A Study on Professional Role of the Clinic Pharmacist in Taiwan Abstract To lower the cost and enhance the quality of medical service, the Government implemented the National Health Insurance in 1995, and the system of Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy in 1997. However, the separation caused both sides of doctor and pharmacist to ignite a vigorous battle in striving and competing for dispensing right. Thus made the government to adopt a regionalized and phased parallel system to execute the separation . In other words, local medical doctors can either hire pharmacists to fill the prescriptions in the clinics or hand the prescriptions to patients and have the prescriptions filled in drugstores. This study chose quantitative method to explore the role of clinic pharmacist, and to further explore the relation between the separation of the two services and the professional role of pharmacists. Questionnaires were distributed to all clinic doctors and pharmacists in the city of Kaohsiung, the results were collected as the resource of important evidentiary data. Through Gap Analysis¡Bt test¡BMultivariate Analysis of Variance¡Band Pearson Correlation, we¡¦ve come to the following findings: there is indeed a gap between doctors and pharmacists regarding the understanding and recognition toward the professional role of pharmacist, especially to the ability in providing medication consultation demonstrated by pharmacist; contrary opinions were held by the two sides regarding the separation of the two services, the position of clinic pharmacists, as well as the importance of and support to patients¡¦ right in knowing the medication they are taking, physicians even consider the hiring of pharmacists is only for fulfilling the requirement of the National Health Insurance System; the recognition between doctors and pharmacists to pharmacist¡¦s professional role (patients medicating instruction, ability in providing medication consultation, and double-checking of physician¡¦s prescription) is actually related in proportion with their attitudes toward the separation of Medicine and Pharmacy ,and the position of clinic pharmacists. It is hoped that the conclusion of this study is helpful in improving the understanding between physicians and pharmacists, thus alleviate the long-term conflict in the issue, enhance mutual respect to professional right, point out a crisp direction for the Government to follow when designing and promoting the system of the Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy. Key words: Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinic Pharmacist Professional Role

Abstract This study is focused on the discrimination of the relationship between money ethic & perfectionism and professional commitment & organizational commitment. I intend to provide company owners useful information on management of those R&D engineers. This research targets on engineers from different areas of businesses like computer, information, communication, electronics, optotech, refined machinery, automobiles, machinery, chemical engineering, metal industry and son on, but most are on the refined machinery, automobiles, machinery and telecommunication. There are total 508 copies of valid samples received. This is to check out if there is any obvious influence that the ¡§ money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ and ¡§professional commitment ¡¨ & ¡§organizational commitment ¡¨ by using regression. The result on research R&D engineers is as follows: 1¡BThe ¡§money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ they behold have a great influence on professional commitment. ¡}1¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the stronger their involvement and identification to profession will be. ¡}2¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the weaker willingness to stay in the same profession will be. ¡}3¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard is, the stronger their involvement and identification to profession will be. ¡}4¡~¡BThe more parental criticism, the weaker their professional identification and the willingness to stay in profession will be. ¡}5¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard and the doubt about actions is, the weaker the willingness to stay in profession will be. ¡}6¡~¡BThe higher the concern over making mistakes is, the weaker their involvement and identification to profession will be. 2¡BThe ¡§money ethic ¡§ & ¡§perfectionism¡¨ they behold have a great influence on organizational commitment. ¡}1¡~¡BThe stronger they regard ¡§money is good¡BImportant¡¨ , the weaker their involvement and identification to organization will be. ¡}2¡~¡BThe stronger the no intrinsic motivation is, the stronger their identification to organization will be. ¡}3¡~¡BThe higher they consider themselves receiving a equity treatment, the stronger their involvement to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}4¡~¡BThe more the motivators are, the stronger their involvement to organization will be. ¡}5¡~¡BThe higher the expectation from their parents is, the stronger their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}6¡~¡BThe higher the doubt about actions is, the weaker their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}7¡~¡BThe more concern over making mistakes is, the weaker their willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}8¡~¡BThe higher their personal standard is, the stronger their involvement and identification to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be. ¡}9¡~¡BThe more criticizes receiving from parents, the weaker their involvement to organization and the willingness to stay in position will be.

