Dans un contexte d’« hyper » compétition, la capacité d’adaptation à un environnement économique sans cesse changeant, détermine l'avenir et la stratégie des entreprises. La nécessité d’innover, et de mobiliser le savoir est un défi pour l’existence des organisations. Les réseaux d'entreprises sous leurs différentes formes répondent à cette situation car, pour innover, il faut coopérer et maîtriser l’économie en réseau. Les managers, peu préparés à un Knowledge management qui mobiliserait les savoirs de leurs firmes, doivent être sensibilisés à une nouvelle forme de gestion qui ne relève pas des coûts directs. La connaissance collective d'une entreprise, son capital immatériel, ne s'évaluent effectivement à la fin d’un processus d’innovation. La construction d’une véritable intelligence collective se basant sur un partage de savoirs se heurte à une résistance de la part des collaborateurs. Ce refus trouve ses raisons dans un manque de confiance vis-à-vis des partenaires au sein et à l’extérieur des entreprises constituées en dans un réseau. Un changement de mode de communication, plus transparent et plus ouvert, est une possibilité d’utiliser exploiter le potentiel humain et le capital social et d’améliorer la performance socio-économique. La mise en place d’une plateforme de communication, pilotée et coordonnée par un Community manager, utilisant les nouveaux média, pourra servir d’outil de changement vers une collaboration. La seule mise en place d’une technologie, sans la concertation avec les utilisateurs et sans un projet commun basé sur la confiance mutuelle des acteurs, ne pourra cependant pas suffire et demande l’accompagnement d’un expert extérieur à l’organisation. / In a context of "hyper" competition, the capacity of adaptation to a constantly changing economic environment, determines the future of companies. The necessity of innovating and of mobilizing knowledge is a constant challenge for the continued existence of organizations. Various types of company networks are an answer to this situation because, in order to innovate, it is necessary to cooperate and to master the economy through networks. Managers, little prepared for a "Knowledge" management which would mobilize the firm's expertise, must be prepared towards a new shape of management which does not just take direct costs into consideration. The collective knowledge of a company, its immaterial capital, is in reality, only assessed in posteriori at the end of the innovation process. Furthermore, the construction of a real collective intelligence based on sharing expertise comes up against resistance on behalf of the collaborators. This resistance is mainly due to a lack of trust towards the partners inside and outside a network. A change in communication skills and becoming more transparent and more open, is a possible means of developing human potential and social capital, and of improving socio-economic performance. The implementation of a communication platform piloted and coordinated by a Community manager, based on new media, can serve as tool of change towards collaboration. A company introducing new technology without mutual trust evolving from dialogue and coordination with users will most certainly require the services of an outside expert to accompany the collaborative project.

The aim of this master's thesis is to select a suitable option to replace outdated hardware equipment of the company RR Donnelley Prague s.r.o.. In the theoretical part, terms 'virtualization', 'cloud' and their models are explained. Next, RR Donnelley Prague is described and the current situation in terms of hardware infrastructure and outsourced services is analysed. The practical part contains a recommendation of possible solutions of the situation described and, particularly, a selection of criteria assessed and a multi-criteria evaluation of proposed solutions. To estimate weights of the criteria, a scoring method and a paired comparison method is applied. The multi-criteria evaluation of options uses the weighted sum method and TOPSIS. In the end, results of the applied methods are compared and benefits of the thesis for the company and the author are quantified.

The aim of the thesis is to make segmentation of leisure activities market, to uncover important customer segments and describe the differences in their behavior and feature. Is used the knowledge of social sciences, particularly economics and sociology, with the help of which is described relationship of lifestyle and consumer behavior. The data come from research focused on consumer and media behavior and its relation to population lifestyle. Data were subjected to factor and cluster analysis.

