontaneously hypertensive rats and controls Wistar-KyotoVeronica Kei Len Chin 01 October 2008 (has links)
A presença da hipertensão arterial pode comprometer a qualidade da reparação óssea, pois a doença é caracterizada por alterações fisiopatológicas vasculares e do metabolismo mineral. Com o objetivo de avaliar a neoformação e o remodelamento ósseo, este trabalho investigou o processo da reparação óssea em ratos geneticamente hipertensos (SHR) e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Defeitos bicorticais de 2mm de diâmetro no lado direito e de 5mm no lado esquerdo, foram realizados com trefinas na região do ângulo de mandíbula. Os animais, divididos em grupos de cinco indivíduos cada, foram sacrificados após 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatórios; as mandíbulas foram removidas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas em ácido fórmico a 20%, incluídas em parafina e as secções histológicas, de 7m de espessura, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. As imagens foram capturadas com aumento de 40x e a área do defeito mensurada pelo programa de histometria digital Image J versão 1.4. A análise estatística revelou que não houve diferença significante na comparação entre as linhagens WKY e SHR (p = 0,884), independente dos períodos ou lados avaliados; entre períodos, nas linhagens WKY (p = 0,101) e SHR (p = 0,479), independente dos lados avaliados; entre períodos por linhagens no lado direito; e entre linhagens por lados, esquerdo com p = 0,466 e direito com p = 0,689, independente do fator período. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o lado esquerdo e o direito (p < 0,001), independente das linhagens e períodos avaliados; entre os lados por linhagens, WKY e SHR, ambas com p < 0,001; entre períodos por linhagens no lado esquerdo, no qual o grupo WKY de 15 dias apresentou área menor que o grupo WKY de 60 dias e o grupo SHR de 10 dias, e o grupo WKY de 60 dias apresentou área maior que o grupo SHR de 30 dias e SHR de 60 dias. Apesar das alterações encontradas no lado esquerdo, que podem ser atribuídas à remodelação funcional do osso da mandíbula, não houve diferenças significantes na reparação do defeito de 5mm e de 2mm entre ratos espontaneamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto. / Arterial hypertension may affect the quality of bone repair because this disease is characterized by physiopathological vascular and bone metabolism changes. With the objective of evaluating the bone neoformation and remodeling, this study investigated the process of bone repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Through-in-through defects were done with trephine burs in the mandibular angle area, of 2mm diameter on the right side and 5mm diameter on the left side. The animals were divided into groups of five individuals each one and killed after 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperative days; the mandibles were removed, fixed in 10% formalin solution, decalcified with 20% formic acid, and embedded in paraffin; the histological sections of 7m thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The images were captured with 40x magnification and the defect area was measured by the image processing program Image J version 1.4. The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the comparison of WKY and SHR strains (p = 0,884), independent of periods or sides; among periods, in the WKY strain (p = 0,101) and SHR one (p = 0,479), independent of sides; among periods by strains on the right side; and among strains by sides, left side with p = 0,466 and right side with p = 0,689, independent of periods. There is a significant difference between left and right side (p < 0,001), independent of strains and periods; between sides by strains, WKY and SHR, both with p < 0,001; among periods by strains on the left side, which WKY 15 days group showed an area smaller than WKY 60 days and SHR 10 days groups, and WKY 60 days group showed an area bigger than SHR 30 days and SHR 60 days groups. Despite the changes founded on the left side that could be attributed to the functional remodeling of the mandibular bone, there were no differences in the bone repair of 5mm and 2mm diameter defects between spontaneously hypertensive rats and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto.
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Bone regeneration in novel porous titanium implantsKhouja, Naseeba, 1981- January 2010 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of the novel
press-fit dental implant fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM, Southern Methodist
Univ.) and compare it to a commercially-available porous-coated press-fit dental implant
(Endopore, Innova Corp.).