The purposes of this study are to explore the phenomena and the methods of Teacher Professional Evaluation (TPE) of junior high school in Kaohsiung City, including the positive efficiency from the TPE, the problems while practicing TPE, and the importance of teachers¡¦ opinions upon the contents of TPE, like appraisal indicators, methods to implement, ways to evaluate, procedures, application of results, opinions upon repeated evaluation, and evaluators. Besides exploring the differential reasons, some related and practical suggestions are also provided in this study to raise the effects of PTE and to develop the teachers¡¦ professional growth. Based on the literature review on teacher performance evaluation of elementary and junior high school in America, England and Australia, this study depends on ¡§Questionnaire upon the Phenomena and the Development of TPE in Junior High School.¡¨ According to the valid sample of 555 respondents of the junior high school teachers in Kaohsiung (72% respondents of 768 questionnairs), the data were dealt with by the software SPSS 8.0 and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, T-Test, GLM-General Factoril, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, and Chi-Square Test. In this study, ten conclusions are obtained as the following: 1.Junior high school teachers who have been in service for more than 26 years, graduated from university or college, or serve concurrently as directors of offices give more consent to the importance of appraisal indicators. 2.Junior high school teachers highly admit the importance of evaluation contents, especially the class management, the service enthusiasm, the communication with students¡¦ parents and the ability of student counseling. 3.Junior high school teachers pay less approval to the continuous evaluation. 4.Male teachers, teachers in service for one to five years, teachers serving concurrently as directors of offices, teachers in private schools, or teachers in the schools whose number of classes is under 60 highly estimate the positive efficiency of TPE. 5.Almost half the teachers affirm the positive efficiency of TPE, particularly the aspect of teacher professional growth. 6.TPE is more difficult to implement upon the teachers who graduate from teachers¡¦ university or college, the teachers who are in service in public schools, or the teachers in the schools whose number of classes is over 61. 7.More than half the teachers think it very difficult to establish the appraisal indicators. 8.The positive efficiency of evaluation has negative corelation with the difficulty of facing problems. 9.Most teachers accept the ways of evaluation as the following: all the teachers should be evaluated, periodic evaluation depends on necessity, domain representatives participate in the evaluation, and teachers carry on self-examination. 10.Methods of evaluation in private schools are multiple and more efficient. KEY WORDS: Junior High School,Profession,Teacher Professional Evaluation

The financial market in Taiwan shook away its bondage and started to move forward after the government declared the dissolution of financial policies in 1990. The approval of the installation of private banks in 1991 even flamed the competition existing in the monetary and financial market into a blaze.To make the situation even more drastic is our participation in the World Trade Organizations that international financial organizations are allowed to run their businesses here. Our local financial business did not only face the local competition, but also come across international counterparts. The keen competitionin the monetary market here is getting more and more fierce. Viewing bank clerks are the key to the success of a bank, this study aimed to find out how to inspire the employees and how to create an efficient management policy. This research also aimed at finding the relationship between ¡§monetary ethics¡¨ and ¡§professional commitment¡¨ & ¡§organizational commitment¡¨ among bank clerks. The subject of the study was bank clerks from 23 local banks throughout the island. There were total 422 copies of valid samples collected. The block regression is implied for analyzing the data. Through this research, we found bank clerks had the following responses: ¤@¡B The ¡§monetary ethics¡¨ behold have a great influence on professional commitment. 2¡B The stronger the make money is, the identification and involvement to profession will be higher. 3¡B The stronger the motivator is stronger, the identification and involvement to profession will be higher. 4¡B For those who think money can bring happiness, the involvement to profession will be higher. 5¡B The stronger the no intrinsic motivation is , the willingness to stay in the same profession will be lower. ¤G¡B The ¡§monetary ethics¡¨ behold have a great influence on organization commitment: 1¡B The weaker they regard ¡§money is good¡BImportant¡¨, the identification to organizational will be lower. 2¡B The stronger the make money is , the identification to organizational and willingness to stay in position will be higher. 3¡B The stronger the motivator is stronger is, the identification to organizational and willingness to stay in position will be higher. 4¡B The stronger the Budget Money is important, the involvement to organizational will be higher. 5¡B The stronger the rich is important, the identification to organizational will be lower.