The tetraruthenium cluster H4Ru4(CO)12 has been studied for its reactivity with the unsaturated diphosphine ligands (Z)-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2, 4,5-bis (diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione, bis(diphenyphosphino)benzene and 1,8- bis(diphenyl phosphino)naphthalene under thermal, near-UV photolysis, and Me3NO-assisted activation. All three cluster activation methods promote loss of CO and furnish the anticipated substitution products that possess a chelating diphosphine ligand. Clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4 have been characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and these data are discussed with respect to the crystallographically determined structures for all new cluster compounds. The 31P NMR spectral data and the solid-state structures confirm the presence of a chelating diphosphine ligand in all four new clusters. Sealed NMR tubes containing clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4 were found to be exceeding stable towards near-UV light and temperatures up to ca. 100°C. The surprisingly robust behavior of the new clusters is contrasted with the related cluster Ru3(CO)10(bpcd) that undergoes fragmentation to the donor-acceptor compound Ru2(CO)6(bpcd) and the phosphido-bridged compound Ru2(CO)6 (µ-PPh2)[µ-C=C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] under mild conditions. The electrochemical properties have been investigated in the case of clusters 1 and 2 by cyclic voltammetry, and the findings are discussed with respect to the reported electrochemical data on the parent cluster H4Ru4(CO)12.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver um sistema de avaliação de desempenho de clusters, capaz de analisar as vantagens potenciais que um cluster pode oferecer e concluir a respeito do aproveitamento dessas vantagens e dos aspectos que podem ser aprimorados. Para isso, o trabalho se propõe a: (i) identificar os constructos e variáveis que devem ser utilizados para representar as vantagens potenciais que um cluster industrial pode oferecer; (ii) desenvolver um sistema de avaliação do aproveitamento das vantagens potenciais de um cluster, baseado nos constructos e variáveis identificados; (iii) testar o sistema, avaliando o nível de desenvolvimento, no que tange ao aproveitamento de vantagens potenciais em que se encontra o cluster moveleiro do Oeste de Santa Catarina; e (iv) estabelecer um plano para aprimoramento das operações e consolidação do referido cluster. Esta tese está baseada numa abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando questionário aplicado em 112 empresas, grupo focado e entrevistas. Uma das principais contribuições desta tese é a proposição de um modelo capaz de avaliar o aproveitamento das vantagens potenciais de um cluster, auxiliando na tomada de decisão dos envolvidos (poder público, instituições de classe, empresas) e melhoria da competitividade das empresas do cluster em relação às empresas externas. Outra contribuição deste trabalho é a proposição de ações que possam aumentar o aproveitamento das vantagens oferecidas às empresas pertencentes ao cluster moveleiro do oeste de Santa Catarina e à sua competitividade. / The main objective of this work is to develop a performance evaluation system of clusters, able of analyzing the potential advantages that a cluster can offer to its member companies and conclude about the use of these advantages and about the aspects which could be improved. Considering this general objective, this work intends: (i) identify the constructs and variables that should be utilized for represent the potential advantages that an industrial cluster can offer; (ii) develop an evaluation system for access the use of the potential advantages of a cluster, based on the constructs and identified variables; (iii) test the system, evaluating the development level of the west of Santa Catarina furniture cluster, regarding the use of the potential advantages, (iv) establish a plan for the improvement of operations and consolidation of the mentioned cluster. This dissertation is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, comprising a survey involving 112 companies, focus group and interviews. One of the main contributions of this dissertation is the proposal of a model capable of evaluate the use of the potential advantages of a cluster, assisting on the decision making of the stakeholders (government, class association and companies) and competitiveness improvement of the cluster member companies compared to outside companies. Other contribution of this work is the proposal of a plan of actions that could increase the use of the advantages offered to the member companies of the west of Santa Catarina furniture cluster and their respective competitiveness.

