Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kansas, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The use of Standards to reduce the complexity of Health Facilities Design has become an indispensable and integral part of the planning process. Unfortunately the structure of present Standards is inflexible, and while this structure may have been acceptable in the past, the standards it produces have become ineffective. Such Standards have been unable to adapt to the changing attitudes and needs of the planning participants who respond to the societal changes around them. It is our objective to develop a method which can build better Standards. In the first chapter we examine the structural problems of Standards and find that there is a fundamental difference between the positive purpose of Standards as used by hospitals and planners and the restrictive purposes of Standards used by government. We have used the terms Guidelines and Standards to denote these different contexts. Having established that a good Standard is one which is similar to a Guideline, we then explore an alternative structure developed at Berkeley, California, called a "Pattern" which we observe will satisfy the requirements for "good" Standards. Since Pattern formats are admirably suited to developing societally-responsive Guidelines and Standards we evolve a method to assemble these new Standards. This method is based upon the Delphi Technique. It uses the technique's inherent advantages to establish communication between two groups of experts (Planners and Medical) who then interact to explore problems and solutions in planning Newborn Nurseries and Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The methodology which is described in Chapter 2 uses the classical components of a Policy Delphi with three rounds of questionnaires sent to Medical Experts (Physicians and Nurses) in various parts of British Columbia and Alberta. It adds such variations as the including of input from the Planner Experts as one method for the feed back of information. This special Delphi design anticipates effects from independent variables and builds in compensatory steps. One of the steps included is a Mini-Survey of a larger group of potential participants, to evaluate the Patterns resulting from the Delphi Study. This larger group was sixteen hospitals in British Columbia and ten hospitals in Alberta. Chapter 3 describes the details in carrying out the three questioning rounds of this modified Delphi method, and its success in assisting the production of a series of Nursery Patterns which are usable as Guidelines. In the methodology is the inherent capability for retaining flexibility, and there are a series of process adjustments that occur. Evaluation of the method in Chapter 4 shows that despite weaknesses, both anticipated and unanticipated, the results provide an important starting point that helps create better, more usable Standards. Possible future developments are briefly mentioned in the hope that evaluation and change will occur as the planning environment changes about us. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No / The influence of loose plant leaves on the acoustic absorption of a porous substrate is experimentally and numerically studied. Such systems are typical in vegetative walls, where the substrate has strong acoustical absorbing properties. Both experiments in an impedance tube and theoretical predictions show that when a leaf is placed in front of such a porous substrate, its absorption characteristics markedly change (for normal incident sound). Typically, there is an unaffected change in the low frequency absorption coefficient (below 250 Hz), an increase in the middle frequency absorption coefficient (500-2000 Hz) and a decrease in the absorption at higher frequencies. The influence of leaves becomes most pronounced when the substrate has a low mass density. A combination of the Biot's elastic frame porous model, viscous damping in the leaf boundary layers and plate vibration theory is implemented via a finite-difference time-domain model, which is able to predict accurately the absorption spectrum of a leaf above a porous substrate system. The change in the absorption spectrum caused by the leaf vibration can be modeled reasonably well assuming the leaf and porous substrate properties are uniform.

Chow Wai Ling Karen. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report." / program / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / EXISTING STATE --- p.1 / SOCIAL BACKGROUND --- p.1 / CULTURAL BACKGROUND --- p.2 / USER PROFILE --- p.2 / CLIENT --- p.3 / MISSION --- p.3 / OBJECTIVE --- p.3 / FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM --- p.4 / ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM --- p.4 / PROGRAM REQUIREMENT --- p.5 / SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION --- p.6 / BUBBLE DIAGRAM --- p.7 / SITE ANALYSIS --- p.8-10 / MENTAL HEALTH AND ARCHITECTURE --- p.11-12 / process / DESIGN PROCESS --- p.1 / IMAGES --- p.2 / ZONING --- p.3 / PSYCHOLOGICAL --- p.4 / RESPONSES TO SPACES / SKETCHES --- p.5-6 / NATURAL FEATURES --- p.7-10 / 1st review --- p.11 / 2nd review --- p.13 / 3rd review --- p.14 / 4th review --- p.16 / final review / concepts --- p.1 / diagrams --- p.2 / site plan --- p.3-4 / ground floor plans --- p.5-7 / 1st floor plan --- p.8-9 / details --- p.10 / index --- p.11 / site sketches --- p.12 / perspectives --- p.13-14 / photographs --- p.15 / lighting study of activity hall / photographs --- p.16 / spatial quality of rooms / sectional perspectives --- p.19 / model photographs --- p.21-22 / development calculation --- p.23-25