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This Thesis contains two parts. Part I details my work on KMOS, a new instrument for the VLT and Part II details my research on scaling relations for the massive galaxy cluster MS0451.6-0305. Part I: The K-Band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) is a new near infra-red (NIR) instru- ment to be installed at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). KMOS is capable of spatially resolved kinematics via 24 deployable integral field units (IFUs), each with a 2.8′′ field of view. I describe my contribution to the construction and optical characterisation of the spectrograph modules and instrument as a whole. Part II: GMOS-N spectroscopy has been used to obtain velocity dispersions (σ) and archival HST photometry has been used to determine the effective radii (Re) & average surface brightnesses within Re (⟨I⟩e) of 26 confirmed cluster members of MS0451.6-0305 at z = 0.55. The Kormendy Relation, Faber-Jackson Relation and Fundamental Plane have been produced for the cluster and have been compared to the results for a local reference sample in Coma. GMOS-N g′ and r′ band photometry has also been used to produce a Colour-Magnitude Relation for MS0451.6-0305. It is found that the KR and FJR disagree at the 2.1σ level with respect to luminosity evolution since z = 0.55. When correcting for size-evolution (SE), the magnitude offsets agree and are consistent with passive evolution of the galaxy stellar populations from a single burst of star formation 9.8+4.5-1.7 Gyrs ago or z = 1.7+∞-0.6. The median offset in the FP relation for the SE corrected data is also consistent with this formation epoch. Evidence is found for the evolution of the FP tilt in MS0451.6-0305, where it is shown to be steeper than that of the Coma FP, when expressed as a relation between galaxy mass and M/L.

One of the most common pairs of co-occurring psychological disorders in children and adolescents is anxiety and depression. This high frequency of co-occurrence has led to research examining the structure of anxiety and depression, specifically the shared and unique aspects of these syndromes. The tripartite model accounts for the overlap between the disorders by suggesting that they are related because they share the feature of negative affect or general psychological distress. The model further proposes that they can be differentiated by their unique features of physiological hyperarousal (anxiety) and low positive affect (depression). Factor analytic research has shown that anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms can be structurally distinguished and research on the tripartite model has suggested their conceptual distinction. However, research has not shown that anxiety and depression cluster as distinct symptoms in samples of youth. The current study used cluster analysis to examine the grouping of individuals based on their levels of anxiety and depression. It was hypothesized that four groups would emerge-- anxiety only, depression only, comorbid anxiety and depression, and low/no symptoms. Further analyses using the tripartite model variables provided support of the accurate classification of individuals and this model was shown to be a useful tool in differentiating anxious symptoms from depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses regarding developmental differences in the structure of anxiety and depression provided mixed support.

O modelo de cluster de partícula-alfa, o qual já foi bem-sucedido na descrição de dados espectroscópicos em núcleos leves próximos das duplas camadas fechadas no 16O e 40Ca, é aplicado ao núcleo 94Mo da região de massa dos meio-pesados. Para este propósito, vários estados deste núcleo são interpretados em termos de um sistema alfa + 90Zr onde um cluster-alfa interage com um caroço inerte de 90Zr através de um potencial fenomenológico local. São calculados os níveis de energia da banda do estado fundamental e as respectivas taxas de transição B(E2), havendo boa concordância com dados experimentais disponíveis. Os raios intercluster rms calculados para os níveis da banda do estado fundamental indicam que tal banda apresenta uma estrutura de cluster-alfa compacta. A comparação entre auto-funções de oscilador harmônico adaptadas ao sistema e as funções de onda radiais da banda do estado fundamental fornece a estimativa na qual há uma significativa contribuição do modelo de camadas na formação dos estados desta banda. O potencial de interação cluster-caroço faz prever a existência de uma banda de paridade negativa que se inicia a alguns MeV acima do limiar alfa + 90Zr, onde a aproximação de estado ligado é bastante apropriada. Da mesma forma, é previsto que uma banda de paridade positiva excitada se inicia logo abaixo da barreira coulombiana, mostrando uma característica típica de ressonância. / The alpha-particle cluster model, which has already been successful in describing the spectroscopic data in light nuclei near to the double shell closures at 16O and 40Ca, is applied to the 94Mo nucleus of the medium-heavy mass region. For this purpose, various states of this nucleus are interpreted in terms of an alpha + 90Zr system where an alpha-cluster interacts with an inert 90Zr core through a local phenomenological potential. The energy levels of the ground state band and the respective B(E2) transition rates are calculated, in good agreement with available experimental data. The intercluster rms radii calculated for the levels of the ground state band indicate that such band presents a compact alpha-cluster structure. The comparison between harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions adapted to the system and the radial wave functions of the ground state band provides the estimate in which there is a significant contribution of the shell model for the formation of the states of this band. The cluster-core potential predicts the existence of a negative parity band that starts at a few MeV above the alpha + 90Zr threshold, where the bound state approximation is very appropriate. In the same way, it is predicted that an excited positive parity band starts just below the Coulomb barrier, showing a typical feature of resonance.

