The fate of nutrients and their relationships in the London Avenue Canal is very complex. This study was undertaken to assess the water quality of the canal in wet and dry weather conditions, and to develop a 2 "“ layer model to predict the response of the canal to storm water discharges. Samples were collected at specific locations and at five different depths during wet and dry weather periods. These were used as background values in the model and for comparing the model output with the actual field results to verify the validity of the model. A 2-layer model has been developed to predict the response time of the system during and after a pumping event. This model has been used to predict various scenarios and the corresponding response times. The results by and large confirm the field data observed for certain parameters.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Grit, the concept consisting of perseverance and passion towards a desired long-term goal, has been spotlighted as a key psychological resource that is predictive of positive life outcomes including academic achievement, professional success and subjective well-being. Despite its popularity within and outside of academia, much more needs to be researched before we can understand its properties and sociological utility. This dissertation explores the potential location of grit within various sociological discourses, including literature on agency, stratification, and perceived meritocracy. In addition, I explore the relationship between social status, subjective agency, the social valuation of grit, and grit cross-culturally to place grit within proper cultural and structural contexts. In Chapter 2, I propose the psychological notion of grit as a potentially useful variable in sociological analysis and explore its potential for contributing to addressing sociological concerns including human agency and stratification. Grit could work as a “behavioral engine” transforming subjective beliefs about agency (e.g., sense of control) to agentic practices that potentially produce better life outcomes. In Chapter 3, using new cross-cultural data collected from South Korea and the United States, I test the current measure of grit, the Grit-S scale, that is developed and predominantly tested in the United States, in two different countries, South Korea and the United States. I find in both countries grit is better understood as the concept consisting of two separate dimensions, perseverance and passion, rather than a global concept. In addition, I find the perseverance facet of grit, but not the passion facet, shows the distinctive utility in explaining subjective well-being beyond subjective agency (i.e., sense of control) in both countries. In Chapter 4, I analyze novel cross-cultural data collected from four nations (France, South Korea, Turkey and the United States) and find an indirect linkage between a person’s socioeconomic status and the level of grit through positive associations with the sense of control. That is, people with a higher socioeconomic status tend to hold stronger beliefs about one’s agency, and those who are strong believers in one’s control over life outcomes, in turn, are more likely to develop grit in these four countries. In Chapter 5, using the same cross-cultural data used in Chapter 3, I investigate the social valuation of grit and whether and how the valuation of grit is associated with individual development of grit in South Korea and the United States. In both countries, grit is valued as a desirable virtue that leads to success in life. However, there is within-society variance: people from lower social statuses tend to value grit as a virtue that leads to success more than those from higher statuses in both country samples. In addition, I find people with a higher sense of control are more likely to value grit as a virtue, and valuing grit is positively associated with the individual development of perseverance in both countries.

acase@tulane.edu / The Socioeconomic Stratification System (SES) in Colombia is an official classification mechanism used by the government to determine eligibility for subsidies on a sliding scale based on conditions of the dwelling and access to infrastructure. This system classifies housing in up to six categories depending on the household’s features, surrounding area, and urban context. In this thesis, I analyze the social and epistemological implications of the SES in Colombia by looking at how the SES facilitates society to reimagine class identity affecting self-worth and social mobility. The two-main arguments are: 1) the SES categorization system has been transformed from a housing label to the identity of the individual, and 2) social dynamics in Colombia have been altered by the SES. Finally, this thesis should demonstrate the importance for research that not only focuses on the effectiveness of social programs, but also, on their social impact. / 1 / Ana María López

Equal opportunity offices have been described as agencies of organisational change, and the term ‘cultural change’ has been used to describe aspects of equal opportunity work.Universities are sites of organisational cultures where equal opportunity officers have worked in Australia for the past decade. In this time there have been significant changes to higher education, in terms of the size of the university sector in Australia, and also in terms of funding, governance and management. These changes in universities provided the context for questions about the roles of equal opportunity officers in universities, and how they may have changed. This research investigated the practice of equal opportunity officers in universities by using a grounded theory approach to generate understandings about how this group of university staff may have impacted on university cultures. The study develops links between theories of culture and organisational change that was situated in the practices of equal opportunity officers.The research identified a central conceptual category that was described as ‘picking the pitch’, as the main theme in the work of equal opportunity officers in identifying issues and gaining support for a cultural change agenda. All of the preliminary themes that were identified, and the interactions, the observations and the analysis of culture were prerequisites for ‘picking the pitch’.The thesis uses the research for further reflection and integration of the goals of equal opportunity, and the means that were available to equal opportunity officers to achieve these goals. The interactions of power and influence, and some of the limitations on equal opportunity officers are discussed.In the thesis the usefulness of the concept of culture to equal opportunity officers is examined, along with the underpinning theories about the mind of humanity that contributed to their approach to their task.Finally, the thesis discusses the impact of the research for equal opportunity officers, and for the universities in which they worked.

