To those familiar with schools, it is quite obvious that there is a definite problem of dropouts, and that this is particularly acute with those whose ability and interest do not fit them for the average school curriculum. Slow learners that constitute a large part of the dropout group are forced at least up to the point of compulsory attendance age to come to school. Realizing that our whole economic system is geared to competition, schools sometime assume they are justified in adopting the squeeze-out system also. But this very squeeze-out system, under the present form, is one of the basic reasons for dropout. / Typescript. / "August, 1952." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: W. Edwards, Professor Directing Paper.

"The purpose of this study is to devise a Predictive-Interview Form for use in the selection of waiters and waitresses for summer resort hotels. This interview form will be specifically adapted to summer resort hotels employing college students as service personnel in their dining rooms. Many of the items on this form are equally applicable to persons seeking employment in commercial hotels and restaurants. Such common items could be used as a core for the development of a Predictive-Interview slanted toward food operations other than the resort hotel"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "January, 1959." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: D. E. Lundberg, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-49).

The first aim of this study is to describe a process of change in the labour market structure of one specific industry and to describe the dynamics of adjustments resulting from the shortages of White artisan labour. Attention is to be given to the strains in the labour market and the resultant process of adjustment through government intervention or industrial council negotiations, as well as the ramifications for the market participants and the pattern of earnings. It was decided to study only one industry since available data on Black occupational advancement was insufficiently detailed on a macro-basis to test any but the most superficial hypotheses. One more specific objective following from this aim is to test the relevance of the neo-classical labour market theories as described by authors like Rothschild. Such a focus on the micro-perspective of one industry is important to obtain a clearer and more accurate representation of the facts, causes and consequences of the shifting colour bar in South Africa. There still seems to be much scope for such studies, which theorise and try to explain present labour market developments. Hopefully, such investigations might lead to the amelioration of some of these strains. The second major aim of this study is to assess critically the costs and benefits that have accrued to the various interested parties - the Master Builders Associations, the registered trade unions and Black workers (Coloured, Asian and African) following the lifting of certain statutory barriers to Black occupational advancement in one industry. In addition we want to assess the terms under which Black workers have been admitted to the skilled trades. In this regard it may be mentioned that the official policy objective of narrowing the wage gap is apparently to be achieved by the more productive utilisation of Black labour. In July 1973 the Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister stated that ''the government has accepted in principle, that it is desirable to narrow the disparity between the levels of living of the various population groups". This is to be achieved by Black incomes "rising at a somewhat faster rate than those of Whites to the extent that this can be justified on the basis of their changing position in the labour pattern".

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41). / Encouraging young people to get involved in self-employment is a solution that is continuously echoed by policy makers as a way of addressing the perennial problem of youth unemployment. This paper investigates how entrepreneurship can be promoted amongst the youth in South Africa and whether this will alleviate the high unemployment rates. Three questions are put forward: Firstly, what are the main constraints faced by youth when they set up a business? Secondly, what are the main determinants of being self-employed and thirdly, which groups within the youth population need to be targeted by policy makers? The findings are that the major impediment for youths entering self -employment is the lack of financial capital, while having a role model is highly significant in determining whether one becomes self-employed. African and Coloured youth are particularly disadvantaged when it comes to participation in self-employment and should therefore be a primary target for policy makers. The paper also makes a comparison of youth participation in self-employment between 2000 and 2004 and reveals that there is only a slight increase in the numbers of youth getting involved in self-employment. A holistic approach to entrepreneurship development complimented by financial assistance, mentoring and the provision of basic entrepreneurship skills training will assist the youth in moving from unemployment to self-employment.

The purpose of this study was to explore the demographic variables, typical vocational services, and competitive employment rates of older workers, ages 40 - 69 years of age, with disabilities using the RSA-911 database. The results describe the types of services received and the competitive employment outcomes for state and federal vocational rehabilitation consumers receiving services in 2009. Furthermore the sample of older workers (N = 1,152) was equally stratified into three age groups. Older workers, aged 60 to 69, had higher levels of education, received more types of vocational services, and were competitively employed at a much higher rate than those in the other age groups. The methods, discussion, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are presented.

