Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

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The contents of this thesis describe the results of an investigation into the means by which computer aided design (CAD) may be applied to the protection systems of electrical drives, removing much of the repetitive procedures presently used in determining relay settings. To further this aim, a series of algorithms have been devised which allow exploitation of the concept. The areas chosen for demonstration are, direct-on-line started induction motors and transformer fed variable speed drives. In both cases "standard settings' cannot be implemented as the field of application varies enormously. The text discusses an algorithm which utilises several databases containing motor, fuse and cable parameters. Chapter three uses a program derived from this algorithm which allows data to be extracted from the databases and manipulated in order to determine the optimum circuit components. Subsequent chapters examine the implementation of two types of motor protection relay and discusses the algorithms used in modelling them. The text is supported by applications which demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived programs. Chapter six discusses in depth the application of overcurrent relays for the protection of transformers used on variable speed drive installations. The possibility of using overcurrent elements in two or three phases is examined together with the attendant difficulties which may arise. The algorithms are further expanded to incorporate applications which involve the protection of multi-transformer installations supplied from a common point.

La protection de l’emploi se définit comme la réglementation encadrant les règles d’embauche et les modalités de licenciement des salariés et trouve ses sources dans la législation, les négociations collectives ou encore les décisions de justice. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, une vaste littérature macroéconomique a investi les effets de la protection de l’emploi sur les performances du marché du travail, ou plus précisément les effets des modalités de licenciement sur le taux d’emploi, la durée et le taux de chômage. Des travaux plus récents commencent à mettre en relief d’autres conséquences de la protection de l’emploi, à savoir ses répercussions en termes d’incitations sur le comportement des individus : confrontés à une certaine réglementation de l’emploi en matière de licenciement, les agents économiques s’adaptent, réagissent et adoptent des comportements stratégiques. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans l’ensemble de ces travaux en explorant les incitations individuelles générées par la législation du travail. En effet, le droit du travail relatif au licenciement et sa mise en uvre par les tribunaux ont des conséquences sur le comportement des parties à la relation de travail et ce, à plusieurs niveaux. D’une part, les modalités de licenciement ont un impact ex ante sur les niveaux d’investissements respectifs de l’employeur et du salarié au sein de leur relation : en effet, la façon dont les tribunaux jugent un litige consécutif à un licenciement et notamment les éléments pris en compte dans leurs décisions exercent une influence sur les incitations des parties à réaliser des investissements spécifiques. Ainsi, l’analyse présentée montre notamment de quels éléments d’ordre économique et social les juges devraient tenir compte si l’objectif recherché est la maximisation des niveaux des investissements choisis par les parties. D’autre part, la structure des procédures judiciaires a également une incidence sur le comportement des individus une fois le litige déclenché entre les deux parties. En effectuant des comparaisons entre plusieurs systèmes de résolution des litiges au moyen d’outils théoriques et d’une analyse expérimentale, cette thèse participe aux débats juridiques actuels portant sur la capacité des procédures à générer le maximum d’accords, permettant la réduction des dépenses de justice. / Employment protection refers both to regulations governing hiring and firing rules and finds its sources in legislation, collectively bargained conditions or customary practice. For about fifteen years, a large macroeconomic literature has studied the impact of employment protection on the labor market’s performances, or more precisely the effects of firing rules on the employment rate, the unemployment duration and rate. More recent works begin to emphasize other consequences of employment protection, i.e. its effects in terms of incentives on the behavior of individuals : facing a given legislation in terms of dismissal, economic agents adapt themselves, react and tend to adopt a strategic behavior. This thesis is related to this literature by exploring the individual incentives generated by labor law. Indeed, labor law related to firing and its enforcement by the courts have consequences on the behavior of parties to a labor relationship at several levels. On one hand, dismissal laws have an impact ex ante on the respective investment levels of employers and workers within their relationship : indeed, the way courts adjudicate a dispute due to a dismissal and notably the elements which are taken into account in their decisions have an impact on the incentives of parties to make specific investments. Thus, the theoretical analysis which is displayed shows what economic and social elements judges should take into account if their objective is the maximization of investment levels chosen by both parties. On the other hand, the design of judicial procedures also has an impact of the behavior of agents once the conflict has begun between the parties. By leading comparisons between several disputes’ resolution systems thanks to theoretical tools and an experimental analysis, this thesis participates to current legal debates over the ability of procedures to generate as many agreements as possible, allowing for the reduction of judicial costs.

随着经济的快速发展，全球环境问题日益严重，不断威胁着人类的生存。环保问题也成为各个领域的学者深入研究的热点。对于社会管理学学者们，目前关于环保问题的研究，最有影响力的理论之一是制度理论(InstitutionalTheory)。但是关于社会制度因素是如何影响个人的环境紧迫感和价值观与环境保护承诺和环保行为之间的关系，这些问题还没有通过实证研究加以回答。本文以制度理论为主理论，研究在个体层面上社会制度因素对环境紧迫感和环境保护承诺之间关系的调节作用。同时比较这三种制度因素，也就是调控性制度因素、规范性制度因素和文化-认知性制度因素，在其调节作用上的相对重要性。本文利用一个来自21 个国家的大样本(N=23443)数据，进行了回归和分层线性模型分析，结果表明三大制度因素均对环境保护承诺和环境保护行为有直接的影响。而且，调控性制度因素发挥着消极的调节作用，而文化-认知性制度因素发挥着积极的调节作用。同时本文针对在目前中国社会制度环境下，人们的环境紧迫感和个人价值观（物质享受需求）与环境保护承诺及环保行为之间的关系，进行了延伸性研究。此部分研究通过对从一家中国企业获得的样本数据(N=245)进行了回归分析，结果表明中国人的环境紧迫感和环境保护承诺呈边缘性显著相关，物质享受需求和环境保护承诺呈显著负相关，环境保护承诺和环保行为呈显著正相关，且环境保护承诺对环境紧迫感和环保行为起到了部分中介作用。其次，本文对实证研究结果进行了理论意义和实践意义的讨论。从理论角度，本文有助于我们理解社会制度对环境保护承诺等个体行为的调节作用。从实践角度，本文提出在环境管理问题上，社会制度不应被忽视。为了在环境保护方面做得更好，企业管理者或环保工作者应该更加关注社会制度因素的调节作用。

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A CHILD IN LABOUR LAW AND SOCIAL SECURITY LAW The purpose of my thesis is to draw attention to the position and protection of a child within Czech labour law and social security law in a wider context. The thematic range of this thesis covers two separate branches of law focusing on the following aspects: a child - a party to legal relations and "taking care of a child" as a relevant legal fact, which ensures wider rights to the person who takes care of a child. The part relating to individual benefits provided by social security law emphasizes the concurrence of benefits entitlement across the systems of social insurance, social support and social services. The issue is complemented with relevant provisions of legal acts enacted by the European Union, especially by the treatment of Directive on Social Security and Cross-border Labour within the EU. The paper is composed of six chapters. Introduction brings the reader into the issue. Chapter one defines the basic terminology used in the thesis, such as child, juvenile employee, child without support, living minimum, etc. Chapter Two offers the Czech historical foundations of this topic. Chapter Three - Legal Instruments - is subdivided into three Parts; each of them deals with one appropriate source of law, i.e. international sources of law,...

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