archives@tulane.edu / Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and oil spill remediation (OSR) in porous media both share a common theme in that they can both be modeled as a system comprising of two immiscible liquid phases and a solid porous phase. EOR seeks to improve the recovery of crude oil from existing oil reserves, while OSR improves ecological sustainability. In this thesis two novel techniques with the potential of improving the recovery of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) that is trapped in a water filled random porous media. In the first project, an oil-soluble surfactant was studied to enhance crude oil mobilization in a cryolite-packed miniature bed. The cryolite packed bed provided a transparent, random porous medium for observation at the microscopic level. In the first part of the project, oil-soluble surfactants; Span 80 and Eni-surfactant (ES) were dissolved directly into the crude oil. The porous medium was imbued with the crude oil (containing the surfactants), and deionized water was the flooding phase, in this experiment, the system containing ES had the best performance. Subsequently, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), a hydrosoluble surfactant was used to solubilize the ES, with the SDS acting as a carrier for the ES to the contaminated porous media. Finally, the SDS/Eni-Surfactant micellar solutions were used in oil-removal tests on the packed bed. Grayscale image analysis was used to quantify the oil recovery effectiveness for the flooding experiments by measuring the white pixel percentage in the packed bed images. The SDS/ES flooding mixture had a better performance than the SDS alone. Furthermore, a model liquid hydrocarbon (n-hexadecane) was used to gain insight on the mobilization of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) trapped in porous formations, important for both EOR and oil spill remediation in porous media. Food-grade surfactants lecithin from soy and tween 80 were compared to commercial dispersant Corexit 9500A, for their ability to mobilize the hydrocarbon originally trapped in a water-filled cryolite porous medium. Red dye was added to the n-Hexadecane to improve visualization, and the aqueous phase incorporated different ratios of the surfactants Lecithin and Tween 80 to seek synergistic benefits when the two surfactants are combined. Visual-microscopic flooding experiments carried on a miniature packed bed produced images which were then analyzed using grayscale image analysis. It was determined that a ratio 40:60 by weight of Lecithin to Tween 80 has the best performance in the mobilization of n-hexadecane from the porous media. Furthermore, any (non-optimal) mixture of lecithin and tween 80 exhibited a better (synergistic) performance in n-Hexadecane recovery from the porous media than when applying either surfactant separately. Finally, applying the video-microcapillary technique utilized in the first two projects, but with a slight modification, the effect of temperature change on a highly viscous oil phase flowing through a water-filled porous media was studied. The glass microcapillary was coated externally with a thin film of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) to render it electrically conductive. When an electric current is applied to the outside of the coated capillary, the temperature of the capillary can be elevated. The tapered region of the capillary is filled with cryolite to form a random porous media and flow experiments were conducted in this region. Applying this technique, we studied the flow pattern of a highly viscous oil displacing an aqueous phase in a porous media at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100oC. Also, we observed capillary fingering, continuous, and Haines jump flow patterns, with capillary fingering and Haines jump more prominent at 10-3 capillary number, while flow at 10-2 exhibited continuous flow pattern. Chapters 2 and 3 of this dissertation include content in peer-reviewed journal articles published by the author.1,2 / 1 / Chike George Ezeh

This essay will try to analyze how Syria’s official news agency, SANA, describes events taking place in Syria in the days between 1.4 and 18.4.2012. This will be contrasted with how BBC and CNN describe the events. These other two news agencies were chosen, because they represent media from democratic countries in Europe and the USA. This rebellion became a full scale civil war over time. The sources being used are news articles on the internet. After a short background, this essay will answer the following questions: How does SANA define the events? How do the foreign media BBC and CNN define the events? In what way does SANA try to drag Israel into this conflict? How do the media describe the number of dead and wounded people and what do they report on the refugees?  How is Kofi Annan’s peace plan described? How do these events affect Syria’s economy? What further events are mentioned? After trying to answer these questions, an analysis and a discussion will take place concerning their credibility. This will be summed up at this essay’s end.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Error in paging: p. [105] is misnumbered 1. Advisers: Cynthia J. Hutchinson, E. Lea Witta. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-102).

Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2001. / Thesis advisor: Bradley Waite. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-72). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Westf.), 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-294).

Thesis (M.A.R.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).

Understanding the process of transformational change currently taking place in the media industry is an urgent challenge for people working in the industry as well as for media consumers and other stakeholders. There is a great need to deepen our general knowledge when it comes to what the future media landscape will look like. Which of the major consumption trends that exist today will continue and possibly lead to disruptive change? Which of today’s existing trends could give us a hint of tomorrow’s media landscape? Furthermore, we need to explore the environmental impact of the future media landscape. What parameters are important when it comes to environmental aspects of media consumption, as well as in the production and distribution of media content? These are examples of the questions explored in this thesis. I have used a number of methods, such as qualitative interviews, workshops, scenarios, case studies, process studies and life cycle assessment, in order to explore the research questions. The characteristics of the media consumption trends are presented in four scenarios. I have assumed that the strength of influence from the government in combination with the strength of commercial powers will strongly affect the future of media. The development of media is framed by the economy, the political system, and by culture. The future of media is closely connected with its relationship to the power structures in society. I have also defined eleven parameters, as central when discussing the environmental aspects of media consumption. These parameters are related to electronic devices, travel, transportation, energy use and waste. In the future, we may see the realisation of some of all four scenarios described in this thesis. The environmental aspects of these different future directions depend on each person’s life situation and a number of choices that each consumer makes concerning environmental issues, in combination with the overall societal structure. In relation to the global challenge of climate change/global warming, I conclude that traditional media, public service media in particular, together with social media channels play an important role in the process of increasing knowledge and awareness among consumers, politicians and other stakeholders in society. However, in current media development, media companies are rapidly becoming more commercialized and more focused on entertainment instead of on producing serious journalism concerned with social, political and cultural matters. To conclude, I believe that it is possible to create a sustainable media system, but it will require some conscious effort of people working in the media industry, of consumers, and ultimately at the level of regulatory authorities. / <p>QC 20150416</p>

Interactive documentaries are achieving fame and many people are engaging in the technology. However minimal research means the benefits of interactive documentaries remain unexplored. This project investigates the actual benefit of interactive documentaries. It also relates to exploring the benefits of this genre and studying how interactive media can engage youths.           The hypothesis studies how films implement interactive functions and whether this implementation is a positive or proactive influence on the user’s engagement. Additionally, it will be argued that the interactive narrative gave a more positive effect on the young audience than was recorded for the TV documentary.  In particular, and since it is the targeted audience of the research project, the study will discuss how youths paid more attention to the narrative, were motivated to explore the artifact or object in question, and facilitated mood change allowing greater expression and understanding of the subject. It is argued that interactive functions can provide these effects because they allow a user to go inside the content (Manovich 2000, 206). In other words, the user’s participation becomes active rather than passive within interactive media content. To address the research question, a research plan was put in place and is as follows: A short web documentary was created, with Interactive functions, and evaluated with the target audience. An identical film was produced without interactive functions. Both versions were presented to the target audience, and interviews were conducted to monitor and evaluate audience participation.  The results were summarized with comparison and analysis for study presentation. The production of a film was required to describe interactive functions. Another film formed content for a chosen short documentary about the cultural history of an archeological item. This documentary is available in Västra Götaland Museum at Skara and focuses on when, where and how the archaeological item was found and what it symbolized in terms of cultural significance. The documentary film had a chronological narration, including archive photographs, videos materials, and also featured an interview. One particularly interesting story was chosen from a number of Museum pieces. It should be noted that the Västra Götaland Museum had a website which was popular viewing for a significant numbers of teenagers.

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