Twelve cylindrical shaped implants 3 mm in diameter x 5 mm long were made by
EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) using Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. Twelve commercial
implants (Endopore, Innova Corp.) of the same geometry were used as controls. Samples
were implanted in rabbit tibia and retrieved six weeks postoperatively. Six specimens from each implant type were embedded undecalcified, sectioned, and stained with
toluidine blue (Sigma) for histomorphometry analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC)
was measured. On the six remaining samples from each implant type, the mechanical
properties were evaluated by pushout test on a material testing machine. The samples
were loaded at a loading rate of 1 mm/min. The pushout strength was measured and the
apparent shear stiffness was calculated. The results were analyzed with a paired-t test.
The histology shows osteointegration of surrounding bone with both implant
types. Bone was found to grow into the porous space between the beads. Both the
Endopore (Innova Corp.) and the EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) showed similar BIC.
The mean BIC for the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.)
implant were 35 ± 6% and 32 ± 9%, respectively. It failed to reach statistical significance
(p > 0.05). The peak pushout force for Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern
Methodist Univ.) implants were 198.80 ± 61.29 N and 243.21 ± 69.75 N, respectively.
The apparent shear stiffness between bone and implant for the Endopore (Innova Corp.)
and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implants were 577.36 ± 129.99 N/mm; and 584.48
± 146.63 N/mm, respectively. Neither the peak pushout force nor the apparent shear
stiffness of the implants was statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05).
The results suggest that the implants manufactured by EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.)
perform equally well as the commercial implant Endopore (Innova Corp.) in this current
animal model.
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Knochenregeneration in vivo durch kombinierte Freisetzung von BMP und VEGF aus PDLLA/CaCO3-Komposit-Scaffolds / Bone regeneration in vivo by the combined release of BMP and VEGF from PDLLA / CaCO3 composite scaffoldsLohse, Nils 22 February 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Alternative insulin mitogenic signaling pathways in immature osteoblast cell linesLangeveldt, Carmen Ronel 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Insulin is a mitogen for many cells and commonly signals through the classical, mitogenic Raf-
MEK-ERK or metabolic PB-kinase pathways. Insulin deficiency or type I diabetes causes
severe osteopenia. Obese patients with type II diabetes or insulin resistance, a disease associated
with defective insulin signaling pathways and high levels of circulating insulin, have increased
or normal bone mineral density. The question of whether hyperinsul inemia preserves bone mass
is frequently raised. However, there is still a lot of controversy on the role of insulin as an
osteoanabolic agent and this question still remains unanswered. A critical role for insulin
signaling in bone building osteoblasts has recently been demonstrated with IRS-l knock-out
mice. These mice developed low-turnover osteopenia due to impaired proliferation and
differentiation, stressing the importance of osteoblastic IRS-l for maintaining normal bone
formation.
In the present study it was found that insulin does function in vitro as an osteoblast mitogen.
This was illustrated in three relatively immature osteoblast (MBA-15.4, -15.6 mouse and MG-
63 human) cell lines, which responded to insulin with significant increases in proliferation. In
the MBA -15.4 preosteoblasts insulin stimulation of proliferation was comparable to the welldescribed
mitogen, TPA. The UMR-I06 cell line expresses markers of differentiated
osteoblasts, and was much less responsive to insulin treatment. The difference in proliferative
potential may be due to differences between spontaneously transformed cell lines, or the stage
of cell differentiation.