JUNAEB, Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas, es un organismo gubernamental que tiene como misión ayudar a los niños y jóvenes con alta vulnerabilidad bio-psico-social a su inserción y mantención en el mundo escolar. Dentro del área alimenticia, decenas de empresas se encargan de suministrar las comidas a los colegios en todo el país, el cual está dividido en 136 Unidades Territoriales (UT). La composición de estas unidades hasta el momento había sido elaborada principalmente con criterios geográficos y, en menor medida, tomando en cuenta el número de raciones de cada territorio. No obstante, existen más factores que influyen para una mejor optimización de recursos. Por esta razón en este estudio se utilizan los siguientes criterios de balanceo: Número de Raciones, Número de Colegios, Superficie de la UT y Accesibilidad a los Colegios. La motivación del estudio parte porque todas las UT sean similarmente atractivas para las empresas, de tal forma que todos los colegios del país tengan la posibilidad de una alimentación de buena y similar calidad, agregando mejorías al actual proceso, tanto operativas como económicas. Políticas de JUNAEB, peticiones empresariales y algunos supuestos son tomados en cuenta para la elaboración de la nueva configuración. Finalmente se busca facilitar el cálculo de los costos de cada oferta por parte de las empresas, relacionándolos con los criterios usados. Así, a pesar de que el número de combinaciones que pueden ofertarse es alto, basta con calcular el costo de una UT para conocer, en forma aproximada, el costo del resto de los territorios de la misma región. Gracias al Proceso de Jerarquía Analítica (AHP) es posible determinar el peso o importancia que tiene cada criterio. Este índice, unido al peso que tiene cada UT por criterio, permite asignar un puntaje a cada territorio seleccionado. En primer lugar se usa un algoritmo heurístico de tipo greedy para intercambiar comunas entre UT, con el objetivo de minimizar la desviación estándar de los puntajes. En segunda instancia se desarrolla un algoritmo de elaboración de clusters sujeto a ciertas restricciones, a los cuales se les calcula un puntaje. Clusters y puntajes son usados como inputs dentro de un modelo de programación lineal entera que minimiza las diferencias entre los puntajes mayor y menor en cada región. Finalmente, se desarrolla el algoritmo heurístico tomando como situación inicial el resultado entregado por el modelo matemático. Cada región es analizada por estas metodologías, entregando alternativas de solución, comparando los resultados y citando los supuestos hechos en cada una de ellas. Como es de esperar, cuando el objetivo es disminuir la resta entre el mayor y menor puntaje en una región la metodología de programación matemática entrega mejores resultados, en especial en aquellas regiones con mayor cantidad de comunas y, por consiguiente, mayor cantidad de combinaciones para formar clusters. En contraparte, cuando el objetivo es disminuir la desviación estándar, los mejores resultados son obtenidos cuando el modelo y la heurística son parte de la misma metodología.

The Gray Fossil Site (GFS) is one of the richest Cenozoic terrestrial localities in the eastern United States. This study describes the first talpid specimens recovered from the GFS. Using measurements and comparisons of dental and humerus morphology, I identify 4 talpids (Parascalops nov. sp., Quyania cf. Q. europaea, Mioscalops (= Scalopoides) sp., and an unidentified stem desman) occurring at the GFS. Humeral morphology has been used to diagnose talpid species and study relationships. A geometric morphometric analysis showed that humerus shape is highly reflective of locomotor ecology in extant talpids and allows ecological inferences for fossil talpids. Hierarchical cluster analysis using morphometric data allowed examination of similarity among taxa and helped to secondarily verify taxonomic designations for the GFS taxa. The resulting phenogram showed strong similarity to the most up-to-date molecular cladogram and actually matched phylogenetic relationships substantially better than any morphological cladistic analyses to date.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21569号 / 理博第4476号 / 新制||理||1642(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 橋田 昌樹, 教授 阪部 周二, 教授 鶴 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22029号 / 理博第4533号 / 新制||理||1651(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 橋本 学, 教授 福田 洋一, 准教授 深畑 幸俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22374号 / 医博第4615号 / 新制||医||1043(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 小西 靖彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM