yes / The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the PARC & Associated Consultants. The Afghanistan Case study was carried out by Mr Jonathan Goodhand with Mr Paul Bergne. The work was conducted through fieldwork in Afghanistan (Kabul and Malaria Shari) where the team conducted interviews with a range of officials including staff from UK Embassy, GCPP projects, the Mazar Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) and UN, Afghan Government and NGO officials. The fieldwork was supplemented by further interviews in London and a review of the relevant literature and project documents.P7. The Afghanistan Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meson level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict form part of a coherent package of direct interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of particular large scale deadly conflicts or potential conflicts. The microlevel of analysis (review of specific projects) confines itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meson and macro levels. The Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals. Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meson levels. P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to justify their continuation.

yes / P5. The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the PARC & Associated Consultants. The Sudan Case study was carried out by Mr Emery Brusset of Channel Research Limited. Work was conducted in three phases. The first was London-based, and involved situating the ACPP activities in the context of UK approaches to conflict prevention and the overall policy framework of the ACPP. The second phase, the most intense, involved fieldwork in the Sudan and Kenya. The third phase involved consultations in London through October and November, with ACPP representatives, and specifically with the joint FCO-DFID Sudan Unit in London. P7. The Sudan Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meso level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict form part of a coherent package of direct interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of particular large scale deadly conflicts or potential conflicts. The microlevel of analysis (review of specific projects) confines itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meso and macro levels. The Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals. Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meso levels. P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to justify their continuation.

Slips are a leading cause of injury among older adults. Specific slip recovery measures, including slip distance and peak slip speed, have been shown to increase significantly among fallers as compared to non-fallers. Often, slipping kinematics are measured using optoelectronic motion capture (OMC), requiring a laboratory setting and limiting data collection to experimentally-controlled conditions. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) show promise as a portable and wearable form of motion capture. This study had two objectives. First, we investigated whether foot and ankle IMU-derived slip recovery measures could be considered equivalent to the same OMC-derived measures. Second, we investigated if both participant-placed and researcher-placed IMU-derived slip recovery measures could be considered equivalent to the same OMC-derived measures. 30 older adults (ages 65-80) were exposed to a slip while wearing both IMUs and OMC markers. Slip distance and peak slip speed were measured by both systems and compared. Equivalence testing (α = 0.05) showed that IMUs placed on the foot and the ankle were equivalent to OMC in measuring these slip recovery measures. Furthermore, it was shown that researcher and participant-placed IMUs were equivalent (α = 0.05) to OMC in measuring these slip recovery measures. These results confirm that IMUs can be a viable substitute for OMC and have the potential to expand data capture to a real-world environment. / Master of Science / Falls are a major cause of injury among older adults. Slips are a large contributor to falls, so it is important to better understand how slips occur to develop more efficient fall-prevention programs. To understand slips, previous research often utilized optoelectronic motion capture (OMC) to measure slip recovery measures. However, OMC relies on multiple cameras, limiting slip measurement to a laboratory. As we want to understand slips in the real-world, we must use a different form of motion capture. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are sensors that can afford real-world biomechanical measurement. In this thesis research, 30 older adults (ages 65-80) were exposed to one over-ground slip. Slip recovery measures are compared between OMC and IMUs placed on the foot and ankle. Furthermore, IMU placement is compared between researchers and participants. Equivalence testing showed that IMUs placed on the foot and the ankle were equivalent to OMC in measuring these slip recovery measures. Furthermore, it was shown that researcher and participant-placed IMUs were equivalent to OMC in measuring these slip recovery measures. These results confirm that IMUs can be a viable substitute for OMC and have the potential to expand data capture to a real-world environment.

No / In the past decade, information technology and the Internet have helped fuel radicalisation and violent extremism (VE), which have transcended from the real world to cyberspace. The emergence of new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) has also paved the way for insurgents to spread their propaganda using such disruptive technologies. The duality of AI proved that while such new technology can bring vast improvements to various sectors, it also has the potential to facilitate extremist behaviours and activities. Terrorist and violent rebels have shifted their ways to use technologies such as AI to spread radical ideology and propaganda, recruit new members, organize financial support and operational tactics and manage online communities. Similarly, AI is seen as a holy grail especially in predictive analytics in the race to prevent and counter-terrorist activities. This research employs qualitative methodology, in which the primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling and the qualitative data analysis was conducted through thematic and content analysis, in which the observations and the interview transcripts from the semi-structured interviews were examined. The primary data were triangulated with data obtained from the stakeholders. The findings revealed that while the use of AI facilitates enforcers in predicting extremist activities, detecting misinformation and countering extremist narratives, such technology has also aided terrorists and extremists in spreading mass information via automatise chatbots and coordinating information and attacks. The use of AI is said to be a double-edged sword where it serves the aims of a nation’s cybersecurity strategies, but at the same time aid extremists in fulfilling their radical goals. The legal landscape governing AI is still scarce and challenges such as duality call for a specific legal guideline or legislation to aid in the effective governing of such crime.

No description available.

No / Effective record keeping underpins service delivery and provides a record of the quality of care delivered. Pressure ulcer risk assessment, prevention strategy and pressure ulcer care provision are a key element in the nursing process and are correctly a focus area within the safety agenda. This article reviews issues related to the documentation of pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention and asks whether the time is right to move towards a universal system of pressure ulcer care documentation, linked to reporting within the NHS.

Crime prevention Prevention specifics of cybercrime on social networks Abstract (EN): Criminality is the most serious social problem, and therefore it is necessary to prevent the crime and not merely punish it. Crime prevention aims at creating a better standard of human life in all its aspects with eliminating undesirable phenomena in society. Criminality adapts to the evolution of the society. The most dynamically developing form of crime is cybercrime. The subject of this thesis is to compile an up-to-date picture of crime prevention predominantly focusing on cybercrime. The thesis is conceptually divided into two parts, the first deals with crime and its prevention in general, while the other focuses on the specifics of cybercrime. The first part of the thesis briefly defines the relevant terms such as criminality, criminalization and decriminalization, criminogenic factors, relapse, criminology, penology, victimology, crime control, repression and prevention. It also systematizes crime prevention and focuses on the classification via the content or the target (social, situational and victimological), and via the addressees as well (primary, secondary and tertiary). It further notes the current focus of crime prevention, referring in particular to the Doha Declaration and other outcomes of the 13th...

Peer aggression and bullying are significant problems for children in American schools. While a large body of research has been conducted in this area, none to date has examined the combined roles of temperament (behavioral activation system, or BAS, and behavioral inhibition system, or BIS), and empathy in predicting participation in bullying interactions. Previous research has found that low empathy facilitates aggressive behavior, while high empathy inhibits it, and has linked poor emotion regulation to conduct disorders. Thus, if these factors can predict behaviors towards peers, they may also predict (independently and in combination) involvement in bullying, specifically the roles assumed in those interactions - that is: bully, victim, bully-victim (a child who is both bully and victim), or defender/protector. The present study tested 226 middle school students on a measure of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and a measure of temperament (BIS/BAS Scales). The students also completed a Peer Nomination Inventory to identify children who were aggressive toward others, victimized by peers, and/or protected peers from bullies. Although not all predictions were supported, results showed that certain sub-components of empathy, such as empathic concern (affective empathy) and personal distress (a measure of emotion regulation) predicted the behavior of "pure bullies" (bullies who are not themselves victimized), but not of other aggressive children such as bully-victims. High BAS drive and low BIS were significant predictors of aggressive behavior, and BAS reward responsiveness predicted protective behavior. Victimized children had higher fantasy (ability to identify with fictional characters) and lower perspective-taking (cognitive empathy) skills, and tended not to have overlapping characteristics and behaviors with protective children. / These characteristics did not interact significantly with each other or with age, gender, ethnicity, or SES of students. It was concluded that pure bullies lack affective empathy, and victims lack cognitive empathy. That is, empathy is multidimensional and empathy deficits vary in type, but all lead to some form of socioemotional impairment. Furthermore, aggressive victims are a unique sub-group of children with unique characteristics. / by Chantal M. Gagnon. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study examined the knowledge relevant to reducing crime affecting urban Aboriginal people through a risk-focused approach to prevention and a growing body of knowledge about how it gets implemented. It then examined this knowledge in a case study of its application in Winnipeg. Interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire with program stakeholders and policy planners involved in crime prevention initiatives, programming and policy in Winnipeg. Approximately half of the stakeholders were involved primarily with Aboriginal people and the other half were involved with programs that included both Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. The interviews took place from September to November 2009. The interviews show that many stakeholders agree with the risk-focused prevention literature on risk factors and that there are prevention programs operating in Winnipeg serving at-risk Aboriginal people. Therefore, there exists the possibility of reducing crime given that they are tackling risk factors in a way which is consistent with crime prevention research. However, when the interviews turned to issues of implementation, it showed: • There is no responsibility centre to mobilize different sectors to tackle crime • Many programs are not implemented comprehensively • There is a lack of localized coordinated action (including support from the police chief and public engagement) • There is a lack of political leadership • There is no city-wide strategic plan, and • Programs are in constant competition for funding in order to continue operations. If we are to reduce the disproportionate rates of victimization and offending affecting urban Aboriginal peoples, we need to find more effective ways to implement the strategies that are proven to tackle risk factors. There must be support from the mayor and police chief, training and capacity development, and public engagement which fosters strong use of proven strategies. A responsibility centre with Aboriginal representation must be created. Funding must be expanded to support the community based organizations that are tackling established risk factors. Finally, sustained and adequate funding must be provided to these programs and the responsibility centre.

This study examined the knowledge relevant to reducing crime affecting urban Aboriginal people through a risk-focused approach to prevention and a growing body of knowledge about how it gets implemented. It then examined this knowledge in a case study of its application in Winnipeg. Interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire with program stakeholders and policy planners involved in crime prevention initiatives, programming and policy in Winnipeg. Approximately half of the stakeholders were involved primarily with Aboriginal people and the other half were involved with programs that included both Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal people. The interviews took place from September to November 2009. The interviews show that many stakeholders agree with the risk-focused prevention literature on risk factors and that there are prevention programs operating in Winnipeg serving at-risk Aboriginal people. Therefore, there exists the possibility of reducing crime given that they are tackling risk factors in a way which is consistent with crime prevention research. However, when the interviews turned to issues of implementation, it showed: • There is no responsibility centre to mobilize different sectors to tackle crime • Many programs are not implemented comprehensively • There is a lack of localized coordinated action (including support from the police chief and public engagement) • There is a lack of political leadership • There is no city-wide strategic plan, and • Programs are in constant competition for funding in order to continue operations. If we are to reduce the disproportionate rates of victimization and offending affecting urban Aboriginal peoples, we need to find more effective ways to implement the strategies that are proven to tackle risk factors. There must be support from the mayor and police chief, training and capacity development, and public engagement which fosters strong use of proven strategies. A responsibility centre with Aboriginal representation must be created. Funding must be expanded to support the community based organizations that are tackling established risk factors. Finally, sustained and adequate funding must be provided to these programs and the responsibility centre.