UOI26, a MEKI/2 inhibitor and wortmannin, a PB-kinase inhibitor, were used to investigate the
pathway used by insulin to signal and activate ERK and osteoblast proliferation. In MBA-15.4
mouse preosteoblasts, GF-containing FCS was completely dependent on MEK for DNA
synthesis. In contrast, in both MBA-15.4 and more mature MBA-15.6 osteoblasts, insulininduced
proliferation was resistant to the inhibitors alone or in combination. Higher MEKinhibitor
concentrations had no effect, and proliferation was also increased by the inhibitors in
several experiments. This indicated that the classical, insulin mitogenic pathway was not
involved in MBA-15.4 proliferation. Wortmannin had no effect on either insulin- or 20% FCSstimulated
proliferation, but inhibited activation of Akt/PKB, the metabolic downstream target
of PI3-kinase. Insul in signal ing to ERK was both MEK-and PI3-kinase- dependent, but this had
no effect on proliferation. In contrast, FCS-stimulated ERK activation and proliferation was
almost completely dependent on MEK-ERK activation. Proliferative signaling in the MG-63 human osteoblastic cell line in response to insulin was
partially dependent on MEK and partially dependent on PB-kinase. In contrast, signaling in
response to the phorbol ester, TPA, was partially dependent on PI3K but totally dependent on
MEK-ERK. This indicates that the signal converges on ERK, suggesting the involvement of a
PB-kinase upstream of a dominant MEK-ERK pathway. The differences found here between
mouse and human insulin mitogenic signaling pathways indicate that there may be species
differences between osteoblast signaling pathways, with mouse cells being independent and
human cells being dependent on MEK for DNA synthesis in response to insulin.
The effects of glucocorticoids on insulin mitogenic signaling in osteoblasts were also
investigated, because chronic long-term steroid use results in excessive bone loss. The PTP
inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, reversed GC-impaired TPA- and FCS- induced proliferation in
MBA-1SA and MG-63 preosteoblasts. PTPs, such as SHP-l and PTP-IB, dephosphorylate and
inactivate phosphorylated kinases. Both SHP-l and PTPlB associated with kinases in the
mitogenic signaling cascade of MBA-lS.4 preosteoblasts growing rapidly in 10% FCS. Further,
SHP-I co-irnmunoprecipitated with active, tyrosine phosphorylated ERK, which may indicate
that it can dephosphorylate and inactivate ERK. However, since the MEK-ERK or PB-kinase
pathways are not important in insulin-induced proliferation in mouse osteoblasts, the PTPs are
unlikely to be role players in the negative regulation of this signaling pathway. This was
confirmed by the finding that vanadate was unable to reverse GC-induced decreases in insulinstimulated
DNA synthesis. This suggests that vanadate-sensitive PTPs may not be important in
the negative regulation of insulin-induced mouse osteoblast proliferation, and provides further
evidence of a novel insulin mitogenic pathway in the MBA-lSA but not MG-63 osteoblastic
cell line. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Insulien is 'n mitogeen vir baie selle en gelei na binding aan die insulien reseptor, intrasellulêre
seine via die klassieke, mitogeniese Raf-MEK-ERK of die metaboliese PB-kinase
seintransduksie pad. 'n Insulien gebrek of tipe I diabetes veroorsaak osteopenie. Vetsugtige
pasiënte met insulien weestandigheid of tipe II diabetes, 'n siekte wat geassosieer word met
foutiewe insulien seintransduksie en hoë vlakke van sirkuierende insulien, het verhoogde of
normale been mineraal digtheid (BMD). Die vraag of hiper insulin ernie 'n verlies aan beenmassa
teëwerk word dikwels gevra. Teenstrydigheid oor die rol van insulien as 'n osteo-anaboliese stof
bestaan egter steeds en hierdie vraag bly dus onbeantwoord. Dat insulien seintransduksie wel 'n
kritiese rol speel in beenvormende osteoblaste is onlangs bevestig in studies met muise waarvan
die geen vir IRS-l uitgeslaan is. Hierdie muise ontwikkel 'n lae omset osteopenie weens
verswakte proliferasie en differensiasie.
fn hierdie studie is gevind dat insulien wel in vitro as 'n osteoblast mitogeen kan funksioneer.
Dit is in drie relatief onvolwasse (MBA-15.4, -15.6 muis en MG-63 mens) sellyne geillistreer,
deur betekenisvolle verhogings in insulien-geaktiveerde proliferasie. In MBA-15.4 preosteoblaste
is die persentasie verhoging in insulien-gestimuleerde proliferasie vergelykbaar met
dié van die bekende mitogeniese forbolester, TPA. Die UMR-I06 sellyn het kenmerke van
gedifferensieerde osteoblaste, en was baie minder responsief op insulien behandeling. Die
verskil in die proliferasie vermoë van die verskillende sellyne kan die gevolg wees van verskille
wat bestaan tussen spontaan getransformeerde sellyne of die stadium van sel differensiasie.
