Réalisée en milieux défavorisés, cette étude porte sur l’engagement scolaire des élèves de troisième cycle du primaire (5e et 6e années au Québec) dans un contexte d’utilisation pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’engagement d’élèves utilisant les TIC. Elle vise à décrire les pratiques pédagogiques d’intégration des TIC de dix enseignants, de relater la qualité de l’engagement de leurs 230 élèves lors de tâches TIC et de mesurer l’évolution et la qualité de leur engagement scolaire selon le degré de défavorisation de leur école. Pour ce faire, cette recherche s’est inspirée d’un cadre de référence traitant l’engagement scolaire selon les dimensions affective, comportementale et cognitive. De plus, cette étude multicas essentiellement de nature interprétative et descriptive a utilisé une méthodologie mixte de collecte et d’analyse des données. Les résultats montrent notamment que les enseignants accordent une valeur pédagogique importante aux TIC tant dans la fréquence de leur utilisation, dans les usages valorisés que dans la façon de les intégrer en classe. Les enseignants privilégient largement le traitement de texte et la recherche sur Internet, mais très peu d’autres usages pertinents sont mis de l’avant de manière soutenue. La majorité des enseignants interrogés préférerait se servir de quatre ordinateurs en classe pour utiliser les TIC plus facilement que d’avoir uniquement accès au laboratoire de leur école. De plus, ils perçoivent de manière unanime que l’utilisation des TIC exerce une influence importante sur la dimension affective de leurs élèves lors d’activités préparées, assez bonne sur la dimension comportementale et plus discutable sur la dimension cognitive. Plus globalement, les élèves eux-mêmes affichent en général un engagement scolaire relativement élevé. En six mois, la qualité de l’engagement affectif des élèves est restée stable, leur engagement comportemental a progressé, mais leur engagement cognitif a baissé légèrement. Les résultats montrent aussi que la qualité de l’engagement des élèves de milieux défavorisés évolue différemment selon le degré de défavorisation de leur école. Dans cette recherche, l’importance de l’utilisation des TIC sur la qualité de l’engagement est marquante et s’avère parfois meilleure que dans d’autres types de tâches. Sans pouvoir généraliser, cette étude permet aussi de saisir davantage la qualité et l’évolution de l’engagement scolaire des élèves de la fin du primaire en milieux défavorisés. Des recommandations pour le milieu et des pistes de recherches futures sont présentées en tenant compte des limites et des forces de cette thèse inédite réalisée par articles. / Conducted in low socio-economic environments, this study looks at student engagement among third cycle elementary pupils (5th and 6th grade in Québec) in the context of the pedagogical use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at school. The goal of this multiple case study was to analyze the engagement of those students using ICTs at school. Thereby we have attempted to describe ten teachers’ pedagogical ICT integration practices, to report the quality of engagement of their 230 students during ICT tasks, and to measure the evolution and quality of their engagement in accordance with the school’s socio-economic status. A cross-cultural exploratory validation of a psychometric questionnaire was therefore carried out. This essentially interpretive and descriptive research employed a mixed methodology of data collection and analysis. This research notes that the concerned teachers granted an important pedagogical value to the use of ICTs varying in the frequency of their use, those uses most valued, and in the manner in which they are integrated in class. They largely privilege word processing and Internet research, yet few other significant uses are steadily applied. The majority preferred using four in-class computers for easier use of ICTs, rather than only having access to the school laboratory. Furthermore, they unanimously perceive that the use of ICTs has an important influence on their students’ emotional dimension during planned activities, a moderate influence on their behavioral dimension, and a more disputable influence on their cognitive dimension. More globally, the students themselves display a relatively high academic engagement. In six months, the quality of their emotional engagement remained stable, the behavioral aspect was on the rise, but the cognitive engagement declined. The results also demonstrate that those students from underprivileged environments displayed a different evolution in the quality of their engagement in accordance with their school’s level of income. This research therefore demonstrates the importance the use of ICTs has on the quality of engagement during ICT tasks, the latter often proving to be better than in other types of learning tasks. Without being able to generalize, this study also allows one to greater grasp how student engagement is qualified and evolves for pupils at the end of elementary school in underprivileged settings. Recommendations for the setting and paths for future research are presented taking into account the limits and strengths of this doctoral thesis presented by articles.