The H-1B visa program was initiated in 1990 to temporarily hire highly-skilled foreign workers. The H-1B visa program has changed several times since its initiation. One of the most important changes occurred in 2001 when the 21st Century Act exempted individuals employed by institutions of higher education and nonprofit and government research organizations from the H-1B visa cap increasing the number of visas available for foreign high-skilled immigrants. To analyze the impact of policy changes affecting the H-1B program on highly-skilled workers, we study the behavior of foreign-born Ph.D. students who graduated from institutions in the United States over the 1990-2013 period. We estimate logit models to quantify the impacts on their stay rates and placement patterns. Our model shows that the exemption policy increased the probability of staying among STEM graduates, Chinese and Indian graduates, and among graduates from universities ranked as high research by Carnegie. These findings suggest that the labor market for non-STEM graduates was near its competitive equilibrium before the exemption policy came into effect. The exemption policy, which could potentially increase the quantity supplied of jobs, did not change the equilibrium quantity in this market, suggesting that the cap of H1-B visas was not binding among this type of graduates. Intuitively the exemption policy can increase or decrease the proportion of Ph.D. graduates in exempted positions. The proportion of graduates in exempted jobs increases as the number of visas for those types of jobs is excluded from the cap (direct effect). Conversely, if the number of candidates willing to take exempted jobs, or if the number of positions opened by exempted institutions are unchanged after the policy change, the increase in the availability of visas for non-exempted positions can increase the proportion of graduates in those types of jobs (indirect effect). The overall effect depends on the magnitude of the direct and indirect effect. Our findings also show that the exemption policy pushed doctoral degree recipients into higher education or affiliated research employment positions. Ph.D. recipients in STEM fields, and graduating from low-rank universities were more likely to go into exempt employment post-policy than before.

This dissertation research focused on the determination of appropriate outcome measures for community-based psychosocial rehabilitation programs for the mentally ill from the perspective of knowledgeable citizens. Specifically, this research identified a conflict between the Mississippi Department of Mental Health, as the certifying agency, and the Mississippi Division of Medicaid, as the funding agency, with regard to the transitional employment component of the psychosocial rehabilitation program. In order to ascertain whether transitional employment should be retained in the psychosocial rehabilitation program, survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews were completed with one hundred and sixty-eight consumers and twenty-three staff in six psychosocial rehabilitation Clubhouse programs in north central Mississippi. The survey questionnaires and interviews focused primarily on the effects of demographics, diagnosis, and barriers to employment on the willingness of consumers with mental illness to participate in transitional employment. Eleven independent variables were identified including age, living arrangements, years of attendance in the psychosocial rehabilitation program, diagnosis, stigma/attitudes, external influence, symptoms of mental illness, training/experience/education deficits, social/cognitive/behavior deficits, financial barriers, and total barriers to employment. Mixed methodology found convergence between quantitative and qualitative findings with regard to seven independent variables and differences with regard to four. Mixed methods found age, living arrangements, and years of attendance in the psychosocial rehabilitation program were not predictive of willingness to participate in transitional employment. Mixed methods found that stigma/attitudes, external influence, symptoms of mental illness, and total barriers to employment were predictive of willingness to participate in transitional employment. Symptoms of mental illness were found to have the greatest impact. Mixed methods also differed in the findings with regard to four variables. While no statistical significance was found to support diagnosis, training/experience/education deficits, social/cognitive/behavior deficits, or financial barriers as predictors of willingness to participate in transitional employment, substantively these variables are important. Based on the findings, the study recommends adjustments and considerations by the Mississippi Department of Mental Health, the Mississippi Division of Medicaid, and the psychosocial rehabilitation programs that will reconcile the differences and lead to the development and implementation of appropriate outcome measures.

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