'n MEK 1/2 inhibitor, UO126 en 'n PB-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, is gebruik om die insulien
seintransduksie pad noodsaaklik vir die aktivering van ERK en osteoblast proliferasie te bepaal.
In MBA-1S.4 muis pre-osteoblaste, was fetale kalf SenlTI1(FKS)-geinduseerde DNA sintese
totaal afhanklik van MEK. Beide die MBA-15.4 en die meer volwasse MBA-15.6 muis
osteoblaste was weerstandig teen die inhibitors op hulle eie, of in kombinasie. Verhoogde
MEK-inhibitor konsentrasies het geen verdere effek gehad nie en in verskeie eksperimente is 'n
verhoging in preliferasie selfs waargeneem met MEK-inhibisie. Hierdie resultate dui aan dat die
klassieke insulien mitogeniese pad nie betrokke is in MBA-I5.4 gestimuleerde selproliferasie
nie. Wortmannin het geen effek gehad op insulien- of20% FKS-gestimuleerde DNA sintese nie,
maar het wel die aktivering van PB-kinase se metaboliese teiken, AktJPKB geinhibeer. Insulien
seintransduksie aktiveer dus ERK deur beide MEK en PB-kinase, maar het geen effek op
proliferasie gehad nie. FKS-gestimuleerde ERK aktivering en proliferasie was totaal afhanlik
van MEK-ERK aktivering. Insulien-geaktiveerde DNA sintese in die mens MG-63 osteoblaste was gedeeltelik afhanklik
van beide MEK en PB-kinase. Alhoewel IPA ook PB-kinase kon aktiveer, was dit totaal
afhanklik van MEK vir DNA sintese. Dit dui aan dat daar 'n PB-kinase stroom-op van 'n
dominante MEK-ERK seintransduksie pad voorkom. Die verskille wat ons dus waargeneem het
in insulien mitogeniese seintransduksie tussen muis en mens, kan aandui dat insuliengestimuleerde
seintranduksie paaie kan verskil van spesie tot spesie. Dit is bevestig met die
muisselle wat onafhanklik is en mens selle wat afhanklik is van MEK aktivering vir insuliengeaktiveerde
DNA sintese.
Kroniese, langtermyn steroied behandeling kan beenverlies veroorsaak en die effek van
glukokortikoide (GK) op die insulien mitogeniese pad in osteoblaste is dus ook ondersoek.
Natrium-ortovanadaat, 'n proteien tirosien fosfatase (PIP) inhibitor het GK-verlaagde
proliferasie in repons tot beide IPA- en FKS behandeling herstel in MBA-lSA en MG-63
preosteoblaste. PIPs soos SHP-l en PIP-l B funksioneer deur gefosforileerde kinases te
defosforileer en dus te inaktiveer. Beide SHP-l and PIP-lB kon assosieer met kinases in die
mitogeniese insulien seintransduksie pad van vinnig groeiende MBA-IS A preosteoblaste in
10% FKS. Verder het SHP-I ook geko-immunopresipiteer met aktiewe, tirosien-gefosforileerde
ERK, wat aandui dat SHP-I met ERK assosieer om dit te defosforileer en inaktiveer. Die MEKERK
of PB-kinase paaie is nie belangrik vir insulien-geaktiveerde seintransduksie in muis
osteoblaste nie. Dit is dus onwaarskynlik dat die PIPs 'n rol sal speel in die negatiewe
regulering van hierdie seintransduksie paaie. Die ontdekking dat vanadaat nie glukokortikoiedverlaagde
insulien-geaktiveerde DNA sintese kan herstel nie, toon dat vanadaat-sensitiewe PIPs
nie 'n rol speel in insulien-geaktiveerde proliferasie in muisselle nie. Hierdie bevinding het
verder bevestig dat 'n nuwe insulien mitogeniese pad in die MBA-ISA, maar nie die MG-63
selle moontlik bestaan.
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