The chief aims of this study are to determine what, if any, accounting processes were employed during the first millennium BC (1000-332 BC) in Palestine, to determine whether these were the result of the socio-economic requirements of the various centralised polities operative in Palestine during this period, how these processes developed over the course of the first millennium and whether they conform to the definition of accounting provided in Chapter One. I have adopted an archaeological, epigraphic and qualitative approach taking into consideration the historical and socio-economic backgrounds of the different political administrations in control during the period under discussion. The evidence demonstrates that the adopted processes can be regarded as accounting processes since they conform to at least three of the four components of the definition of accounting and that these processes developed over the course of time depending on the particular requirements of the ruling authority. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)

This study was initiated when the researcher became aware of the problem that learners from low socio-economic environments tend to experience barriers to learning in numeracy and literacy. These barriers were identified in a class of Grade 1 learners through extensive literature study, after which the development, teaching and learning of numeracy and literacy in grade 1 were investigated. The researcher then developed intervention programmes for literacy and numeracy, each running for a period of six weeks, in order to overcome learners’ difficulties in these learning areas. Each programme was subdivided into three shorter programmes of two weeks each, which addressed different aspects of literacy and numeracy. Each sub-programme was supplemented by a schedule of daily activities in order to reinforce learning. Learners’ competence in literacy and numeracy was assessed before starting the programme and re-assessed at the end, using the same tests they had done at the beginning. Learners’ marks in both sets of tests were compared, which demonstrated their progress or non-progress after having participated in the intervention programmes. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Abstract in Afrikaans and English / This study was initiated when the researcher became aware of the problem that learners from low socio-economic environments tend to experience barriers to learning in numeracy and literacy. These barriers were identified in a class of Grade 1 learners through extensive literature study, after which the development, teaching and learning of numeracy and literacy in grade 1 were investigated. The researcher then developed intervention programmes for literacy and numeracy, each running for a period of six weeks, in order to overcome learners’ difficulties in these learning areas. Each programme was subdivided into three shorter programmes of two weeks each, which addressed different aspects of literacy and numeracy. Each sub-programme was supplemented by a schedule of daily activities in order to reinforce learning. Learners’ competence in literacy and numeracy was assessed before starting the programme and re-assessed at the end, using the same tests they had done at the beginning. Learners’ marks in both sets of tests were compared, which demonstrated their progress or non-progress after having participated in the intervention programmes. / Inleidend tot die studie word ‘n uiteensetting gegee van hoe die navorser bewus geword het van die navorsingsprobleem, wat as volg gestel word: Die navorser is bewus daarvan dat leerders uit ‘n lae sosio-ekonomiese milieu gewoonlik struikelblokke in leeraktiwiteite in gesyferdheid en geletterdheid ervaar. Deur literatuurstudie is die struikelblokke wat graad 1-leerders in geletterdheid en gesyferdheid ondervind, geïdentifiseer. Vervolgens is die ontwikkeling, onderrig en leer van geletterdheid en gesyferdheid volledig uiteengesit en intervensieprogramme in geletterdheid en gesyferdheid saamgestel om leerders se struikelblokke tydens leeraktiwiteite te bowe te kom. Drie intervensieprogramme in geletterdheid en drie in gesyferdheid is saamgestel, wat elk vir twee weke gevolg is. Volledige skedules van daaglikse aktiwiteite wat by elke program uitgevoer is, is ook ingesluit. Leerders se bedrewenheid in geletterdheid en gesyferdheid is geassesseer voor daar met die programme begin is. Na afloop van die intervensieprogramme het leerders weer dieselfde toetse afgelê waardeur hulle vordering of nie-vordering bepaal kon word. Verskeie tabelle is saamgestel wat leerders se vordering aantoon. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)