by Wong Wing Hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]). / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The Coupled-cluster Method --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Background / Chapter 2.2 --- Basic Idea of the Method / Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Spin-one Heisenberg Antiferromagnet --- p.8 / Paper enclosed： Coupled-cluster / approximation for spin-one / Heisenberg antiferromagnet / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Easy-plane Spin-one Antif erromagnet --- p.10 / Paper enclosed： Coupled-cluster / approximation for the easy-plane / spin-one antif erromagnet / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.11 / References --- p.12 / Appendix --- p.13

Le développement des clusters d’innovation ouvre plusieurs perspectives de recherches en raison de son importance dans le monde académique ainsi que dans les pratiques managériales. L’objet de cette recherche vise à confronter le modèle de la Triple Hélice « Etat, Industrie, Académie » en vue d’identifier des formes de gouvernance favorisant l’innovation des clusters. Nous accordons une importance particulière au rôle joué par l’état et aux politiques qu’il mène quant au développement de ces structures. La méthodologie repose sur une approche qualitative par « études de cas ». Trois études de cas ont été conduites sur des clusters égyptiens de type Technologie de l’Information et de Communication : Smart Village du Caire, Parc Technologique de Maadi et Greek Campus. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de sources différentes (entretiens semi-directifs, observations non participantes, exploitation des données secondaires). Une étude complémentaire a été effectuée au Maroc sur deux clusters afin de renforcer la validité externe de la recherche. Enfin, l’étude du modèle de CAPACITÉS, société de valorisation de l’Université de Nantes en France offre une mise en perspective. Les résultats de la recherche confirment la diversité des formes de gouvernance des trois clusters égyptiens (publique, privée, partenariat public privé) a impacté les stratégies à l’œuvre de l’innovation et l’entrepreneuriat. Cette thèse propose le modèle O2 Innovation pour l’innovation des clusters. Le modèle met en lumière l’importance de la diffusion de la culture de l’entreprenariat et souligne le rôle primordial de l’académie dans un processus d’innovation ouverte. / The development of innovation clusters has opened several research perspectives due to its importance in the academic world and in the managerial practices. The purpose of this research is to mobilize the Triple Helix model "State, Industry, Academy" in order to identify forms of governance favouring innovation of clusters. We have attached particular importance on the role played by the state and the policies it conducts in the development of these structures. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach based on "case studies". Three case studies were conducted on clusters mainly in the field of the Information Technology and Communication in Egypt: Smart Village of Cairo, Maadi Technology Park and Greek Campus. Data were collected from different sources (semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and secondary data). A complementary study was carried out on The Electronics, Mechanics and Mechatronics Cluster in Morocco and on the Morocco Microelectronics Cluster in order to reinforce the external validity of the research. Last but not least, we explored the case of CAPACITES; a knowledge valorization company created by the University of Nantes in France. The results of the research confirm that the diversity of governance forms of the three Egyptian clusters (public, private, public-private partnership) impacted the strategies of innovation and entrepreneurship. This thesis proposes the model O2 Innovation for the innovation of the clusters. The model highlights the importance of spreading the culture of entrepreneurship while emphasizing on the primary role of the academy in an open innovation process.

Catherine Theresa Desmarais

Shared memory systems, such as SMP and ccNUMA topologies, simplify programming and administration. On the other hand, systems without hardware support for shared memory, such as clusters of commodity workstations, are commonly used due to cost and flexibility considerations. In this thesis, virtualisation is proposed as a technique that can bridge the gap between these architectures. The resulting system, vNUMA, is a hypervisor with a unique feature: it provides the illusion of shared memory across separate nodes on a fast network. This allows a cluster of workstations to be transformed into a single shared memory multiprocessor, supporting existing operating systems and applications. Such an approach could also have applications for emerging highly-parallel architectures, allowing a shared memory programming model to be retained while reducing hardware complexity. To build such a system, it is necessary to meld both a high-performance hypervisor and a high-performance distributed shared memory (DSM) system. This thesis addresses the challenges inherent in both of these tasks. First, designing an efficient hypervisor layer is considered; since vNUMA is implemented on the Itanium processor architecture, this is with particular reference to Itanium processor virtualisation. Then, novel DSM protocols are developed that allow SMP consistency models to be reproduced while providing better performance than a simple atomically-consistent DSM system. Finally, the system is evaluated, proving that it can provide good performance and compelling advantages for a variety of applications.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 4, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).

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