M.Ed. (Media Studies) / The lack of guidelines for the use of the telephone in distance tuition often leads to either the indiscriminate use or underutilisation of the medium. It can cause the lecturer to be inadequate at the structuring of individual telephonic conversations or telephonic presentations such as telelectures, teleconferences and multimedia telephone usage. The aim of this study, from the context of distance tuition and the usage potential of the telephone, is to provide guidelines for the use of the telephone by both the lecturer and the learner. An effort was made to elucidate the uniqueness of distance tuition and the specific possibilities of the telephone by means of a literature study, supplemented by personal practical experience and that of colleagues and experts in the field of distance tuition. In order to get a perspective on distance tuition, the different components involved in the integration of the telephone were considered. Subsequently the potential of the telephone as a medium was discussed. The aspects above culminated in the provision of guidelines. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the average distance lecturer is not fully conversant with the possibilities of the telephone, with the result that the telephone is underutilised locally. The possibilities of the telephone as part of a multimedia package are often underestimated and warrant further investigation.

Cette étude est une analyse dialectométrique des parlers berbères de Kabylie. Le présent travail inclut un échantillon de 168 parlers kabyles répartis sur tout le territoire kabylophone. Le corpus analysé compte 130 entrées (lexèmes et syntagmes) recueillies dans chacune des variétés prises en compte. Nous avons opté pour la méthode Levenshtein afin de calculer la distance entre les variantes. Nous avons choisi l’algorithme de Ward’s Method pour regrouper les variétés. Nous avons testé trois méthodes pour calculer la distance entre les sons : la méthode binaire, la distance d’Euclide et la distance de Manhattan. L’analyse des résultats nous a permis de montrer le continuum dialectal en Kabylie et de classifier les parlers kabyles en cinq zones infradialectales principales. / This study is a dialectometric analysis of Berber dialects of Kabylia. This work includes a sample of 168 Kabyle dialects spread across the Kabyle territory. The analyzed corpus includes 130 entries (lexemes and phrases) collected in each of the varieties considered. We opted for the Levenshtein method to calculate the distance between the variants. We chose the algorithm of Ward's Method for grouping varieties. We tested three methods to calculate the distance between the sounds: the binary method, the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. The analysis of the results allowed us to show the dialect continuum in Kabylia and classify Kabyle dialects into five mains areas.

Concept of pragmatic pedagogy is based on the education by experience, which is essential for an individual's development and for the directing of the individual's abilities. Art provides a form of specific experience based on which you can cultivate cognitive and emotional conditions of value judgments and thus contribute to the moral development of a child. The processes of experiencing, interpreting and evaluating the work of art are based on everyday experience and it relates to both the unique requirements of an individual and the conditions of a certain socio-cultural environment in which he lives.

This thesis is situated in the context of the emergence of the ‘digital university’ in higher education. It addresses research questions which focus on organizational change, particularly on how a strategic shift to increase the provision of online distance education in a traditional, research-intensive, campus-focused university, affects the existing temporal and spatial practices of the institution. The research undertaken focuses on a UK university, during a period of strategic digital expansion in its postgraduate taught degree programmes, where funding is allocated by the institution to support a number of new courses and programmes, developed and designed to be available to students on a fully online basis. I take a narrative ethnographic research approach, which draws on interviews with university staff and students, alongside higher education policy and think-tank documents, and institutional websites. Particular attention is paid to the temporal aspects of each narrative account, in order to surface temporality over what I consider to be the spatial preoccupations of the literature and practices of online ‘distance’ education. Sustaining a critique of ‘anytime, anywhere’ accounts of online education, with a reminder that education takes place over time and in particular times and spaces, I draw on Sharma’s (2013) work on ‘critical time’, and particularly her notion of temporal ‘recalibration’ (2014), to think about complex temporal relations in the digital university. I go on to explore the idea of the digital university as transtemporal, as an alternative conceptualisation which opens up possibilities for imagining the university beyond its traditional temporal and spatial boundaries. I argue that understanding the dominant times and spaces of the university campus as central, and those accessing the campus in asynchronous or asymmetric ways as peripheral, may not just lead to spatially biased practices of distancing, but to a lack of recognition of emergent inequalities which are digitally reconfigured and potentially invisible. I conclude with some reflections on theoretical and methodological approaches to time and the digital in higher education and propose areas for future research.

M.Ed. (Media Studies) / As man is a dynamic being living in a 'world where "information (including knowledge) is accumulating in many fields at rates far exceeding a worker's capacity to absorb it" (Hawkridge, 1983:5) his initial training will always be insufficient and should be supplemented by means of in-service and further training. It appears that, because of financial and other reasons, further training will increasingly take place by means of tele-tuition. In the past few years, the sound cassette has been used more and more in tele-tuition owing to features such as its convenience, availability, inexpensiveness and effectiveness . Among the problems identified is that very few lecturers are familiar with the special didactic demands of tele-tuition and especially the use of the sound cassette as educational medium in the tele-tuition situation. Structured directions on the use of sound cassettes, to assist the lecturer, could not be found in the literature. This situation can easily lead to a haphazard and ineffective use of the sound cassette. The objective of this study, therefore, is to provide the lecturer with guidelines regarding the planning, production and use of sound cassettes in tele-tuition. In order to accomplish this objective, it was necessary to study existing literature and to talk with people who are authorities in their separate fields. With the information gathered, a frame of reference regarding tele-tuition at tertiary level was structured as basis for further discussion. Thereafter the potential of the cassette and the criteria that should be taken into consideration when planning, producing and using the sound cassette, were discussed. This led to some suggestions regarding the lecturer's preparation, the production, indexing, dispatch and evaluation of sound cassettes, and briefing the student on the use thereof. This study does not see the sound cassette as a panacea, but as an under-exploited educational medium with great potential in the tele-tuition situation

L’homologie persistante est un outil fondamental dans la topologie computationnelle. Cette méthode est utilisée pour reconnaître et comparer les formes. Dans ce travail nous étudions d’abord l’homologie persistante dans le cas unidimensionnel d’ordre 0 qu’on appelle aussi fonction de taille. Nous présentons une démonstration du fait que toute fonction de taille peut être représentée comme un ensemble de points et de lignes dans le plan réel, avec des multiplicités. Cela permet une approche algébrique aux fonctions de taille et la construction de nouvelles pseudo distances entre les fonctions de taille pour comparer les formes. Nous calculons ensuite l’homologie persistante unidimensionnelle d’ordre n avec différentes méthodes de filtration de l’espace correspondant à l’histoire d’un complexe croissant. Nous classons un changement topologique qui se produit pendant la croissance soit comme une caractéristique ou un bruit, en fonction de sa durée de vie ou de sa persistance dans la filtration. Une présentation avec des codes barres affiche alors la persistance de ces invariants. L’homologie persistante multidimensionnelle nous permet de soutirer plus d’informations sur les formes en utilisant la fonction de filtration avec des valeurs dans [nombre réel]k. Pour fournir un descripteur de forme concis et complet dans le cas multidimensionnel nous réduisons le calcul de l’homologie persistante multidimensionnelle au calcul de l’homologie persistante ordinaire pour une famille paramétrée de fonctions à valeur dans [nombre réel].

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MIS (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Information Science / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: In die lig van 'n nuwe Suid-Afrika met 'n groot diversiteit ten opsigte van kulture, etnisiteit, tale en sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede is die paradigmaskuif, wat tans besig is om plaas te vind in die onderwyssisteem, nie so maklik uitvoerbaar nie. Onderwysbestuurders wat opgevoed en opgelei is in 'n outokratiese onderwyssisteem en gewoond was om skole as geslote entiteit te bestuur, beleef ‘n onvermoë en gebrek aan bestuursvaardighede om die nuwe verandering na 'n demokratiese homogene multikulturele onderwysstelsel te bestuur. Onderwysbestuurders is nie gewoond om skole as selfbesturende oop entiteite te bestuur nie. Daar heers gevolglik ‘n dringende. behoefte by onderwysbestuurders tot verdere studie om sodoende op praktiese wyse hul bestuursvaardighede te ontwikkel om hierdie paradigmaskuif te bestuur. As gevolg van dringende werksverpligtinge en ekonomiese implikasie, kan onderwysbestuurders egter nie hulle instellings vir 'n jaar of twee verlaat vir verdere studies, terwyl die paradigmaskuif momentum kry nie. Onderwysbestuurders is gevolglik geforseer om verdere studie deur middel van afstandsonderrig te doen. 'n Ondersoek word geloods om vas te stel wat die beste afstandsonderrigmetode sal wees om praktiese bestuursvaardighede te ontwikkel. Hierna word ook riglyne verskaf hoe om so 'n kursus te bestuur en te administreer. Die aanname word dan ook gemaak dat die tersiêre instansie wat eerste met hierdie afstandsonderrigmetode voortgaan, toonaangewend sal word en groei in inskrywingsgetalle vir onderwysbestuurders. Hierdie afstandsonderrigmetode is interaktiewe televisie-onderrig wat die antwoord blyk te wees vir die probleem van effektiewe kwaliteit opvoedende onderrig aan onderwys¬bestuurders. Vraelyste is uitgestuur aan respondente wat reeds onderrig deur middel van interaktiewe televisie ontvang om vas te stel in watter mate respondente tevrede is met afstandsonderrig deur middel van interaktiewe televisie-onderrig en of hulle in die toekoms weer van hierdie onderrigmedium gebruik sal maak. Nadat die konsep van interaktiewe televisie-onderrig belig word, poog die navorser om 'n bestuursplan daar te stel om sodanige onderwysbestuurskursus deur middel van interaktiewe televisie op mikrovlak te bestuur. Die navorser sien 'n interaktiewe televisie-uitsending as 'n produksie en program dus om 'n produksiebestuursplan op mikrovlak van sodanige uitsending wat preproduksie, produksie en na-produksie insluit, te ontwikkel. Sodanige produksiebestuursplan sal dan aan die produksiebestuurder (departementshoof of projekbestuurder) aandui hoe om 'n praktiese wyse bestuursfunksie suksesvol in spesifieke bestuursareas uit te oefen ten einde kwaliteit onderrig deur middel van interaktiewe televisie-onderrig te verseker. ENGLISH: In view of the fact of a new South Africa with a great diversity with regard to cultures, ethnicity and socio-economic conditions, it is not easy to implement the paradigm shift which is currently taking place in the educational system. Educational managers who have been educated and trained in an autocratic educational system and who were used to managing schools as closed entities experience an inability and a lack of management skills in order to manage the change to a democratic homogenous multi-cultural society. Educational managers are not used to managing schools as open entities, consequently a serious need exists for further study for educational managers in order to develop their management skills in a practical manner to enable them to manage this paradigm shift. However, as a result of pressing work commitments and economic implications, it is not possible for educational managers to leave their institutions for a year or two to pursue further studies while the paradigm shift gains momentum. Educational managers are therefore forced to pursue further studies by means of distance learning. A project has been launched in order to determine what would be the best distance learning method to develop practical management skills. This is followed by guidelines on how to manage and administer such a course. The assumption is made that the tertiary institution which leads the way in administering this distance learning method will. become pre-eminent and that the enrolment figures for educational managers will increase. This distance learning method is interactive television education which seems to be the answer to the problem of effective quality educational instruction for educational managers. Questionnaires were sent to respondents who are currently receiving training by means of interactive television to determine to which extent the respondents are satisfied with distance learning by means of interactive television and whether they would make use of this educational medium in future. After highlighting the concept of interactive television, the researcher attempts to provide a management plan to manage such an educational management course by means of interactive television on micro level. The researcher sees interactive television broadcasts as a production and a programme, and therefore plans to develop a production plan on micro level of such a broadcast which includes pre¬production, production and post-production. Such a production plan will indicate to the production manager (head of department or project manager) how to implement in a practical manner, management functions in specific management areas in order to ensure quality education by means of interactive television education. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Management))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This study set out to investigate a unique case of innovation adaptation and institutionalization in a depressed socio-economic environment. The main aim of the study was to understand and explain interventions and innovative strategies that underpin the survival and growth of the Open and Distance Learning Mode (ODLM) in Zimbabwe. Towards this end, the data to address the research questions was derived from the case study methodology which incorporated, among others, documentary analysis and interviews with persons involved in the initiation and management of the ODLM. The results of the study indicate that three broad categories of strategies, namely protectionism, innovative leadership and educational entrepreneurialism or commodification constitute the foundation of ODLM durability in Masvingo Province. Protectionism in the context of ODLM survival and growth are projected and articulated in the policy instruments such as mandates and legal frameworks which shielded the innovation from the usual hazards of the innovation process. Protectionism enabled the ODLM to gain traction in an elitist and conservative higher education landscape. Correspondingly, innovative leadership is manifested in a highly motivated team of management staff committed to the propagation of the ODLM to every part of Masvingo Province. The leadership at the Masvingo Regional Campus (MRC) utilizes the multiple stakeholder approach as strategy for establishing convergences and equilibrium in respect of the interests and concerns of the four main stakeholders, namely the government or the ruling party which initiated the implementation of the ODLM; the employers of ODL graduates who affirm the relevancy of ODL qualifications, the students who sustain ODLM by generating revenue for the ZOU, and finally, the MRC staff who are the implementers of the ODLM programmes. Likewise, educational entrepreneurialism constitute another key strategy in ODLM survival and growth. This strategy is articulated in the principle of continual adaptation and creation of market – driven programmes. The above results have several implications to various role players and actors involved in the educational reform and innovation. Firstly, the results of the study reveal the imperative for power elites or policy formulators to ensure that they initiate and adopt educational innovations that match the capacities of their implementers and the socio-economic realities of their respective countries or societies. In this regard, the ODLM appears to have been a prudent choice in light of the challenges that were being encountered in post-independence Zimbabwe. Secondly, from a management perspective, the selection of the innovation team to spearhead or steer the implementation was prioritized. Only competent and committed personnel positively disposed towards an innovation should spearhead the implementation. In addition adequate training and staff development should be instituted to keep the implementers abreast of new trends and standards in educational provision. Lastly, the results of this study constitute a clarion call to curriculum developers in African university departments to design and develop programmes which resonate with the needs of key stakeholders who constitute the support base for viable educational institutions.

My thesis is focused on problems of the e-learning in the world (especially with the situation in USA and Europe) and with the situation in Czech republic. The thesis is devided into several parts. The first part is the theoretical introduction. On this place I focus on positive and negative aspects of e-learning, the content and the advantages and disadvangetes of e-learning in constrast with the classic teaching. Technological aspect is very important too, because there is a progress in this area both the technological and organizational view. By studying the theoretical information a reader can get a solid base on the e-learning problems. In the second part of the text, I describe the present situation in this area. Especially the situation in Europe and in North America (Canada and USA). The third part of the text is devoted to the situation on the education systém in Czech republic. I am interested in the situation on primary, secondary and tertiary education. The importance is concentrated also on the legal regulations. In the last two paragraphs, I am interested in the analysis of the Faculty of informatics and statistics, the University of Economics, Prague faculty. I am trying to answer the question if it is possible to establish e-learning on this faculty.