Zheng, Fangbing. / "September 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Lo, Yu Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Mean-reverting Model --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Volatility Smile --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Stochastic Volatility Model --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Multiscale Stochastic Volatility Model --- p.15 / Chapter 3 --- The Heston Stochastic Volatility --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Model --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Characteristic Function --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- European Option Pricing --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Plain Vanilla Options --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Implied Volatility --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Other Payoff Functions --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Trinomial Tree: Exotic Option Pricing --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sub-tree for the volatility --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Sub-tree for the asset --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Non-zero Correlation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Calibration to Future prices --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Numerical Examples --- p.39 / Chapter 4 --- Multiscale Stochastic Volatility --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Model Settings --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- Pricing --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- Simulation studies --- p.54 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Appendix --- p.61 / Chapter A --- Verifications --- p.61 / Chapter A.l --- Proof of Lemma 3.1.1 --- p.61 / Chapter B --- Black-Scholes Greeks --- p.64 / Bibliography --- p.66

O fenômeno da globalização vivido nas últimas décadas acirrou a competitividade no mundo e aumentou a importância do marketing para as empresas. Considerando que as estratégias empresarias precisam estar refletidas na decisão das variáveis ditas controláveis de marketing (Produto, Preço, Promoção e Praça), destaca-se a variável preço por sua relevância como elemento estratégico e por ser a única das variáveis geradora de receita. Independente da abordagem de precificação, sendo as principais voltadas para o cliente, para o mercado e de custos, verificam-se distinções importantes no que se refere à precificação de bens ou serviços. Além das diferenças mais evidentes, como a intangibilidade dos serviços, que dificulta a mensuração do custo, chamam a atenção os fatores que são agregados ao preço durante a etapa de produção. Em especial, destacam-se os impostos, por sua relevância no preço final pago pelo consumidor. Levando em consideração que o Brasil utiliza o método de \"impostos em cascata\" e a Itália, como membro da União Europeia, utiliza o IVA (Imposto sobre valor agregado), é importante saber como isso altera o preço final. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica abordando os conceitos de preço e as diferentes abordagens de precificação no que se refere a serviços ou bens e o impacto dos impostos no preço final ao consumidor no Brasil e na Itália. Após a revisão da literatura, realizou-se um estudo exploratório qualitativo internacional por meio de entrevistas em profundidade que seguiram um protocolo previamente estabelecido. Os entrevistados selecionados são profissionais que atuam ou já atuaram diretamente nas áreas de precificação das empresas pesquisadas. Após análises do que foi coletado nas entrevistas, concluiu-se que apesar das diversas abordagens de precificação que este trabalho apresentou e das interações entre elas, ainda não existe um modelo que seja adequado a todos os casos e todos os cenários, em especial quando se trata de serviços. Além disso, a distinção entre os modelos de tributação brasileiro italiano faz dessa componente mais um fator que torna a precificação no Brasil ainda mais complexa, mostrando que o impacto dos impostos na determinação de preços no Brasil é muito maior do que na Itália. / The globalization phenomenon experienced in recent decades has increased competitiveness and the importance of marketing for companies around the world. Considering that business strategies need to be reflected in the decision of marketing controllable variables (Product, Price, Promotion and Square), the price variable stands out due to relevance as a strategic element and because it is the only variable that generates revenue. Regardless of the pricing approach, either focused on the customer, the market or the cost, there are important distinctions regarding the pricing of goods or services. In addition to the more obvious differences, such as the intangibility of services, which makes it difficult to measure costs, more attention is drawn to the factors that are added to price during the production stages. In particular, taxes stand out because of their relevance in the final price paid by the consumer. Taking into account that Brazil uses a \"cascading taxes\" method and Italy, as a member of the European Union, uses VAT (value added tax), it is important to know how this affects the final price. Thus, a theoretical review addressing the concepts of price and the different pricing approaches regarding services or goodsand the impact of taxes on the final consumer price in Brazil and in Italy was performed. After reviewing the literature, an international qualitative exploratory study through in-depth interviews that follow a previously established protocol was conducted. The selected interviewees are professionals who work or have already worked directly in pricing of the companies participating in the study. After the analysis of the interviews, it is concluded that despite the various pricing approaches that this work presented and the interactions between them, there is still no model that is adequate for all cases and all scenarios, especially when it comes to services. Moreover, the distinction between the Brazilian and Italian taxation models makes this component one more factor that makes pricing even more complex in Brazil, showing that the impact of taxes over pricing in Brazil is much more important than in Italy.

This thesis identifies the price inconstancies between male and female consumer personal care products, such as razors and deodorants. Economic research suggests consumers purchase products based on their willingness to pay, which depends upon satisfaction granted from the product. If this is true, the question must be asked: what grants these consumers high satisfaction from product purchasing? To answer this question, this thesis investigates the rhetorical effect that stems from product design. Using a rhetorical criticism technique, I analyze how product design allows consumers to project their gender identity. I assert that consumers are interpellated to choose products based on their gender. Once this interpellation takes place, a constitutive rhetoric formed by the product’s design already assumes the consumer’s wants by embedding masculine or feminine ideologies. The analysis shows product design perpetuates clear gender dichotomy and fortifies the belief of gender binaries. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

First, we consider a fundamental pricing model for a single type of reusable resource in which a fixed number of units are used to serve stochastically arriving customers. Customers choose to purchase the resource based on their willingness-to-pay and the current price. If purchased, occupy one unit of the reusable resources for a random amount of time. The firm seeks to maximize a weighted combination of profit, market share, and service level. We establish a series of theoretical results that characterize the strong universal performance of static pricing in such an environment. Second, we describe a comprehensive approach to pricing analytics for reusable resources in the context of rotable spare parts with an industrial partner. We discuss the process of instilling a new pricing culture and developing a scalable new pricing methodology at a major aircraft manufacturer. We develop a novel pricing analytics approach for all rotable spare parts. The new approach tackles the challenges of limited data availability, minimal demand information, and complex inventory dynamics. We also present a successful large-scale implementation of our approach which led to significant profit gains. Third, we extend the pricing model for reusable resources to the setting of multiple customer classes. We describe two types of heuristics for this class of problem with accompanying numerical experiments. In addition, we provide a universal performance guarantee for a special case. We also discuss the role of substitution effects between different classes of customers.

This dissertation consists of two chapters. The first chapter addresses the role of trade barriers in explaining differences in the relative prices of tradables across countries. The second chapter assesses the quantitative importance of changes in comparative advantage in explaining the changes in the compositions of exports and output in South Korea during its growth miracle. In the first chapter I quantitatively address the role of trade barriers in explaining the cross-country distribution of the price of nontradables relative to tradables. Relative prices of nontradables are higher in rich countries than in poor countries. The standard explanation for this is due to Balassa (1964) and Samuelson (1964), where, in each country, the relative price of nontradables is equal to the inverse of relative productivity, and relative productivity is higher in poor countries. I construct a multi-country model of trade in which countries face asymmetric trade barriers. There are many tradable goods and trade barriers determine the cross-country pattern of specialization across tradable goods. The realized pattern of specialization determines measured productivity in the tradables sector, which determines relative prices. Existing trade barriers account for half of the difference in relative prices between rich and poor countries. In the second chapter, I explore how the evolution of comparative advantage can explain the changes in the compositions of exports and output that occurred in South Korea during its growth miracle. From 1960 to 1995 manufacture's share in both exports and output increased. I embed a dynamic, multi-country model of trade into a three-sector model of structural change where agriculture, manufactures, and services are complementary in both consumption and production. I measure productivity growth, in each sector for each country, using a growth accounting procedure. I feed the productivity growth rates into the model and find that the increase in manufacture's share in exports and output are explained by a shift in comparative advantage. The model also matches other aspects of the compositions: the declines in both agriculture's and service's share in exports, and the decline in agriculture's share in output. Finally, the model tracks the composition of output for other countries.

Originally presented as the author's thesis, M.S. in the M.I.T. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1979.

Concern over the apparent disparity between the farm use value and current market value of property in agricultural areas continues to remain a source of concern in many areas. This concern has intensified in recent years, particularly in those agricultural areas situated near urban centers and recreational areas. The main thrust of the study was directed toward determining the relationship between net real estate income per acre and sale price pier acres of properties in selected agricultural areas of Oregon. Three areas, ostensibly called agricultural areas, were selected for analysis. The areas, as classified, included a basic agricultural production area (dry land grain area in northcentral Oregon), an urban-recreation influenced area (Douglas County in southwestern Oregon bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Umpqua National Forest on the east) and an urban influenced area (Marion County in the populous and productive Willamette Valley in northwestern Oregon). In addition to determining the influence of net real estate income on property prices, the influence of other property characteristics on property prices was analyzed in each area. The other property characteristics included: year of sale, number of acres in sale, assessed value of buildings per acre, miles to nearest paved road, and miles to nearest town of at least 1,000 population. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of particular property characteristics on sale price per acre. The same six-variable model was used in each area to test whether partial regression coefficient values on corresponding variables differed significantly among areas. Overlapping of 95 percent confidence intervals around corresponding partial regression coefficient values among areas was observed for all independent variables except net real estate income per acre. The income variable was an important determinant of sale price per acre only for grain area and Douglas County sales. However, the partial regression coefficient value of 49.71 in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County implies an approximate 2.0 percent capitalization rate compared to a coefficient value of 17.11 and a 5.8 percent implied capitalization rate in the grain area. Year of sale was an important influence on sale price per acre in areas influenced more strongly by nonagricultural influences, i.e., Douglas and Marion Counties, as evidenced both by the level of significance of the coefficient value and the value of the coefficient in each of these areas. The annual rate of property price appreciation at the mean was 14.3 percent in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County and 12.1 percent in urban influenced Marion County. While not significantly different from zero, the rate of price change was slightly negative in the grain area. Conclusions from the study were (1) that there is a significant difference in the influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of properties among selected agricultural areas of Oregon, (2) that the nature and degree of relationship between prices oi property sales analyzed and property characteristics of these sales varied considerably within each agricultural area selected for analysis, but especially in the urban-recreation and urban influenced areas, and (3) that in spite of relatively low mean rates of return in all three areas studied, a disparity between the farm use value and current market value of land was found to exist only in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County. Implication of these results are that variously influenced agricultural areas do exist, and that motives for and sources of satisfaction from ownership of property in agricultural areas vary within and among areas. / Graduation date: 1972

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This paper studies the fundamental determinants of housing prices in three different developedcities in China. The main question addressed is whether fluctuations in the fundamentaldeterminants of housing prices around the world have an impact on housing prices inChina. The theoretical framework shows that housing prices in China are determined to alarge extent by stipulated factors that affect other big cities. They are: income per capita, interestrate, land price, construction cost and population and stock price.We use a linear regression model in our article. The empirical testing shows that these sixdeterminants used in Western countries are also applicable to Chinese real estate market.Most of them succeed in explaining the dynamics of housing prices. However, the resultsof the empirical testing are different among the three cities, so specific economic environmentof the three cities are necessary to understand the results.In our opinion, although some of the determinants fail to explain the fluctuations of housingprices, it is early to say there are bubbles due to the short history of Chinese real estatemarket. However, if policies are not implemented to calm down the overheating market insome first-tier cities, the consequences are hard to identify.