This dissertation investigates the ethnic labor market activities of the Latina/os. This study is important since regardless of their historical and increasing presence in the U.S., Latinos continue to find themselves disproportionately at the bottom of the social hierarchy (Saenz, Morales, and Ayala 2004). Furthermore, due to their lack of access, a significant amount of the members of this group are turning to employment in an ethnic niche. While there is no consensus as to what exactly constitutes an ethnic niche, a distinct characteristic is the co-ethnic nature of the work environments. Special focus is placed on how immigration status/nativity, gender, nativity, and skin color influences job search activities and wage differentials in the ethnic niche. While these factors have been found to impact the mainstream labor market, our knowledge of how these factors operate in a work environment with a dominant presence of co-ethnics is ambiguous. Utilizing data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), results show that Latina/os workers in co-ethnic niches receive fewer economic rewards than their ethnic counterparts in the general labor market. Furthermore, within the Latina/o population dark-skinned individuals are more likely to be employed in ethnic niches while the lighter-skinned are more likely to be employed in the general labor market. When examining the stratification factors of immigration/nativity status, gender, and skin color, in addition to social networks, findings show that these stratification factors operate in a similar fashion in ethnic niches as they do in more mainstream labor markets. Thus these findings question the presumably protective work environment of ethnic niches.

This dissertation investigates the dynamics of the tidally modulated outflow from the Columbia River mouth using high resolution measurements of velocity, density and turbulent microstructure. At high tide, flow through the river mouth reverses from flood (onshore) to ebb (offshore). During ebb, buoyant fluid issues from the river mouth and spreads offshore across the ocean surface. This is the Columbia River tidal plume. The fluid velocity of the tidal plume is super-critical (greater than the wavespeed of coastal stratification), which creates a zone of sharp surface velocity convergence at its leading edge, causing a front to form. From early ebb to peak ebb, constant front propagation speed and plume expansion rate are controlled by a linearly increasing volume-flux through the river mouth. Within the plume, turbulence at the plume base is strongly related to the difference between the shear-squared, S², and four times the buoyancy frequency squared, 4N². A parameterization based on the excess shear-squared, S² - 4N², represents Reynolds stress well, indicating that it is driven by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. During peak ebb of large tides, high volume-flux through the mouth drives high S² - 4N², causing high plume-base stress, which forces significant deceleration of the plume. During smaller tides the volume-flux is smaller, S² - 4N² lower, and the stress too weak to significantly decelerate the plume. During mid-ebb of both small and large ebbs, increasing buoyancy flux from the river mouth raises plume stratification, which suppresses S² - 4N² and stress. As ebb ends, decreasing volume flux and deflection by the Coriolis effect limit plume expansion. This weakens surface velocity convergence, causing the front to diffuse. On longer timescales, plume N² is modulated by changes in river flow; higher river flow causes higher N². During peak ebb of large tides this increase in N² supports higher S², resulting in higher S² - 4N², which causes larger internal stress. These results describe the primary dynamics of the Columbia River tidal plume from front formation to late-ebb, and relate variability in those dynamics to tidal and river-flow forcing. / Graduation date: 2011 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 26, 2011 - Jan. 26, 2013

Abstract Since the reform and open policy makes national and society's separation in Mainland China, the society gradually retrieves the independency which formerly lost, and the state can control the scope gradually reduces. The society thus appears many spaces, and appears many emerging social stratum. That creates the social mobility. At the same time, the society inequalities also gradually expand. How does the social independent strength will have any type influence to Mainland China political development? First, we discuss the relations by three stages of the social stratification and Mainland China political development. The first stage (1949~1978) is the inner-party conflict of authority expands for the social conflict. The second stage (1978~1992) is the reform and open policy creates the social mobility. After the third stage (1992~2002) is the Post-Deng time, the Chinese Communist Party long-term being in power creates each kind of society inequalities. Second, we discuss the impact of the social stratification on the political development in Mainland China. This is main core in this paper, the impact includes: To change of the ideology, and to change of the Chinese Communist party physique, and the interest-politics are formation. All of these influence contain, the obverse and the negative impact. Finally, we will according to these influences to extrapolate the future direction of Mainland China political development. Keywords¡Gsocial stratification¡BMainland China¡Bpolitical development¡Binterest

This dissertation investigates the ethnic labor market activities of the Latina/os. This study is important since regardless of their historical and increasing presence in the U.S., Latinos continue to find themselves disproportionately at the bottom of the social hierarchy (Saenz, Morales, and Ayala 2004). Furthermore, due to their lack of access, a significant amount of the members of this group are turning to employment in an ethnic niche. While there is no consensus as to what exactly constitutes an ethnic niche, a distinct characteristic is the co-ethnic nature of the work environments. Special focus is placed on how immigration status/nativity, gender, nativity, and skin color influences job search activities and wage differentials in the ethnic niche. While these factors have been found to impact the mainstream labor market, our knowledge of how these factors operate in a work environment with a dominant presence of co-ethnics is ambiguous. Utilizing data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), results show that Latina/os workers in co-ethnic niches receive fewer economic rewards than their ethnic counterparts in the general labor market. Furthermore, within the Latina/o population dark-skinned individuals are more likely to be employed in ethnic niches while the lighter-skinned are more likely to be employed in the general labor market. When examining the stratification factors of immigration/nativity status, gender, and skin color, in addition to social networks, findings show that these stratification factors operate in a similar fashion in ethnic niches as they do in more mainstream labor markets. Thus these findings question the presumably protective work environment of ethnic niches.

Texte remanié de: Th. État--Hist.--Paris 4, 1995. Titre de soutenance : La famille aristocratique languedocienne : parenté et patrimoine dans les vicomtés de Béziers et d'Agde (900-1170). / En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 445-484. Index.