Abstract According to the statistics of Department of Health, demand and quality of health care have been increased for the past decade in Taiwan. Not only the number of medical organizations of various categories is increasing rapidly, but also human resources and capital invested in the medical industry have been growing fast. The importance of salesman in this trade cannot be underestimated any longer. A study on the correlations among money ethic, professional commitment and organizational commitment of the salesman in the medical devices dealers was made to locate useful motivation elements and management suggestions to the salesman in this field as well as to serve as a reference for people who have been in practice or intend to join this industry. The subject of study was aimed at salesman of medical devices dealers. The structure of this study was established based on an understanding of properties of this industry and a review of documents. A sample survey was conducted and the impact of money ethic upon professional commitment and organizational commitment was examined in a statistical way of block regression. Results of this study are listed as follows: 1.The money ethic of salesman imposed significant impact upon the sub-dimensions of professional commitment. ¡]1¡^As the tendency of considering making money was important was getting stronger, professional identification became higher. ¡]2¡^As the tendency of considering making money was important was getting stronger, professional involvement became greater. ¡]3¡^As the tendency of budget emphasis was getting stronger, professional involvement became higher. ¡]4¡^As the tendency of considering money was no intrinsic motivation element was getting stronger, the willingness of staying in the same profession was getting lower. ¡]5¡^As the tendency of considering money was a motivation element was getting stronger, professional identification became higher. ¡]6¡^As the tendency of identifying money stood for power was getting stronger, the willingness of staying in the same profession ] was getting lower. 2.The money ethic of salesman imposed significant impact upon the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment. ¡]1¡^As the tendency of considering making money was important was getting stronger, professional identification became higher. ¡]2¡^As the tendency of considering money was no intrinsic motivation element was getting stronger, the willingness of staying in the same profession was getting lower. ¡]3¡^As the tendency of considering money was a motivation element was getting stronger, organizational identification became higher. ¡]4¡^As the tendency of identifying money stood for power was getting stronger, the willingness of staying in the same profession was getting lower.

This study focused on teacher professionalization as it relates to the recruitment of teachers. Five aspects of professionalization were selected from the literature that might influence a prospective teacher to consider a career in education: compensation, credentialing, collaboration, professional development, and autonomy. The broad emphasis of this research was to create awareness among educators of their roles in promoting the profession of teaching. By collecting and analyzing the perceptions of some of the most recognized teachers, regional and state Teachers of the Year, issues that had not previously been studied were confronted and analyzed. Major research findings for the study indicated: ?? Teachers perceive that increased financial benefits, improved public perception of teachers, and positive school culture encourage prospective teachers to consider careers in teaching. ?? A majority of the teachers surveyed reported that they frequently participate in recruitment activities by sharing information on the intrinsic rewards of their careers, by identifying qualities in another person that might lead to the choice of a teaching career, and by telling that person that they would be a good teacher. Based on the findings of the study, researcher recommendations include: ?? Salary schedules should be addressed to include opportunities for teachers to be promoted, yet remain in the classroom. ?? Teachers should inspire secondary students to consider careers in education by participating in career day initiatives. ?? Teachers should invite the media into their classrooms and speak to community groups to promote the profession. ?? Teachers should write op-ed pieces for the newspapers about their profession. ?? Those teachers who have left the profession for family obligations may be lured back into teaching by expanded job-sharing opportunities, part-time positions, and district-managed day care. ?? An intense initiative should be inaugurated to encourage teachers to eliminate negative discussions about the profession. ?? Initiatives that demonstrate public appreciation and acknowledgment of the value of the profession should be implemented.

This investigation examined the impact on student achievement of teachers who participated in a professional development program using industry partnerships. One treatment and one non-treatment school in a large urban school district served as the sites for this inquiry with teacher participation in a professional development program and the achievement data of their science students being collected during the 2001-2002 school period. The impact of a teacher professional development program with industry partnerships such as Education for the Energy Industry (EEI) on student achievement in science was determined. National and state standardized tests were analyzed using extant data obtained from administering the fourth through the eighth grade Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) test and the eighth grade Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS) test. The differential influence of a professional development program for teachers on the achievement of students of diversity was determined by the TAAS scores and ITBS scores, which were partitioned by treatment condition and student ethnicity. Findings from this quantitative investigation suggest enhanced student achievement in science if teachers participated in a professional development program involving industry partnerships.

Purpose. To explore the relation shop between professional commitment and job satisfaction. Methods. A survey of 300 nurses from a medical center in Taiwan was conducted to collect data. The instrument surveyed demographics, working environment, professional commitment, and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results. The results showed a positive correlation between professional commitment and job satisfaction. Multiple linear regression revealed seven factors that were associated with nurses professional commitment: marital status, age, years of working reasons for enrollment, economic status, and working environment. Factors that could explain the variance of job satisfaction were economic status, working environment, and professional commitment. Conclusion. Greater awareness of nurses professional commitment and job satisfaction among nursing administration may indirectly help increase the quality of nursing care in Taiwan.

Thesis (MCur (Nursing Science))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis.