Mok Chi Ho, Samuel. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references.

by Suen Yick-keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 163-170. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Objective of the study --- p.vii / Contents --- p.viii / Chapter Section 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1. --- Roles of macrophges in immune system --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- Special features of macrophages --- p.6 / Chapter 3. --- Transmembrane signalling in mammalian cells --- p.9 / Chapter 4. --- Transmembrane signalling in macrophages --- p.32 / Chapter 5. --- Choice of the macrophages for the study --- p.40 / Chapter Section 2 --- Materials and Methods / Materials / Chapter 1. --- Animals --- p.44 / Chapter 2. --- Chemicals --- p.44 / Chapter 3. --- Reagents --- p.45 / Methods / Chapter 1. --- pell culture --- p.47 / Chapter 2. --- 3H-thymidine incorporation --- p.48 / Chapter 3. --- Cytosolic free calcium determination --- p.48 / Chapter 4. --- Intracellular pH mesurement --- p.50 / Chapter 5. --- Determination of membrane potential --- p.50 / Chapter 6. --- Determination of phagocytic activity --- p.51 / Chapter 7. --- Cell adhesion assay --- p.52 / Chapter 8. --- Statistical analysis --- p.52 / Chapter Section 3 --- Results / Chapter 1. --- Effect of membrane potential on cell proliferation in PU5-1.8 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages / Evidence for induction of cell proliferation mediated by membrane depolarization in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.53 / Evidence of an array of agonists on cell proliferation and membrane potential in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.57 / Interrelationship between membrane potential and FCS-mediated proliferation in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.61 / Cytosolic alkalinization induces membrane depolarization in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.64 / Suppression of membrane depolarization and cell proliferation by protein kinase C activation --- p.66 / Effect of membrane potentials on cell proliferation in bone marrow-derived macrophages --- p.68 / Chapter 2. --- Intracellular signals for the regulation of phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells / Phagocytosis of unopsonized yeast in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.71 / Effect of membrane potential on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.73 / Changes in phagocytic activities in PU5-1.8 cells by activation of protein kinase C --- p.82 / Effects of protein kinase C on membrane potential- induced enhancement of phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.84 / Phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells requires assembly of microtubule --- p.90 / Effects of intracellular calcium and cAMP on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.93 / Acidic intracellular pH enhances phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.98 / Chapter 3. --- Effects of various agonists on phagocytosis of yeast in PU5-1.8 cells / Effect of chemotactic peptide N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.100 / Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.105 / Effects of concanavalin A (Con A) on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.109 / Effect of complement components on phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.113 / Chapter 4. --- Signal pathways for the regulation of cell adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells / Adhesion of PU5-1.8 cells on plastic surface --- p.119 / Effects of membrane potential on cell adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.121 / Effects of activation of protein kinase C on cell adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.125 / Effects of intracellular calcium and cAMP on adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.129 / In vivo cell adhesion of PU5-1.8 cells in Balb/c mice --- p.133 / Chapter 5. --- Effects of various agonists on the cell adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells / Dose dependent of various agonists against the cell adhesion ability of PU5-1.8 cells --- p.141 / Chapter 6. --- Cell adhesion to plastic surface in bone marrow-derived macrophages / Membrane potentials control the adhesiveness of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM0) to plastic surface --- p.143 / Effects of phorbol ester PMA on cell adhesion to plastic surface in bone marrow-derived macrophages --- p.143 / "Effects of cAMP, [Ca2+ ]i and microtubule assembly on cell adhesion to plastic surfacein bone marrow-derived macrophages" --- p.146 / Chapter Section 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 1. --- Effects of membrane potential on cell proliferation in PU5-1.8 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages --- p.148 / Chapter 2. --- Intracellular signals for the regulation of phagocytosis in PU5-1.8 cells --- p.151 / Chapter 3. --- Signal pathways for the regulation of cell adhesion on plastic surface in PU5-1.8 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages --- p.158 / Chapter 4. --- General discussion --- p.161 / Chapter Section 5. --- Bibliography / References --- p.163

by Hiu Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / SUMMARY --- p.1 / INTRODUCTION --- p.4 / LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / Chapter I. --- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) --- p.8 / Chapter A. --- Epidemiology of NPC --- p.8 / Chapter B. --- Anatomy of NPC --- p.11 / Chapter C. --- Pathology of NPC --- p.12 / Chapter D. --- Histological classification of NPC --- p.14 / Chapter E. --- Stage classification of NPC --- p.15 / Chapter F. --- Clinical feature of NPC --- p.18 / Chapter G. --- Diagnosis of NPC --- p.19 / Chapter (a) --- Clinical examination / Chapter (b) --- Radiographic examination / Chapter (c) --- Laboratory examination / Chapter (d) --- Biopsy examination / Chapter H. --- Treatment of NPC --- p.21 / Chapter (a) --- Surgery / Chapter (b) --- Chemotherapy / Chapter (c) --- Radiotherapy / Chapter I. --- Prognosis of NPC --- p.23 / Chapter J. --- Etiology of NPC --- p.24 / Chapter (a) --- Dietary factor / Chapter (b) --- Genetic factor / Chapter (c) --- Environmental factor / Chapter (d) --- EBV infection / Chapter (e) --- Others / Chapter II. --- Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) --- p.30 / Chapter A. --- Structure and function of B2M --- p.30 / Chapter B. --- Clinical chemistry of B2M --- p.33 / Chapter C. --- B2M and its relationship to immunogenetic system --- p.34 / Chapter D. --- B2M in solid malignancies --- p.35 / Chapter E. --- B2M in hematologic malignancies --- p.36 / Chapter F. --- B2M in non-malignant diseases --- p.38 / Chapter III. --- Epstein - Barr Virus (EBV) --- p.41 / Chapter A. --- Morphology / Chapter B. --- EBV infection --- p.42 / Chapter C. --- EBV and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma --- p.44 / Chapter D. --- Relationship of EBV to other human disease --- p.46 / Chapter (a) --- The relationship of EBV to IM / Chapter (b) --- The relationship of EBV to BL / Chapter E. --- EBV genome-carrying lymphoid cell lines --- p.50 / Chapter IV. --- TUMOUR ANTIGEN OF SQUEMOUS CELL CARCINOMA --- p.55 / Chapter A. --- The source of TA-4 --- p.55 / Chapter B. --- Characteristics of TA-4 --- p.56 / Chapter C. --- TA-4 in squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix --- p.57 / Chapter D. --- TA-4 in other type of squamous cell carcinaoma --- p.58 / MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter A. --- Materials --- p.61 / Chapter B. --- Measurement of Beta-2 Microglobulin --- p.63 / Chapter (a) --- Principles / Chapter (b) --- Assay protocol / Chapter (c) --- Reproducibility / Chapter C. --- Detection of EBV antibody titres in human sera --- p.68 / Chapter (a) --- Induction of EA/VCA in Raji/P3HR-1 cell lines / Chapter (b) --- Detection of antibody titres to EA/VCA in human sera / Chapter D. --- Measurement of squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen --- p.75 / RESULTS --- p.79 / Chapter A. --- Diurnal change of serum B2M or TA-4 level --- p.79 / Chapter B. --- The B2M and TA-4 levels in apparently healthy people --- p.81 / Chapter C. --- The usefullness of assay in initial diagnosis and staging --- p.81 / Chapter (a) --- Correlation between serum B2M levels and staging of NPC / Chapter (b) --- Correlation between serum TA-4 levels and staging of NPC / Chapter D. --- Correlation between histological differentiation of NPC and B2M and TA-4 level --- p.91 / Chapter E. --- The usefulness of assay for monitoring the NPC --- p.93 / Chapter (a) --- patients achieved completed remission / Chapter (b) --- patients developed local recurrence / Chapter (c) --- patients developed distant metastases / DISCUSSION --- p.131 / Chapter A. --- Serum B2M in NPC patients --- p.131 / Chapter B. --- Serum TA-4 in NPC ptients --- p.136 / Chapter C. --- EBV antibody titres in NPC patients --- p.137 / Chapter D. --- Conclusion --- p.141 / Chapter E. --- Suggested further study --- p.143 / REFERENCES --- p.146

by Kong Siu-Kai. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 313-340.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with very poor prognosis amongst all pancreatico-biliary cancers. PDAC is characterised by a pronounced desmoplastic stroma which upon depletion has been associated with immune cell mediated tumour clearance. In situ analyses of various immune cell markers in the stromal compartments may provide a lucid picture of immune cell migration to the tumour epithelia. Automated, unbiased, high throughput imaging and analysis of specifically designed tissue microarrays, from surgically resected tissue samples of PDAC, advanced PDAC, and other pancreatico-biliary diseases; stained for distinct immune cell markers was carried out in the juxtatumoural stroma and the panstromal compartments. Prognostic significance was determined with X-Tile software. In vitro and in vivo assays were undertaken to outline the possible mechanisms. Immune cell infiltration to PDAC was higher than infiltration to other pancreatico-biliary diseases with the exception of CD8+ T cells. While CD4+, CD68+ and myeloperoxidase+ cells could infiltrate the juxtatumoural stroma of PDAC; CD3+, CD8+, Foxp3+ and CD20+ cells could not in the early stage PDAC patients tissue analysed and also in an independent validation cohort of advanced stage PDAC patients. Survival analyses demonstrated pro-survival effects of having high CD8+ densities. CD8+ T cells could only infiltrate the juxtatumoural compartment of KPC mice after stromal collapse resulting from targeting stellate cells with All-trans Retinoic Acid. 17 In vitro migration assays demonstrated increased CD8+ T cell migration towards activated pancreatic stellate cells compared to quiescent pancreatic stellate cells and appeared to be dependent on CXCL12. T cells are hindered from migrating to the juxtatumoural compartment by activated pancreatic stellate cells as a result of an increase in CXCL12 secretion. Rendering activated pancreatic stellate cells quiescent results in a reduction of CXCL12 secretion which may allow CD8+ T cells to migrate to the tumours and perform cytotoxic functions.

South Asians residing in the UK are known to be significantly different in terms of socio-economic and cultural influences from the UK population in general. They are at substantially higher risk of developing oral cancer (OSCC) and the potentially malignant disorder (PMD) oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). To overcome barriers to conventional health service use, a mobile dental unit was the base for screening within the South Asian community. Bilingual advocates ensured cultural acceptability and actively recruited high-risk individuals for screening as well as being involved at the secondary referral centre to facilitate attendance for definitive diagnosis of positive screened individuals. In total 1596 high-risk individuals were screened and 5.4% referred with suspicious lesions. No OSCC was detected in any positive screened individuals but PMDs were confirmed in 29%, with dysplasia (15%) and OSF (9%) the commonest lesions referred. Due to the complex presentation of OSCC the most appropriate gold standard screening outcome is the detection of individuals who cannot be discharged from long-term follow-up at the secondary referral centre. On this basis screening specificity was 99% and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 79%. The low PPV was attributed to the high prevalence of complex oral mucosal lesions (46%) that cannot be definitively diagnosed as benign by visual examination alone, which indicates diagnostic aids are required for screening this high-risk population. 4 Compliance with referral for positive screened individuals was only 76% and immediate incisional biopsy of positive screened individuals would be needed to improve this. In addition to histological detection of dysplasia, molecular markers of disease could readily be investigated by immunohistochemistry and the expression of keratins are ideal candidates due to their responsiveness to pathological signalling and abnormal expression in oral (pre)cancer. Analysis of 28 fresh frozen OSF samples and 6 site-matched controls, using a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies, revealed changes in keratin 17 expression which correlated with disease severity. A mobile dental unit staffed by suitably experienced dentists and cultural advocates and equipped for immediate histological diagnosis of positive screened individuals is required in order to undertake effective and ethical oral cancer screening in high-risk UK based South Asian populations.

by Yu Xiongwen. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-84). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.iii / List of Figures --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Tumor Marker --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- General concept of tumor marker --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Application of tumor marker --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Limitation of tumor markers --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Breast Cancer --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Incidence in Hong Kong Chinese --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Need for early diagnosis and prognosis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Markers for Breast Cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Usefulness of tumor marker for breast cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Some tumor marker for breast cancer --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Selective Markers for Breast Cancer in this Study --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- New TPA --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- CA 15-3 --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Apolipoprotein(a) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Sampling --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- CA 15-3: Cancer Antige 15-3 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- New TP A --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Apolipoprotein(a) --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical Methods --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1. --- Precision Studies --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- CA 15-3 --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- TPA --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Apolipoprotein(a) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- CA 15-3 --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "CA 15-3 levels in healthy women, patients with benign breast disease and patients with breast cancer" --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy of preoperative CA15-3 determination by cutoff value" --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- TPA --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- TPA levels in healthy women，patients with benign breast disease and patients with breast cancer --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- "Sensitivity, specificity，and total accuracy of preoperative CA 15-3 determination by cutoff value" --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- Apolipoprotein (a) --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Apo(a) levels in healthy women，patients with benign breast disease and patients with breast cancer --- p.53 / Chapter 3.5 --- Combination Test --- p.59 / Chapter 3.6 --- Study in Pairs --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Results of the pairs investigation --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Changes in post-operation compared with the pre- operation levels --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.73 / References --- p.74

Introduction: At the core of UK policy for improving outcomes in cancer are goals for a healthcare where patients are empowered through information enabling engagement in shared care decisions with clinicians. Interventions to support patients’ engagement in shared decision making are lacking within colorectal cancer and high grade glioma care despite intensive treatment regimens with uncertain outcomes. Navigation, a communication and decision support intervention, has been successfully piloted with prostate and breast cancer patients who demonstrated significantly more confidence and less uncertainty in their treatment decisions. With healthcare policy advocating patients be educated and engaged in their care, the applicability of this intervention to other cancer settings is required. The Navigation intervention includes: consultation planning with a Navigator, formulation of a consultation plan and recording (summary and CD) of the medical consultation. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of the Navigation intervention in enhancing decision-making quality over time when compared with usual care, in patients with colorectal cancer. To explore repeated experiences of the Navigation intervention from the perspective of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, patients with high grade glioma (HGG), and consulting clinicians. Design and Studies: A mixed methods study using a pragmatic randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation was undertaken during November 2010 – December 2013. The intervention was trialled separately with two cohorts of cancer patients (CRC and HGG). A longitudinal parallel-group pragmatic randomised controlled trial was conducted. Study 1 consisted of a longitudinal parallel-group pragmatic randomised control trial. Participants with colorectal cancer were openly randomised after completion of baseline measures to receive the intervention or usual care (no intervention). The intervention was administered to patients at three particular time points during first line cancer treatment. Participants completed tools collecting primary outcome (decision self-efficacy) and secondary outcomes (decision conflict, decision regret, anxiety and depression) measured prior to baseline, post consultation and at follow-up. Mean change in scores overtime and between groups were compared using Mixed ANOVAS. Study two was a prospective qualitative study undertaking serial in-depth semi-structured evaluation interviews with patients with High Grade Glioma. Study three undertook interviews with the consulting HGG and CRC clinicians. Framework analysis was undertaken. Setting: Two oncology settings within a tertiary cancer centre in Scotland. Participants: 132 patients with colorectal cancer (65 intervention, 67 control) participated in the randomised controlled trial. For the qualitative study, 17 colorectal trial participants (8 intervention, 9 control), 11 high grade glioma patients and 7 clinicians were interviewed. Evaluation Results: No significant difference was found between the control and Navigation intervention participants over time in the primary outcome of decision self-efficacy, or in the following secondary outcomes; decision conflict or anxiety and depression scores. At follow-up, the intervention group reported significantly less decision regret than the controls (p=0.039). In the qualitative data, Navigated participants reported being well prepared for medical consultations, able to actively engage in information exchange during consultation and enabled to recall and understand information provided. This was in contrast to participants receiving usual care who described being less prepared for medical consultations and experienced barriers to gathering information, such as time pressures, forgetting questions, and gaps in understanding. Clinicians identified that patients benefitted from preparing for, and having a written summary of, the consultation. Whereas neuro-oncology clinicians were supportive of Navigation as a tool to tailor information to patients; colorectal clinicians felt Navigation was a disruption to their normal consultation routine. Concern was expressed regarding the extra resource required by Navigated patients and therefore about the feasibility and sustainability of the intervention. Conclusions: Whilst models of shared decision making remain highly profiled in cancer strategies, information exchange and use of interventions in context is problematic. This evaluation of Navigation has demonstrated more impact on the process of decision making, rather than outcome per se, and has raised questions about its sustainability in clinical practice. A more nuanced understanding of different cancer pathways and the specific decisions to be made, may inform a more targeted use of decision support in cancer care.

Bik-Yu Hui. / "July 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-203). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Kwong Joseph. / "June 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-224). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.